Mfundisi Ezemfundo e Kyrgyzstan

Yini okufanele le imfundo uthisha namuhla? Ngayiphi isiqondiso kufanele athuthukise imfundo uthisha ekhulwini lama-21? On mibuzo neminye kufanele aphendule ngokucacile uma sifuna esikhathini eside ukwakha Paradigm efanele imfundo yesimanje Pedagogical of Kyrgyzstan.

Modern imfundo Pedagogical lomkhuba multidimensional ebandakanya ezingeni esikoleni (core amakilasi noma ukuchema kuzo Pedagogical), yesibili uthisha imfundo, imfundo uthisha ephakeme, zokuqeqeshwa kothisha, postgraduate futhi izifundo zobudokotela.

Esihlokweni sethu, sizogxila kwenye yezingxenye Uthisha: okungukuthi, imfundo ephakeme zokuqeqeshwa kothisha ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi naphezulu.

EKyrgyzstan, bendabuko ngothisha wahlanganyela ukuqeqeshwa othisha, ukuqeqeshwa uthisha nezikhungo namanyuvesi.

Ngo uthisha amakolishi, ukuqeqeshwa othisha futhi manje ikakhulukazi bafeza ukuqeqeshwa kothisha ngoba izikole zamabanga aphansi, emakolishi nasemanyuvesi, njengoba umthetho, othisha ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Nge-yalolucwaningo 80 XX leminyaka, kwezinye amanyuvesi, ezifana Arabaev KSU okuthiwa, Issyk-Kul State University, Osh State University kanye namanye amayunivesithi lesifunda Uvule amagatsha noma amandla ka pedagogy futhi indlela lemfundo aphansi, eqeqesha othisha ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi.

Ezikhethekile semfundo ephakeme kuphela sigxile ukuqeqeshwa othisha, namuhla Kyrgyzstan akuyona. Ngokusemthethweni, isikhungo ikhanda ngoba imfundo uthisha, by inertia, wangaphambili Pedagogical University okuthiwa Ishenaaly Arabaev, manje uqambe Kyrgyz State University. Nakuba kukhona baqeqeshiwe kwamanye amakhono nezindawo akuhlobene imfundo uthisha.

Esikhathini esidlule, kwakukhona othisha ambalwa ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme (Przewalski State Pedagogical Institute, Osh State Pedagogical Institute, labesiFazane Pedagogical Institute, PIRYAL), okuyinto okulungiselelwe othisha kuphela. Ngo uthisha ekuqeqesheni republic wenze umnikelo obalulekile nezikhungo eziningi namanyuvesi we Russian Federation (Orenburg, eKursk, Michurinsky, eMoscow Pedagogical Institute yaseMoscow State University yaqanjwa MV Lomonosov eMoscow State University, Voronezh State University, Leningrad State University, futhi abanye). Kafushane, uhulumeni alalelwa omkhulu futhi ekuqeqeshweni abafundisi wehlelo lefundo zombelele. Ngaleyo minyaka, uthisha ukushoda ekhethekile wayengekho. Cishe eziyikhulu amaphesenti izikole republic BakaJehova babebizwa zinabantu othisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakunzima ukuthola umsebenzi esikoleni, ngoba zazingekho izihlalo singenamuntu yothisha kwezinye izindawo. Yebo, futhi ethola umsebenzi wokuba uthisha kwaba ehlonishwayo - umholo ozinzile (hhayi ngaphansi kuka inkokhelo isilinganiso ezweni), izinzuzo ugesi, ngoba ngezidingo, izimvume zabasebenzi, izinhlobo ezahlukene impahla kanye nokwesekwa zokuziphatha.

Ngenkathi Soviet impucuko ngothisha ngumbuso, ikhokhwe a lot of ukunakwa. Nge ngokuwa kweSoviet Union ngaphansi ukucindezela emakethe kanye nobudlelwane emakethe ngothisha ishintshile kakhulu. Namuhla e Kyrgyzstan akukho ezikhethekile Pedagogical semfundo ephakeme. Lapho wayefundisa amakolishi noma amanyuvesi abe ayeshintshe kwamanye amakhono ehlonishwayo. Ukuba uthisha wayengekho ehlonishwayo. Thishela waqala kumelwe libhekwe njengelingcwele umsebenzi, ukuhlinzeka ezemfundo ikhokhwe amasevisi. Umsebenzi wakhe uye wazuza ngemali yasemakethe. Uma uqhathaniswa nezinye ubuchwepheshe. Ngo isihloko uthisha liphansi kakhulu. Ngokusho AJ Danelyuk "Uthisha ngokuvamile kuba yenethiwekhi esitebeleni, akaguquki kuyo yonke le minyaka futhi emashumini yolwazi, kungagcini kwenkululeko isizinda esisodwa. Iqiniso lokuthi uyazi futhi angenza, uyazi futhi ungenza umfundi wakhe. Inani othisha kuncike unqabe kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva, ngenkathi kolwazi, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa nauchnotehnologicheskoy, ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha futhi ngempumelelo umphakathi osekelwe phezu kolwazi umnotho. Ulwazi elahlekile sibalulekile futhi ube izindlela ngokuqhubekayo olusha yokudala ezingasho ubuchwepheshe obusha. Lezi izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho wesistimu Uthisha uyaqhubeka ukulungiselela othisha kuncike, ukusekela ulwazi classical, okuyinto wakhe unikezwe izingane esikoleni esikhathini esidlule, futhi ngekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokukhishwa zokugcina. Yiqiniso, ulwazi yomthetho-Archimedes, imithetho isiRashiya futhi izinkondlo of NJENGOBA Pushkin izingane zidinga. Kodwa uma uthisha uyakwazi adlulisele kuphela fixed emasikweni ivolumu kolwazi, okokuqala, isikhundla sakhe emphakathini ingeqi isimo yimuphi omunye umuntu - esiphathiswa olwazini, futhi okwesibili, bakhe umsebenzi okhokhelwayo uguqulwe yelwati kanye bafaka - pedagogizirovannye yesimanje ulwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe bama-computer ukuvumela umuntu kalula ukuncela esiningi ulwazi oludingekayo ngaphandle labalamuli "[Danyluk AY Izimiso ze-sesimanje Pedagogical imfundo // Pedagogy, inombolo 5, 2010. - k. 39]. Kodwa sekungamakhulu eminyaka uthisha ngokuyinhloko umeluleki ngokomoya, isiko lwezikhali, indoda uhlamvu okukhulu. Kuyihlazo ukuthi uthisha eba isimo Umsebenzi isimo sphere; , Ingxenye ezingokomoya zokufundisa yokukhulumisana nabantwana siqedwa.

Abantu abasha, ngaphandle ezingavamile, wayengafuni ukuya esikoleni. Esikoleni, basebenzela ikakhulu yothisha abanukubeza Zazifundisiwe nenkathi yamaSoviet, futhi inflow yothisha abasha ezikoleni zamabanga kuyinto engasho lutho.

Ngo emfushane, ngezindinganiso ngokomlando imfundo uthisha ngesikhathi kuwa umuzi wakubo engaqhathaniswa ngaphandle ne "kushaft lesishiyagalolunye", Ukuqedwa isendleleni konke. Yini okuncane ishiywa kulolu shushiso ibizwa ngokuthi "yokwakha kabusha" ngokulambisa nibambe. Ikilasi elincane labantu, iqhubekile kusukela uhlelo langaphambilini, is ashikashikana nendaba yokuzenza okunenani namanje kwesokunxele.

Lesi simiso esidala imfundo uthisha, naphezu ezinye izindleko, namanje sigcwalisa yayo futhi yenza kahle. Kuze kube manje, sinalo uhlelo agugile of Uthisha, ukubuyiselwa okuzokwenza ushiye eningi Manpower ezibonakalayo. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, kumelwe uye phambili, hhayi ukuba eziseceleni impucuko. Ukuze siqhubekele phambili, kufanele sinqume ukuthi yiziphi isiqondiso ukuya e imfundo uthisha, ikakhulukazi ukuqeqeshwa kothisha ukuba izikole zamabanga.

Enye into icacile, ukuthi ngaphansi kwethonya impucuko icubungula okuqukethwe Uthisha ishintshile. Labo postulates eliyisisekelo ukuthi uthisha esiphathiswa isiko, lo mqeqeshi ezingokomoya asemasha, uthisha, kwaba, nokuthi kuyoba. umbuzo izinselele ezintsha ngalokho futhi kanjani yesimanje thishela kumele aqeqeshwe? Yini izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo emsebenzini Pedagogical, yena kufanele bayazi kahle? enza ukwazi zochwepheshe uthisha yesimanje kanjani? Into eyodwa Kodwa esikwaziyo ukuthi uthisha Awukude manje "Homeroom" ngomqondo truest izwi. Ubudala kolwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana ngaphezu kokufundisa isifundo sabo kumelwe eyikholelwayo, izwe nomphakathi, ubudlelwano izingane ekuphileni. Othisha manje sezibhekwa njengezingane isazi efanele abaqeqeshiwe emkhakheni ubudlelwane pedagogy emphakathini. Ingasaphathwa izimfanelo ezifana ukuqeqeshwa okusezingeni eliphezulu professional, ukuhamba, ikhono nethimba, ekholisayo baveze abakucabangayo.

Indawo enkulu lisezingeni elinjani inkositini ulwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana emisebenzini babo bomsebenzi. Namuhla, ulwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana babé yinto ziyingxenye esemqoka yemfundo ezi izinto zasemsebenzini.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-Centre for kwezeMfundo we Kyrgyz Academy lwezindaba Ezemfundo eyonquma ukuthi amazinga zamanje isimo sezemfundo yokufundisa ezindaweni unganikezi ukuqeqeshwa kothisha lemfundo yesimanje yi-ngamakhasimende. Mayelana lapho abasebenzi yephrojekthi Centre ye CRP entsha lalungiselela orientation Pedagogical okusekelwe kahle emakhono abo.

Inkinga yobuchwepheshe, kwaphakama zamakhono muva nje, futhi is phetho izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho kokushintsha. Lwati lolutfolakele ukuqeqeshwa babe ngokushesha akusebenzi futhi zamakhono nadpredmetny, basuke kwakhiwa noma atholakala phakathi nenkambo ezihlukahlukene nemisebenzi yokufunda. Wonke umuntu ezingeni yabo yobuchwepheshe. Kuyinto ezingaphezu kuka esibheka ulwazi kanye namakhono. ZamaKhono lihlolwe bese kuboniswe kahle umkhuba.

zamakhono lochwepheshe of othisha. Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, nadpredmetna, futhi akuyona isamba elula yesihloko ulwazi. "I imininingwane temakhono njengoba kusobala ukuthi uhlobo oluthile ukulungela lochwepheshe ukuthi lutholwa ezimweni zangempela, ukuxazulula izinkinga professional, ngisho noma kuthatha indawo ngaphakathi kohlaka inqubo yemfundo. Nature umsebenzi pedagogical ... ayikuvumeli zamakhono ukuphindaphinda, okusho "Dlulisa" kusho abafundi ngokwesiko waqonda imfundo. zamakhono Pedagogical njengenhlangano impahla ekuphileni ingumkhiqizo we self-ukuthuthukiswa kwe-uchwepheshe esizayo imvelo professional, kulandelwa amakhosi "[VV Serikov imisebenzi Nature befundisa futhi sokufundela ikakhulukazi uthisha imfundo // Pedagogy, № 5. - 2010. - k. 34-

Ngokuvamile, uhlobo zamakhono Pedagogical of a siqu ezingaphezu kuka, isibonelo, unjiniyela noma abafundele kadokotela. Likhono yokugcina ngaphezulu ecacile, elinganisekayo. Ngamanye amazwi, Pedagogical zamakhono kuyinto mathupha, atholakala phakathi nenkambo ukuqeqeshwa esikoleni esiphakeme. Uma ulwazi theory kangakanani konke abafundi, sekhono, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lowo muntu okufanayo. zamakhono Pedagogical ayikwazi ukuqinisekiswa yimiphumela yokuhlolwa yemtsetfo letifana ukuhlolwa, izinhlobo ezahlukene ukuhlolwa etemlomo nalabhalwako. ZamaKhono isheke ':. Ngokuhamba umkhuba.

Ngo ukuqeqeshwa bendabuko kubalulekile ukukhumbula, ukutshela, ukuchaza, lapho sekhono asondele umfundi kufanele uchaze nje kuphela ukuthi kungani kubalulekile kangaka ukwenza, kodwa futhi ukuze enze lesi senzo. Kwati kahle kungaboniswa kungabi umkhiqizo we kudala, okusho hhayi isamba lemali elwati nemakhono. Lokhu akusho ukuthi thina sishiye zesayensi kanye umgomo wemfundo, kuba nokwenqaba yezihloko cwaningo ngenxa yalo. Kufanele ibe sekulingisa wangempela imvelo Pedagogical, ukufuna ukuthuthukisa indlela esibukeka ngayo. Lolu hlobo oluthile umsebenzi ezemfundo, okuyinto esikhundleni indlela yendabuko ekulungiseleleni othisha.

Yingakho gos entsha ngoba Pedagogical orientation nokufundisa umkhuba unikezwa Yiqiniso 1 kuya 4 ngonyaka, okusho ukuthi, kuba okuqhubekayo, usuku olulodwa ngesonto, futhi ubizwa ngokuthi "Usuku School".

Student esigcwele iqinile esikoleni.

Yingakho gos entsha orientation Pedagogical, ukunaka kakhulu sakhokhwa nokufundisa umkhuba. Ukufundisa umkhuba iyindawo lapho kwakhiwa zamakhono lochwepheshe futhi ekhethekile jikelele. Nifundisana umkhuba "imizimba" ulwazi kuye kwakhishwa e emakilasini amakilasi esisebenzayo.

Phakathi AGM ukuthuthukiswa yobuchwepheshe izindawo Pedagogical amabhlogo ezintathu sezihlonziwe: jikelele, jikelele futhi ekhethekile. Laba bobabili amabhlogo lokuqala ikhono elikhona eqinisweni ihlanganiswe ngokuba wonke amaphrofayli. abaluthole ekhethekile ukuvimba ethize ukuze iphrofayela ngayinye. Uhlu abaluthole enikelwa esikhathini CRP kukhona sokweluleka ngokwemvelo, izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme Unelungelo, ngokusekelwe amakhono angaphakathi, engeza, ukunweba, ukucacisa. Futhi le nqubo uzoqhubeka size sifike imodeli engcono kungaba ukwanelisa umphakathi.