Vladivostok, labantu: usayizi kanye nokusungulwa. Uyini labantu emzini Vladivostok ngo-2014?

Vladivostok kuyinto iyisikhungo sokuqondisa esibalulekile, amasu kanye nezomnotho Primorsky Krai. Kuyinto omunye main nezimbobo Russian eliseMpumalanga Ekude. Cargo inzuzo kuba yesine kuleli zwe. Lo muzi ubizwa nangokuthi ibhekwa njengeBhayibheli sasilibangise edumile Trans-Siberian sesitimela. Ogwini Vladivostok kuyinto base eyinhloko Russian Pacific Fleet.

Umlando lezizwe

Ezikhathini zasendulo, idolobha lesimanje kwaba isimo esincane okuthiwa Bohai. Abantu bendawo abangu Kidane. Khona-ke, endaweni wangena ifa izizwe Jurchen. Esikhathini 8 leminyaka BC. e. Lapha isimo Asian yasungulwa, igama elisho ukuthi "Eastern Xia." Nokho, phakathi nekhulu le-13, imizana Jurchen kwabhujiswa. Blame kuye kwaholela ekuhlaselweni eminingi yamaMongol, ngenxa okuyinto endaweni kufikile incithakalo ngokuphelele.

A emashumini eminyaka ambalwa akekho lapha akazange aphile isikhathi eside, kodwa kancane kancane endaweni phathelana ugcwale Kubantu abayimizulane. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-13 kuleli dolobha, ogama lakhe namuhla Vladivostok, yayinabantu enkulungwaneni abantu. Lezizizwe main babe Han Chinese isiManchu. Bona owakhiwe esifundeni oseningizimu Primorye.

Igama layo esemthethweni edolobheni etholwe 1860. weqembu lemikhumbi laseSiberia esesifundazweni eChwebeni iGolden Horn ukusekela okuthunyelwe zamasu. Wayala nge operation uCaptain Aleksey Shefner. Nguye okuthiwa ethekwini Vladivostok e-Sea of Japan. Ngo-1930, idolobha wakhonza njengephayona iphuzu yokuhamba indlela isikebhe wezimpahla ezinkulu neziboshwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwaba ikamu odumile kakhulu lendawo zokuthutha, okwakukhona ejele bonke amandla okunganambitheki Soviet. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona imbongi Mandelstam, futhi Academician Korolyov, futhi umbhali Ginzburg, nezinye izibalo eziningi ezithandwayo. Ngo-1940 ekuseni, eduze esiteshini River Okwesibili based ekamu kwezimilo, ngokuthi Vladlagom. Lapha iziboshwa babehilelekile zifake ukwakhiwa. Ngokusho roominess Vladlagu akalingani ezweni lonke. Wayengase kanyekanye aqukethe abangafika kwabangu-ayizinkulungwane 56.

City ngemva kokuwa ye-USSR

Kuze kube ngo-September 1991 Vladivostok sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi avaliwe sokuqondisa. kwemingcele yayo avuleka kuphela amathimba olusemthethweni. Kusukela ngo-January 1992, zonke zazivela khulula ukuvakashela esifundeni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngokushesha ngemva ukusayinwa esinqumweni Yeltsin lakhula ngokushesha labantu kulo muzi. Vladivostok laba isikhungo ngamazwe. Ngale komngcele, iSoviet Union Ugcwalise olwandle abathutha. Abaningi babo kwakungabantu abavela eChina kanye namazwe angomakhelwane.

Ukuwa eU.SSR abathintekayo ecaleni nezomnotho kulo muzi omubi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo liwela ezingeni lempilo lezakhamuzi wendawo. Umphumela waba i- Inkinga yezibalo. Izinga lokuzalwa uwile by izikhathi eziyishumi. Ngo-1990 ngasekupheleni, abantu abasha kanye enamandla ngokushesha bashiye amazwe beyofuna ukuphila okungcono. Amaphuzu ayinhloko ukuthuthelwa yizakhamizi China naseKazakhstan.

Noma kunjalo, isikhathi esibucayi hhayi encishisiwe ukubaluleka amasu ka Vladivostok. Bekasesesikghwari omunye omkhulu kwezohwebo kanye ezokuthutha maphakathi nezwe. Ukuthuthukisa isimo zezomnotho nezenhlalo sekube kuphela ekuqaleni kule nkulungwane entsha yeminyaka. izimbali Eliphakeme edolobheni ubhekwa 2012.

division zokuphatha

Ukwakheka umasipala namuhla zihlanganisa yena Vladivostok, kanye nemizana eduze, ezifana zabasebenzi, Riverside, Popov nabanye.

Njengoba for emzini, ihlukaniswe yaba izindawo eziningana. Ngamunye has umlando walo futhi isakhiwo kwezomnotho. Ubude e Vladivostok 5 izifunda zokuphatha: Pervomaisky, Lenin, umholi Soviet, Pervorechenskij futhi Frunze.

Le ndawo ngobukhulu emzaneni Wezabasebenzi. Yena ngokushesha ihlukaniswe 6 izindawo: kuyona, Central, Northern, Southern, Western futhi Ussuri.

It eliqondisa ikhanda lomuzi ekuphathweni, esiyingxenye izinqumo kanye oda ngesisekelo nomthetho ka Primorsky Krai kanye Russian Federation. Futhi kule nokwakheka omasipala bakahulumeni kuhlanganisa Duma zendawo izidumbu esiphezulu umkhakha.

labantu

Elinye lamadolobha ezanda Russia eminyakeni yamuva iye yabhekwa nje Vladivostok. Labantu ngawo-1920 lapho liye lenyuka lisuka ku izikhathi 6. Kubalwa kokuqala lwenziwe endaweni ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Vladivostok, ogama labantu kancane kancane lakhula, kwakukhona abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-29. Ngu-1920, izibalo okuhambisanayo babengaba zinkulungwane 90. Izakhamuzi.

Nge ngamunye eyishumi ezilandelanayo ingxenye lokubala ubuningi babantu ka ngcono. Ngo-1931, Vladivostok, ogama labantu zazisuka phakathi kwabantu yizinkulungwane ezingu-140, kwaba elinye lamadolobha ethuthukayo kakhulu engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-RSFSR. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-25, inani liye laphindeka kabili. Ingqophamlando ka 300,000 izakhamuzi lomuzi iyiswe 1960 ekuseni. Dynamics Positive sasisekelwa kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwawo-1990. Imiphumela wokugoqa zase-USSR, Vladivostok, ogama labantu ngaleso sikhathi kwaba abantu mayelana 645.000, useke wabhekana ezinyangeni zokuqala.

I obumbi bomnotho likhungethwe sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia nakwamanye amazwe post-Soviet, esiye sakuthinta ngayo labantu Primorye Territory. Ngakho, eminyakeni engu-10 ezayo, Vladivostok isibe ezingenalutho cishe 10%. Isimo siqala ukuba wazi off kuphela 2010. Ngo-2013, inani kwaba abantu nje phezu ayizinkulungwane 600.

Uphiko lokubala ubuningi babantu

Labantu isilinganiso Vladivostok is agcwaliswa ngonyaka 4000 izakhamizi. Iningi laba bantu abase kubalwa limelela nezihambi eziqhamuka ngakuzo engxenyeni Asian zaleli zwekazi. Ngokuphathelene okuzala, kuba okuncane esingaphansi 4% of lonke inani izakhamuzi. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, izinga lokufa kugcinwa at 3.5%. Ngo-2013, inani ukubeletha okokuqala ngemva kokuwa wase-USSR lidlule inani lokufa. Minyaka yonke edolobheni azalwe izingane 6 kuya kwezingu-7.

Migration ibhalansi kubuye kutfutfukise omuhle. Zonke iphutha bokukhulisa emazingeni ekuphila wenduduzo. Minyaka yonke, iziphathimandla zedolobha imali izizumbulu ekuthuthukiseni izindaba eziphathelene nempilo yomphakathi, umnotho, nomkhakha wezezindlu nokwakhiwa nomphakathi. Kuphela mbhangqwana yokugcina iminyaka emzini beza abasebenzi abangaphezulu kuka 50 eziyinkulungwane. Uma le kwesokunxele Vladivostok 20% ngaphansi.

Vladivostok sabantu 2014

Phakathi nale nkathi edolobheni linyuke ngabantu abangu-izinkulungwane 1.4. Lokhu akulona yi yerekhodi, kodwa umkhuba omuhle inakekelwa. Vladivostok labantu obuphelele-2014 abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu 603.

Lo mbhalo uthi umkhuba lomuhle okuzala. Oluhambisana ukwehla ngokwempilo yangenyama labantu wokukhula ongokwemvelo ingamaphesenti abantu abangaphezu kuka-200. Okufanayo kufuduka izibalo aphethwe ezingeni ayizinkulungwane 1.1. Izivakashi.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi labantu Vladivostok-2014 angaphezu kuka-600 eziyinkulungwane izakhamuzi, neziphathimandla zezifunda benza konke okusemandleni ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi abantu bayo emsebenzini. Okwamanje, mayelana 3% kuphela izakhamuzi enamandla abadinga umsebenzi.

Inani labantu base-Vladivostok namuhla

Ngokusho ubukhulu lokubala ubuningi babantu lomuzi ku simo 25 endaweni th kazwelonke. Vele Ukuma iqhaza 1114 nemizana of RF. Lo mphumela yilona eliphezulu ukuwedlula wonke e-wonke umlando emzini igama uyaziqhenya Vladivostok.

Labantu ngo-2015 abantu abangaphezu kuka-604,6 izinkulungwane. Okwamanje, izinga lokuzalwa idlula izinga lokufa ngu ayizinkulungwane 9. Man. Kube nokwehla okuncane ukufuduka.

ukwakheka kaZwelonke

Inani labantu base-Vladivostok ngo-2014 ku-86% siqukethe Russian. Ngakusasa ngobukhulu ubuzwe kukhona Ukraine. Zihlala emzini ezingaphezu kuka-2.5%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlu zitholakala futhi baseKorea Tatar - 1% futhi 0.5% ngokulandelana.

Of asele kwamaqembu ezinhlanga ngenombolo enkulu bungabonakala Uzbeks, Armenia, Belarusians, isiShayina, Azeris futhi Kazakhs.