Ithuba izindleko - Iyini?

Noma yimuphi inqubo ukuphila ngokwako - uchungechunge ukhetho. Ukunquma imali etholakale kwi ukuthengwa imishini emisha, umnikazi enqaba i isibalo esingapheliyo izicelo kungenzeka. Lapha futhi kukhona ithuba izindleko. It is afakwa inzuzo kusukela isinqumo esivuna okunye engcono ngemva Yiqiniso kuhlelwe isinyathelo. Bona elichaza owasizwa kwadingeka ukuba uyekwe, ukukhetha sokugcina. umqondo kwabalelwa - umqondo ukuthi kangcono ukubhekana izenzakalo ezimbili alizimele. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho kumelwe ukhethe phakathi ukuthenga ku umholo esikhathini samanje imishini emisha noma ukwenyuka kwezinga abasebenzi umsebenzi ibhizinisi.

History of the cwaningo

Igama elithi "ithuba izindleko" - umkhiqizo okudala Economist Austrian Friedrich von Wieser. Waqale asetshenziswa encwadini yakhe ethi "Umbono we Social Umnotho," eshicilelwe ngo-1914. Nokho, umbono sekuyisikhathi eside emphakathini zezemfundo. UBenjamin Franklin zavela ngenxa yaleli zwi elithi adumile: "Isikhathi siyimali -". umqondo yaKhe echazwe encwadini "Iseluleko abahwebi abasebasha" 1764. Franklin uphawula isibonelo ngendoda uhola shillings eziyishumi ngosuku. Cabanga ekuphumuleni kwakhe. Ake echitha kwezokuzijabulisa nozuka futhi emini. Uma uthi nhlá, izindleko zawo ecacile. Lokhu nozuka. Nokho, kukhona okunye ithuba izindleko - the shillings ezinhlanu, ayekwazi uhola nxenye suku. Yingakho ibinzana odumile Franklin sikhathi - kungcono njalo imali. Kuyacaca futhi khona umbono ka ithuba izindleko e indzabambhalo "Iqiniso lokuthi sibona futhi yini is akubone" uFrederic Bastiat, abhalwe 1848. Umbhali uphawula isibonelo isingathekiso umlilo eziphukile. It debunks inkolelo evamile ngokuthi inhlekelele, impi, ubuphekula, nezinye ngamashwa kungaba igalelo ekukhuleni komnotho. Ingqikithi isingathekiso sona ukuthi umfana engqongqoza ewindini wagijima waya yokubhaka. esikhundleni sakhe kubiza 3000 umthamo ngamayunithi angakahleleki. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi lesi senzakalo akusona ezimbi. Glazier bazothola i eyengeziwe 3,000 amayunithi ezivamile ke ukuchitha kubo, futhi lokhu kuzoholela ukuvuselelwa umnotho wendawo. Nokho, ukucabanga okunjalo, ngokuvumelana Bastiat, kukhona iphutha. Ihlala eqinisweni lokuthi nombhaki kudingeka bachithe imali ekubuyiseleni iwindi kweyayo. Futhi leli nani uzothola kancane nezinye abakhiqizi esifundeni. Phela, nabo basuke kungaba abathengi ezingaba wombhaki. Ngakho-ke, umnotho engakaze ahlanganiswe, futhi walahlekelwa 3,000 amayunithi ezivamile. Abamele Keynesian ukholelwa ukuthi umfana bangazuza emnothweni, kodwa kuphela ngezikhathi zeziyaluyalu, lapho imithombo underutilized. zezomnotho Austrian efanayo Bastiat ngesikhathi sakhe, ahumushe, isingathekiso ngenye indlela. Ake sithi umfana empeleni ikhokhwe glazier. Khona-ke, uma kuba sobala ukuthi empeleni kukhona ukuntshontshwa 3000 amayunithi ezivamile. Umnotho hhayi ahlanganiswe, esezizuzile kuphela glazier, futhi ngezithukuthuku zabanye.

kokuhlaziywa

Lapho usomabhizinisi enquma ngemali utshalomali, ufuna inketho ukubuya eliphakeme. Ngokuvamile ibalwa elilindelekile lekusisa nenzuzo kanye payback isikhathi. Nokho, noma yimuphi isinqumo sokugcina luhlale lugcwele ukuvela izindleko okunye. Ngokwesibonelo, usomabhizinisi wenza ukukhetha phakathi ukuthenga imishini emisha kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali izibambiso. Yini ngeke isinqumo senziwa, ihlobene ithuba izindleko. Lena umehluko phakathi nenzuzo okulindeleke ukhetho akhethiwe, nokuthi, okuye kwadingeka ukuba uyekwe.

Ithuba izindleko futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni isakhiwo dolobha. Isinqumo ukuze sandise njalo elihlobene ne nezinye izici. Futhi ukunemba isibikezelo nenzuzo yangempela incike uzokhetha. Esinye isici esibalulekile kunobungozi. Kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele lapho senza izinqumo. Ukuba khona ingozi yokuthi inkampani is hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukhetha elizimele kakhulu, Uma unganakile, okuhlukile.

Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke

Economic ithuba izindleko - umqondo ukuthi kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa abantu abavamile. Kodwa eqinisweni, ukusetshenziswa ekwenzeni sezinqumo ezibaluleke noma oluphathelene naye lowo ngokukhwabanisa imali, kungaba wusizo. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ukuthengwa indlu entsha enkulu. Iningi e lesi sinqumo nje cabanga izinzuzo nezingozi ukuthenga ezinjalo, uzokubona kokusele kwi-akhawunti yakho yasebhange. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi angekho izindleko ithuba. Kungenzeka ukuthi indlu enkulu, thina akudingekile ngakho, futhi lokhu imali kungenziwa esichithwa travel noma imfundo oyoletha nelwati lolusha isipiliyoni oyoletha imali esikhathini esizayo. Noma sicabangele esinye isibonelo. Ake sithi ukuthenga zonke izinsuku cheeseburger for $ 4.5. Uma lokhu kuthambekela uzoqhubeka iminyaka engu-25, lokhu kuzoholela hhayi kuphela ziwohloke sokubheka impilo yethu. Kulokhu, ithuba abiza elilingana $ 52.000. Futhi lokhu, uma kuphela ukubeka izinga inzuzo lekusisa 5%.

izindleko okubeka obala

Zimbili izinhlobo ithuba izindleko. Obala elihlobene ne ngqo imali yezindleko abakhiqizi. Ngokwesibonelo, izindleko energy zaba yenkampani nyangazonke $ 100. Le mali singase sizinike, isibonelo, ukuthengwa iphrinta. Obala ithuba Izindleko $ 100.

izindleko ishiwoyo

Ngokungafani iqembu lokuqala izindleko, awaveli ngokusobala yenkampani-balance sheet. Zihlotshaniswa ingozi ukwehluleka. Ngokwesibonelo, umakhi wathenga amathani 1000 steel nemishini ukuqala ukukhiqizwa imishini ethile. Okuhlosiwe ithuba izindleko kulokhu kuyoba ilingane abalahlekelwe yinzuzo ngenxa yokuthi wayengazange azinakekele wasithengisa wathenga, hhayi yokuqasha amandla abo.

Ukukhethwa sebuningini

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindleko ithuba - noma kunjalo akunakwenzeka kwesamba semali ukuze zonke izindlela. Lokhu isilinganiso sokubuyisela ungomunye wabo kuphela. Tom, ngubani ukubuya lesibili kulindeleke. Uma umuntu ekhetha ukuba basebenze, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya isibonelo Franklin ke le ndlela futhi igcwele ithuba izindleko. Uma sinquma ukuya amabhayisikobho esikhundleni sokuba ukuhlala ehhovisi, izindleko ukwandisa. Bayoba ilingana nenani ezazingabizwa wathola ngosuku, plus izindleko amathikithi.

Umthetho ithuba izindleko

Ukukhiqizwa amathuba ijika libonisa kukhethwa izindlela ezimbili inqubo. Uma ubheka ke, ngokushesha iba sobala ukuthi izindleko ithuba ukwandisa ne ivolumu okukhipha kwezimpahla kanye nokwehla omunye. It kuvela ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kufanele umhlatshelo bayanda okuhle yesibili. Ukukhuluma nje ngezwe ke umthetho okwandisa ithuba izindleko. Ukusebenza kwawo kungenxa yokuthi akubona bonke imithombo kukhona jikelele kanye nezilandiso. Ake sithi ukhule corn nokolweni, kodwa wanquma kancane kancane uqale reorientation esivuna wangaphambili. Nokho, akubona bonke ezweni ngokulinganayo ofanele lokufikela zombili izizwe. Futhi siyoqala zisebenzisa ezindaweni ezingabalulekile kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

ukulahlekelwa Deadweight

Manje, uma senza esiphethweni sokuthi izindleko ithuba - umahluko phakathi izinga elindelekile ukubuya ukhetho akhethiwe kanye okunye yesibili engcono, ungase ucabangele ezinye imiqondo. I abaseduze linencazelo nomqondo kuba ukulahlekelwa irrecoverable. Umehluko itholakala lokuthi ukuthi njengesibopho ngichithe imali. Lapho sicabanga ngakho izindleko ithuba, lemali namanje ephaketheni zethu. Ungakwazi ngasiphi isikhathi ukushintsha isinqumo, futhi ukutshala okunye okukhethwa kukho. Kodwa kuphakama ukulahlekelwa irrecoverable lapho siye bedele inzuzo yethu. ukubala yabo ixhunyaniswe yokuntuleka okukhethayo.

Ngokwesibonelo

Ngo inkinga yethu, usomabhizinisi has ezimbili izinketho. Eyokuqala liqukethe ukutshala imali emakethe yamasheya. Esesibili - ukutshala imali ukuthengwa imishini emisha, balindele ukuthi kuzokhulisa ukukhiqiza izinto zokukhiqiza kuphela. Lokhu kuyophumela enkulumweni ephansi izindleko kanye ukwandisa inzuzo engenayo. Ake sithi ukuvuma izibambiso kuyinto 12%. Futhi ukuthengwa imishini uyoletha% 10 kuphela ngonyaka ka isamba semali esidiphozitiwe. Yiqiniso, inkampani ngeke ukhethe lokuqala - ukutshala imali izibambiso. A izindleko ithuba - ukule isibonelo 2% amanani imali.