Yamathambo: lokuvikela izingane. Prevention yamathambo ezinsaneni

Abaningi bajwayelene namazwi leli gama ngoba isifo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi uhlobo ubuhlungu, ngokomzimba, kanye ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ukuba buthakathaka engqondo. Yebo, kunjengoba yamathambo. Lesi sifo kungokwalabo zokugula yezingane kubonakala zisencane ayephuli ithambo kumiswa. Isizathu ngokuba liyisihlalo yokuntuleka vitamin D emzimbeni, okuyinto kabi ezidingekayo ngesikhathi ukukhula kakhulu ingane, ngesikhathi kumiswa uqwanga futhi thambo lwamathambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabi yalolu ketshezi kuthinta sphere bokusungula nokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba. Kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphela ngisho noshintsho oluncane ukuziphatha kwezingane, njengoba ukuqala lesi sifo zenzeka kufihlwe.

indaba

Ngokokuqala ngqá lesi sifo iye yachazwa ezinhlwini ezingu-England e-phakathi nekhulu lesikhombisa, kodwa izincwadi Semi-Medical kusekhona yesibili nantathu AD leminyaka. It ahlinzekwa eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma eziningana okwenziwe ngaleli isifo nezindlela ukuze siyixazulule. isihlungu utholakale - cod amafutha, kodwa incazelo ukusebenza yayo bathole kamuva kakhulu. Ngenxa ucwaningo olwenziwa McCollum, izwe ezwa khona into ezifana kavithamini D. Kamuva, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, udokotela German basungula indlela zokuvimbela yamathambo usebenzisa ngesibani ultraviolet. Yena kwavuzwa ukuntuleka ilanga futhi kwavimbela ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo.

izimbangela

Kunezici eziningana ungalokothi uphuze ukuthi bafake isandla ekuthuthukiseni yamathambo. Abakwazi kwenzeke kokubili ndawonye babuye bahlukana.

1. Inani ezinganele kokukhanya kwelanga, kuhlanganise ngenxa yesimo sezulu kanye nezimo zezulu.
2. yokudla engalungile wengane, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukumuncwa ompofu-calcium ne phosphorus, kanye nokuqukethwe ngokweqile ukudla ezilwane.
3. Deep preterm izinsana.
4. kunqunywa Okushintshwe iziyaluyalu kwetinhlavu kanye umzimba kavithamini D.
5. nezici ezithile Kwezinhlanga.

Asinayo endaweni Intandokazi isifo kumephu jikelele, butholakala yonke indawo. Ngokuvamile ibonakalisa kuthatha indawo isizini abandayo, lapho ngenxa azifele ezikhulayo singakutholi ukukhanya kwelanga. Zithinteka abantwana abazalwa ekwindla sekwephuzile futhi ebusika.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, omama yesimanje ungafuni ukuncelisa ingane ngokwemvelo, wakhetha ufane noma ubisi cow sika. Lokhu kuphazamisa ikoloni wengane emathunjini kahle. Futhi e esikhundleni yokufakelwa aqukethe isamba enganele izinto ezidingekayo ekukhuleni obunobunye futhi enganeni. Izingane uhlushwa ukukhuluphala, iziyaluyalu umzimba, colic emathunjini, futhi-ke, yamathambo.

I pathophysiology lesi sifo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi iqhaza nokwenziwa kwe-calcium bone ekwakhekeni inqubo ngokwalo ithatha akukho uvithamini D, kanye metabolites yayo eyenziwe ngo isibindi nezinso. Ngemva kokubeletha, izinhlelo eziningi enzymatic futhi umzimba baye akukafiki sezingeni elithuthukile ukuthwala umthwalo esiphelele esidingekayo eziphilayo ezincane ukuze akhule ngendlela efanele.

Owenza e melanocytes isikhumba, vitamin D singena igazi bese uyiswa yona kwesibindi, lapho inqubo hydroxylation sihamba. Chemical ukuguqulwa eyaqedwa ekhulwini izinso, bese, in the form of 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D, ehilelekile amaminerali umzimba futhi kumiswa lwamathambo. Yonke inqubo kukhonjelwe destabilization kunoma yisiphi isigaba. Ngakho-ke, i-pathogenesis yamathambo kuyinto bedidekile kakhulu futhi bengayiqondi ngokugcwele Ochwepheshe ngisho emincane.

ukubonakaliswa

Njengomthetho, i-alamu izinsimbi lokuqala kakade uvele yobudala emavikini ayisithupha wengane, kodwa ngakho-non-ethize ukuthi abazali musa unake, noma ukuxhumanisa kwezinye izifo. Kule ndaba, izinguquko eziphawulekayo abonakala kuphela izinyanga ezine noma ezinhlanu ubudala.

Endaweni yokuqala ingane baqale ukukhombisa izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa ezifana ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ukukhathazeka, ukucasuka. Khona-ke, encishisiwe ngithanda ukwazi ngokudla, uma kwenzeka ukubambezeleka esihlalweni. Ebusuku ingane ejuluka kakhulu, izithukuthuku sinuke kabi, wadweba ekhanda lakhe, ngenxa friction njalo pad livela Alopecia entanyeni. ukubonakaliswa Kubonakala ithambo lapho, zivela kamuva kakhulu. Isigaba sokuqala ihlala kuze kuphele inyanga.

Uma kungekho izinyathelo ezithathwe kwakungafanele, isifo siqhubeka nesikhathi esilandelayo - ukuphakama. It libhekene ukucindezeleka kwesifuba, ugobile amathambo wemikhawulo aphansi, obhekwe "ubuhlalu" futhi "isongo" ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ngokweqile ithambo izicubu, njengempendulo compensatory kuya thinning we skeleton. Kucatshangwa ngakho konke lokhu njengoba ingane lags ngemuva ekukhuleni ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba.

Ukwelashwa uya khona ngesikhathi esiza ahoxise iningi izinguquko, kodwa ukusonteka skeleton ngeke eziyohlala phakade. kanzima Ikakhulukazi nemiphumela umthelela abesifazane, njengoba kukhona ukusonteka of ukhalo nokuzalwa vaginally olungeke lwenzeke.

ukuhlola

yezifiso loluhlelekile ukuze kuhlonzwe kanye nokuvinjelwa yamathambo ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi esiyindida udokotela isilinganiso emtholampilo. Ngaphambili, isiqinisekiso onokwethenjelwa isifo sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi Sulkovicha isampula, ukuthi kuthola ukulahlekelwa calcium umchamo, kodwa manje yaziwa njengenye-non-ethize futhi benqaba isicelo practice isimiso.

Okwamanje kubhekwe inembe kunazo igazi yokuhlola electrolyte: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banake ezifana imingcele kwamakhemikhali njengoba ezingeni phosphatase ane-alikhali futhi serum creatinine. Ukuhlolwa ezikhethekile ngaphezulu iqondiswa ukuze kutholakale izinga vitamin D metabolites futhi hormone we yegilo kanye nezindlala parathyroid.

Kusukela izindlela wezinsimbi zokuxilonga kwenziwe esimweni futhi shin amathambo ibhodi lemisindo, ukuhlola izindawo ukukhula kwamathambo. Ngo yamathambo, zizokwenziwa zibe zikhubazekile, Ukuqina sekuyenzeka zone washintsha futhi lanwetshwa.

ubukhulu isifo

Ezinganeni, kukhona degrees ezintathu zesifo:

1. Yiqiniso Ezintsha. Ingane eyodwa samanje noma izimpawu ezimbili enkothweni, kukhona kwemisipha hypotonia, ukucobeka, kodwa ekukhuleni oluhambisana ubudala.
2. Yiqiniso Lokulingene. Kunezinguquko ezinkulu skeleton esashiwo ukulimala isimiso sezinzwa, izinkinga nge izitho zangaphakathi. Qala ukuze sibonakalise kwezinso ngemilingo futhi ukuliyeka ekukhuleni.
3. Sinzima. Ukuqhubeka anolaka ithambo deformations ukuthi musa abaphindela ngemva yokutakula. Ingane ine ukuntula bokusungula, ukuthuthukiswa singahlangabezani ubudala, ihlukumeza enye izinhlelo yezitho zangaphakathi ekuphenduleni ukwehluleka kohlelo umzimba.

Prevention ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Noma yimuphi umama okhulelwe bangavuma ukuthi ezingemnandi ukuzwa kusuka wezingane zendawo kutholakale ukuthi une - yamathambo. Ukuvimbela lokhu isimo usungaqala kudala njengoba inqubo ethwele ingane. Isimanga kubonakala, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abakhulelwe ngokuvamile abanganaki ngale ndaba. Baphuza izandla i-folic acid kanye izakhiwo multivitamin, kodwa ukunganakwa uhambo aphansi. Kodwa lena zokuvimbela non-ethize yamathambo.

Izinyathelo yilezi ubuthongo njengoba enempilo ebusuku, niphumule amakhefu emini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, obstetricians Kunconywa uhamba okungenani amahora amabili kuya amane endaweni evulekile, kungakhathaliseki isimo sezulu. Kubalulekile ukudla ngendlela efanele futhi ezinhle:

• nsuku zonke ukuze adle inyama noma inhlanzi;
• kukhona inombolo ezanele cottage shizi, ushizi, ubisi kanye neminye imikhiqizo yobisi;
• afake ekudleni isinkwa esimhlophe nemifino.

zokuvimbela Specific yamathambo e abesifazane engozini (eclampsia, isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ezingamahlalakhona ukwehluleka kwezinso) ligcinwe ngokuhlanganyela endocrinology. Ngo yokuthathu yesithathu yabangamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili ukuze amathathu yesibili ngesonto, iqondiswa vitamin D a amayunithi ngamazwe ayizinkulungwane Njalo ngemva kosuku olulodwa amasonto ayisishiyagalombili. Isikhathi, kulesi simo, akuyona ezibucayi. Ngezinye izikhathi linqume izifundo emisebeni ultraviolet, egqugquzela ukukhiqizwa endogenous ka cholecalciferol. Qala nge ezincane, endaweni ethile ikota ibekezelelwe umthamo, kancane kancane zandise izinto kufika ku ngemithamo ezimbili. Sessions aphethwe njalo ngosuku noma njalo ngemva kosuku.

Izinsana

Prevention yamathambo ezinsaneni wenziwa uma umama engozini iqembu ingozi noma cha ukulandela izincomo iseluleko labesifazane ku umbuso wakhe kanye nokudla ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kuleso sibhedlela ingane esinikezwa bolus kumayunithi eziyizinkulungwane ezine cholecalciferol ngosuku ngaphakathi. Futhi bayaqhubeka aphathwe eside kangaka kuze zonke izimpawu zesifo zinyamalale. Khona-ke udlulela umthamo nokugcinwa izilinganiso ezingamakhulu amane ngamazwe ngosuku.

Prevention yamathambo ezinsaneni nge malabsorption vitamin D emathunjini kuhlukile kancane. Kulokhu, lo umthamo wansuku zonke lingafika amayunithi ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi.

ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Kuyinto ukuthi zonke izinkinga izozalelwa umntwana ngaphambi kwesikhathi, yamathambo nekungenelela omunye. Izimbangela, izimpawu, zokuvimbela yalesi sifo ke inezici ezithile ezikhethekile. Njengoba sazi ukuthi imizimba uhlelo kwakhiwa insufficiently, odokotela iqondiswa kuye calcium gluconate (ayisithupha angu-calcium okumsulwa ngelanga kilogram per). Ukuqikelela phosphorus yayo wanezela amathathu angu potassium phosphate ngelanga amakhilogramu esisindo ngayinye.

Qiniseka ukuthi ukuqapha amazinga egazi-calcium ne phosphorus ukuvimbela uthi ezibucayi.

grudnichki

Prevention yamathambo ezinsaneni iyona ukunakekelwa ilungelo ngabo. Okokuqala kumayelana ugibele. Kubalulekile ukuthi ingane sahamba amahora angaphezu kwamane ngosuku futhi ubuthongo endaweni umoya kahle. Uma kungenzeka, abazali kufanele kwesokunxele emgwaqeni ngangokunokwenzeka ingane nqunu, ukuze isikhumba ngaphezulu wadalula esenzweni UV. Ngezikhathi zakusihlwa, ungakwazi ageze ingane yakho nosawoti noma okugeza softwood. Lokhu kunciphisa hhayi kuphela excitability futhi silungiselela wona ebusuku, kodwa futhi kuqinisa amasosha omzimba.

okuphakelayo Ideal ingane ubisi lwebele, njengoba iqukethe zonke izakhi micro Macro kunesidingo, kanye kuyinsakavukela yansuku zonke amaphrotheni, amafutha kanye carbohydrate. Kodwa uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke, kutuswa ukuba bathuthele amafomula kwaguqulwa aqukethe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ezingeni zemvelo phosphorus ne-calcium. Prevention yamathambo ezinsaneni lithembela ngokuphelele ukwazi izifiso zabazali.

Ubudala: kufika unyaka

Prevention yamathambo e izingane ezingaphansi konyaka uku yokudla efanele aphelele, okuyinto kufanele ibe okwanele amavithamini B, A, C, kanye zemifino kanye ezilwane. Izinzuzo imikhiqizo yobisi ngisho ewundabuzekwayo. Kusobala.

Prevention yamathambo ezinsaneni kuyinto, kufaka phakathi yokuzijwayeza asathuthuka futhi ukuze athole ukwelashwa komzimba. Kuyinto ludingeka ekuthuthukisweni avumelanayo uhlelo kwamanyuroni, kukhona ingozi amathambo ukusonteka ngaphansi isisindo ingane, imisipha ukusiza ngokulinganayo ukusabalalisa isisindo futhi ugweme ukuhlanekezela bezakhamuzi lwamathambo. ukuqeqeshwa avamile, ukwenyuka kancane umthwalo nezinye izinyathelo okusebenzayo ukukusiza ukuvimbela yamathambo.

Izimo zokuvimbela

Njenganoma iyiphi imithi,-vitamin D, kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho lomshado. zokuvimbela Specific yamathambo in nezingane akakwazi kwenziwe, uma banaso lesi sifo sitholakale umuntu Williams, Bourne, noma kaltsituriya ngenye idiopathic. Kulokhu, ukulahlekelwa calcium ongakaphathelani ukuntula kavithamini D. yesibili isifo okukhethekile - hypophosphatasia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona izilonda eziphilayo isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, microcephaly futhi craniostenosis futhi hhayi Kunconywa zokuvimbela yamathambo in izinsana. Komorowski agcizelela le udaba ezinkulumo zakhe kabanzi.

Ingane eneminyaka engu amadala kweyodwa

Ungacabangi ukuthi uma ingane yakho ithola abadadlana, ingozi yokuba umzimba iziyaluyalu bahambe. Prevention yamathambo ezinganeni ngemva konyaka iwukuba ekucebiseni Ukudla nge imikhiqizo yobisi Antioxidants (uwoyela inhlanzi, amakhambi, izithelo ezisawolintshi, inhlanzi). Uma kukhona ukwephulwa autonomic nesimiso sezinzwa, ezifana ukujuluka ngokweqile, ngalesosikhathi khetha "Carnitine", "Wisteria", "Panangin" noma Asparkam "ku umthamo zesifunda ngenyanga ukuthola.

Ukuze ukulungiswa ngokomzimba, uma idingeka, kutuswa ukuthatha izidakamizwa "Akti-5." Uqukethe eziyinkimbinkimbi amavithamini is kahle amuncwa wumzimba ingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bezingane ukuncoma massage and elashwe ngokomzimba kokusisiza ukuba sibhekane nesimo nge sengozini lwamathambo kanye iwukudambisa izimpawu.

ukwelashwa

Ungalahli ithemba uma udokotela uye kwatholakala ukuthi unesifo "yamathambo" ezinganeni. Izimpawu, nokwelashwa ke sekuyisikhathi eside lwaziwa futhi yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo emhlabeni wonke. Ubani athuthukile izidakamizwa ezifana "Akvadetrim", equkethe Vitamin _D3. It is kahle kubekezelelwe izingane, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngaphandle ingozi yokweqisa. Ngaphandle kwakhe, emakethe namuhla abe abekho embonini yokwenziwa kwemithi "Devisol", "Vigantol", "Videin-2" kuyinto isixazululo uwoyela kavithamini D. Bonke babe Izimo, ngakho qiniseka ngaphambi kokuthatha bonana nodokotela wakho.

ukweqisa izidakamizwa

Ukwelashwa, zokuvimbela yamathambo kungase kungafaneleki, bese kukhona ukweqisa izidakamizwa kavithamini D. Ingane izimpawu athuthukile ubuthi, ezifana isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuhlukumeza ka sezinyawo kanye nokugcinwa umchamo. Endabeni ka ukuthola lezi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso wena kumele ngokushesha lazise ukunakekelwa wabantwana eyinhloko futhi ukuhlolwa igazi kokuqukethwe calcium-plasma. Ungakwazi ukwengeza ukuba ucwaningo kanye Sulkovicha isampula, nakuba akufakwanga protocol ejwayelekile.

Ngemva kokuchaza ukweqisa izidakamizwa imithi wagumbuqela isikhashana bese ubuza abazali ukuze kukhawulwe izizinda nokudla. Akubalulekile ukubheka futhi aphathe okweqile e ingane yabo yamathambo. Prevention ingafeza ihlaya elibi nabazali ngokucophelela kakhulu.

luhlolo emitholampilo

Izingane nge kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini "yamathambo" kuyadingeka ukubeka ku-akhawunti emitholampilo ngemuva iza emitholampilo laboratory yokutakula. Ngenxa kushuba bemiphumela lokugada balabo bantwana uqhutshwa kungakapheli iminyaka emithathu kusukela osukwini khulula. They bizela ukuvakashelwa njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu.

By the way, sitholakele "yamathambo", zokuvimbela yayo kanye nokwelashwa ungeyena contraindication ukuba yokugoma isimiso. Into esemqoka - ukuxwayisa udokotela ozokwenza i kwabathinta, futhi isazi sezifo zezingane.

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla yamathambo inkinga akuyona njengoba sibi njengoba engaphezu kweyikhulu edlule, kodwa namanje ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngobudedengu nalesi sifo kungabangela ukukhubazeka. Ngenhlanhla, kwakungekho ngaphandle kwesithi makubuse ibalazwe kwezingane "yamathambo." Prevention nokufundiswa ngezempilo umsebenzi wenziwa ezingeni elifanele, esinikela ekwati abazali abasha, ukuphaphama kwabo mayelana impilo ngenzalo yabo. Ngisho noma kwenzeka nenkinga enjalo, umuthi zingatholakala ngasiphi ekhemisi, kanti impumelelo ukwelashwa incike indlela abazali bafuna lo nesineke kancane.