Ukudalula izimfihlo zezwe. Izimiso Huygens Fresnel

imihlola Khanyisa kuyinsakavukela kithi ukuze, bebona ukubonakaliswa bawo abahlukahlukene, singazi ngisho ukucabanga ngesimo izinqubo. I isabelo ukukhiqizwa kolwazi ubuchopho bomuntu ngokusebenzisa ngokunembile izenzakalo yokukhanya ifinyelela amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye, okubonisa ukuthi indima yabo enkulu ekuphileni kwethu. Ukujula kwezwe elisizungezile ukupenda isibhakabhaka nombala oluhlaza njengesibhakabhaka, uthingo, kuveza sakhe esibukweni ayisihloko incazelo kunalokho abantu, lyrically-enhle kunabaseThesalonika abe nengqondo ngokwesayensi. Kodwa phakathi ososayensi kanye zemvelo efuna zingene okushiwo izinto ezisizungezile kanye izenzakalo ukukhiqiza yabo nesilinganiso ambalwa kanye nokuhlolwa qualitative wafumana abaningi uzimisele ukuxazulula imfihlakalo ukukhanya.

I wabahloli lokuqala imihlola ukukhanya, omisebenzi yakhe ezisekhona, ayewazi izakhiwo ezishelelayo banana. Euclid (300 BC) nekaPtolemy (127-151 GG.) Bakwazi ukuchaza imithetho yokukhanya yejeyomethri, kodwa ngokoqobo kakade wathola kamuva kakhulu ekwakhiweni amaphuzu kuqala (1285), izibonakude (1450) , imizuzu (1595).

utadisha izenzakalo yokukhanya okubangelwa ukuba ngithuthe yokukhanya yejeyomethri tiyori wave yokukhanya, ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle yaziwa kithi njengoba Huygens-Fresnel isimiso. Huygens kuqala ngemibuzo theory Newton BakaJehova futhi wasikisela ukuba sicabangele ugongolo ukukhanya akukho njengoba ukusakazwa kwezindaba ezinhlayiyeni ezincane a ephezulu inselele, futhi njengomnikelo wokuzuliswa. Imfundiso igagasi Huygens hhayi kuphela baqinisekisa ngokugcwele imithetho yokukhanya yejeyomethri, kodwa futhi ivumela bahlole wonke izenzakalo yokukhanya. Ukuthatha isisho zonke iphuzu medium lapho esiphelweni wave abazalwa yimbangela amagagasi yesibili, Huygens wakwazi ukuchazela isimiso somthetho ibonisa ukukhanya kanye nezinye izenzakalo, ngaphambili esachazwa theory Newton. Kodwa-ke ayibanga incazelo izimiso umqondo omusha inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela umumo womsebenzi, kanye nabasekeli ukubukwa Newton zaziziningi kangako ukuthi mpikiswano mayelana nohlobo ukukhanya kweqiniso kwaqhubeka iminyaka eyikhulu.

Ukuchazwa nomqondo "umumo womsebenzi yokukhanya," isimiso Huygens-Fresnel unika nge ncazelo sokuncika yayo phezu nombono. Umsindo emva kodonga, sizwa egoba ukukhanya emhlabeni isithiyo akuyona futhi ukunika umthunzi. Kodwa Huygens-Fresnel isimiso lesi sibonelo akaphiki. Umumo womsebenzi sizalwa nawo amaza okukhanya, kodwa ngakho obonakalayo ngoba ezidlula scantiness of nombono yokukhanya, ukuthi kwaba akunakwenzeka ukukulungisa, futhi Fresnel kuphela owakwazi ukuchaza lesi simo, wayebuye ukububala ngokuthe wavelength yokukhanya, okuyinto polmikrona (isigamu senkulungwane a milimitha) .

Ukwenza neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni kanye nobufakazi iqiniso inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela wave zokukhanya yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, Fresnel njengelinye lamazwe abasunguli balo. Igama lakhe wehla emlandweni wesayensi emhlabeni futhi izisekelo theory, egxilile nesikhombisa Huygens leminyaka, ebizwa ngokuthi "Huygens-Fresnel isimiso."

Uma kafushane fingqa, izinzuzo Huygens 'wave imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukukhanya ukuchaza izenzakalo eziningi okufushane Newton yokukhanya yemvelo alinikezi incazelo. Ukunqunywa amaza okukhanya kuholela lo mkhuba ukuphazamiseka, izingxenye ukubopha ngesimo amasongo Newton yena isazi omkhulu abakwazanga ukukuchaza. Phela, inkolelo yakhe yokuziphendukela ukunqunywa fluxes elikhanyayo kumele sihambisane ukwanda kwamandla abo. A ukubonakaliswa umumo womsebenzi wave ukukhanya wakwazi ukuqinisekisa ucwaningo lwakhe Fresnel kuka ukungabaza kungaqedwa ngokuphelele mayelana nemvelo wave yokukhanya.

Ukubuka entsha ngesikhathi izakhiwo ugodo ukukhanya, ogxile Huygens-Fresnel isimiso walaliswa phansi, anikeza ugqozi ukuthuthukiswa yokucabanga ngokwesayensi. Ngenxa yalokho, siye kuholele ekutheni kuqubuke lo okusungulile njengoba laser (60 20 st.), Owaphenduka yithuluzi elinamandla ezandleni ososayensi, bocwepheshe wezokwelapha. Abathwebuli bakwazi ukwakha yobuciko zabo usebenzisa ehlunga, izazi zezinkanyezi ungakwazi ukufunda indlela yokwakheka ezinkanyezini ezikude le kude, futhi eziningi nezinye izici zokuphila womuntu iye ahlanganiswe ukubukwa entsha ku ubunjalo abavamile ukukhanya ugongolo.