Ingakanani insimbi ebiza kakhulu

Iminyaka eminingi idlule kusukela ngesikhathi lapho u-NKULUNKULU Mendeleev ethula khona ithebula lakhe lokuqala lamakhemikhali emphakathini ngo-1869. Futhi namuhla izakhamuzi eziningi zomhlaba wethu zikhathazeka ngombuzo othakazelisayo kakhulu: "Iyini igama nezindleko zensimbi ebiza kakhulu emhlabeni?" Futhi uma umqondo ongcono noma ongakalungi usuvele usungulwe ngamatshe ayigugu, izinto zimbi kakhulu ngolwazi lwezinsimbi. Abambalwa kuphela abangaqamba igama lensimbi ebiza kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, lena yi-ismilo ye-Osmium yama-1870. Esikhathini se-periodic system of Mendeleev, insimbi eyigugu kakhulu eyigugu ibalwa ngamanani angu-76. Iphuzu eliphelele ukuthi i-isotope i-Osmium yinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke izinto ezitholwa isintu. Ngokumangalisayo, ubukhulu bale nsimbi buyi-22.62 g / cc. I-Osmium ihluke umbala ocijile obala futhi umbala we-silvery. Ngenxa yezici zalo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, insimbi isetshenziselwa imboni yenukliya, ekwenzeni ubucwebe kanye nemithi yokwelapha.

Akukho okuthakazelisayo okuncane ukuthi insimbi ebiza kakhulu kakhulu thina asikwazi ukubona. Into ewukuthi namuhla emakethe emnyama yezinsimbi ze-1 gram ye-Osmia kuzodingeka akhokhe ngaphezu kwama-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200. Umthumeli wokuqala osemthethweni wase-Osmia yiKazakhstan, okwathi ngonyaka ka-2004 wanikeza igremu eyodwa ngentengo ye $ 10,000. Ngaphezu kweKazakhstan, akekho izwe ezweni elinikezela i-Osmium isotope, ngoba inqubo yokukhiqiza yayo yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Insimbi ikhiqizwa yi-calcination ye-platinum concentrates emazingeni okushisa ka-900-1000 ° C.

Ngokweqiniso, insimbi ebiza kakhulu yiCalifornia 252. Kusukela ngo-2010, intengo ye-1 gram yaseCalifornia yayingu-6 500,000 zamaRandi. Kodwa-ke, izimpahla zomhlaba zensimbi zimbalwa amagremu, futhi amazwe amabili kuphela (eRussia nase-US) akhiqiza cishe ama-micrograms angu-20-40 ngonyaka. Izinto ezibonakalayo zaseCalifornia zingaphezu kokumangalisa: u-1 μg kuphela okwazi ukuhambisa i-neutron yezigidi ezingu-2 ngomzuzwana. Ngenxa yalezi zimpawu, insimbi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izicubu ezimbi emithi, njengomthombo wamaphuzu amaningi we-neutron.

Enye insimbi enhle i-platinum. Futhi uma engenzi sengathi uyena "Insimbi Ebizayo Kakhulu", uyingxenye yesihlanu esivamile kakhulu. Uma uphendukela emlandweni, i-platinum ikhishwe kakade emakhulwini amabili neshumi nambili ngezizwe ezazihlala esifundeni sase-Andes. Wafika kwabakhileyo eYurophu eminyakeni eyi-16-17. Amazwe angu-5 ahlanganyela ekuthuthukiseni izindawo zeplatinum: iU.SA, iRussia, iChina, iNingizimu Afrika neZimbabwe.

Ngokuvamile, izinhlamvu zemali zikhiqizwa kusuka e-platinum, kodwa, ngokungafani negolide nesiliva, ziye zahlanganiswa kusuka e-platinum cishe maduzane.

Insimbi isetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ekukhiqizeni ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, amazinyo kanye nelaser. Zifaka izindlu zemikhumbi ukuze zivikele ngokumelene nokubola.

Embonini yezinto zokugqoka, i-platinum nayo inenani eliphezulu.

Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2013, intengo ejwayelekile ye-1 gram ye-platinum ingaba ngu-$ 70. Imakethe enkulu yayihlale iJapane, kodwa namuhla isandla somqhudelwano samukelwe ngokuqiniseka yiChina.

Ngendlela, minyaka yonke imboni yezinto zokugqoka zezwe idla amathani angaphezu kuka-50 we-platinum, kanti i-China ilandisa ngamaphesenti angama-50 kuwo wonke ukuthengiswa.