Uhlelo elanga. I motion sobala mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini: imithetho achaza ukuhamba kwamaplanethi

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu abanentshisekelo ezinyakazayo sobala mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini: Sun, Moon nezinkanyezi. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi izinto ngeke Ubukhulu bezulu nomhlaba. siqu isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga sibonakala likhulu kakhulu, elula amamayela ayizigidi zezigidi ezine ukusuka elangeni. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ilanga - kungcono nje-wokuhamba omunye nezinye izinkanyezi eziyizigidi ezakha i-Milky Way.

i-Milky Way

Galaxy ngokwayo limelela isondo kuwubufakazi obunamandla bokuthi uzungeza kusukela igesi, uthuli unezinkanyezi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-200. Phakathi kwabo welula izigidigidi amamayela yindawo engenalutho. Ilanga zigxilé emaphethelweni emthaleni, okusikhumbuza Kuvunguza: phezulu kuyi-Milky Way libukeka isiphepho giant ujikelezisa zezinkanyezi. Kuqhathaniswa usayizi emthaleni, isimiso sonozungezilanga liphansi kakhulu. Uma sicabange ukuthi ubukhulu ye-Milky Way abavela eYurophu, Solar System akuyona ezinkudlwana ngobukhulu ngaphandle ziyadliwa.

Uhlelo elanga

Ilanga namaplanethi 9 - iziphuphutheki ayahlakazeka kwelinye direction kusukela enkabeni yalo mthala. Njengoba iplanethi lumayelana inkanyezi yaso, njengoba nje izinkanyezi orbit galaxy.

Sun kuthatha iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-200 ngesivinini 588.000 ngehora ukuze wenze umjikelezo ogcwele ngalesi carousel Galactic. Akukho okukhethekile, Sun yethu akuyona ihluke kwezinye izinkanyezi, ngaphandle kokuthi has a inyanga, iplanethi okuthiwa Earth, zokuphila. Emhlabeni Sun omise yabo uphendukisa amaplanethi ezincane nezinto zasemkhathini, ababiziweyo asteroyidi.

Kokuma lokuqala izinkanyezi

Indoda ibukele ezinyakazayo okusobala ezisemkhathini imihlola emkhathini babe okungenani iminyaka engu-10,000. Ingeyokuqala zemihla ngemihla izindikimba zasezulwini uvele eGibhithe lasendulo nalapho Sumer. AbaseGibhithe bakwazi ukuhlukanisa esibhakabhakeni Zintathu izinhlobo zemizimba: ". Izinkanyezi kusuka imisila yawo" izinkanyezi, amaplanethi Khona-ke izinto ezisemkhathini atholakele Saturn, i-Jupiter, i-Mars, Venus, Mercury, yebo, ilanga the Moon. I motion sobala mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini - it is kuhlongozwe kusukela ukunyakaza emhlabeni lezinto ngokuhlobene Ukudidiyela uhlelo, kungakhathaliseki ukujikeleza diurnal. Okwamanje, ukunyakaza kwezindikimba zasezulwini - ukunyakaza kwabo emkhathini, inquma isinyathelo amabutho umzimba.

umthala ebonakalayo

Egqolozele phezulu esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, ungabona umakhelwane wethu abaseduze - emthaleni i-Andromeda - ngesimo Kuvunguza. I-Milky Way, naphezu lingakanani, ingenye nje zemithala kwezigidi eziyizi-100 endaweni yonke. Ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa isibonakude, ungabona ezintathu yomthala wethu futhi. Ababili babo uqambe elikhulu futhi Small Magellanic Google. Bakhandwa abonakale kuqala emanzini eningizimu e 1519, uhambo isihloli isiPutukezi Magellan. Lezi imithala encane ujikeleza i-Milky Way, banjalo umakhelwane wethu abaseduze cosmic.

Umthala lwesithathu iyabonakala eMhlabeni, i-Andromeda, kude nathi ekukhanyeni-eminyakeni engaba ngu-2 million. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kwezinkanyezi sihamba Andromeda izigidi zeminyaka zokusondelana Earth wethu. Ngakho, sicabanga le Umthala lokho kwaba iminyaka 2 million edlule.

Ngaphezu kwalezi imithala ezintathu ebusuku ungabona ingxenye ye-Milky Way, emelelwe izinkanyezi eziningi. Ngokusho amaGreki asendulo, leli qembu izinkanyezi - ubisi ebeleni unkulunkulukazi Hera, kungakho igama.

amaplanethi Kubonakala ne-Earth

Planet - nendikimba ethile esemkhathini azungeza Welanga Lapho sibona Venus esikhanya esibhakabhakeni, livela neqiniso lokuthi zikhanyiswa ilanga beats kwelanga. Venus - iyona Evening Star noma i-Morning Star. Abantu ukuyibiza ehlukile, ngoba kusihlwa futhi Kusihlwa yayingena, ekuseni ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Njengoba Venus ujikeleza Sun futhi eshintsha indawo yayo. Usuku lonke kukhona ezinyakazayo okusobala izindikimba zasezulwini. Celestial Ukudidiyela uhlelo awugcini nje ukuqonda isikhundla ukukhanya, kodwa futhi ikuvumela ukuba amabalazwe inkanyezi ukuzulazula esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ngoba nemilaza kanye ukutadisha ukuziphatha izinto ezingcwele.

Imithetho achaza ukuhamba kwamaplanethi

Ukuxhumanisa ndawonye kokuma nemibono mayelana ukunyakaza kwezindikimba zasezulwini, abantu baletha imithetho yomthala wethu. Okutholakele ososayensi abaningana baye basiza-United States wokufunda ukunyakaza ebonakalayo kwezindikimba zasezulwini. Imithetho achaza ukuhamba kwamaplanethi, evulekile Johannes Kepler, babephakathi imithetho yokuqala yezinkanyezi.

sezibalo isiJalimane sezinkanyezi, kwaba iphayona kwalesi sihloko. Kepler wafunda umsebenzi uCopernicus ngekhompyutha ezungeza i-indlela engcono kakhulu yo- echaza ezinyakazayo sobala mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini - i lesiyingi, baletha imithetho konozungezilanga, eyaziwa emhlabeni wezesayensi imithetho Kepler sika. Ababili babo zinezikhathi ukuhamba orbit kule planethi. Bafunda kanje:

1. Kunoma iyiphi iplanethi uzungeza kuma-i lesiyingi. Kwelinye igxile yayo kukhona ilanga.

2. Ngamunye wabo idluliswa ngendiza edabula phakathi kwelanga bekanye nalowo nezikhathi efanayo engaba Vector phakathi kwelanga iplanethi lamatshwayo endaweni alinganayo.

Umthetho wesithathu kwamaplanethi esemkhathini idatha link ngaphakathi ohlelweni.

amaplanethi Lower kanye engenhla

Ukutadisha ukunyakaza ebonakalayo kwezindikimba zasezulwini, i-physics lubahlukanise ngamaqembu amabili: ephansi, okuyizinto Venus, Mercury, futhi phezulu - Saturn, Mars, Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus futhi Pluto. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini emkhakheni kwenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngokuhamba ukunyakaza waphawula iplanethi ezungeza amanothi aphansi ashintshe izigaba efana inyanga. Uma ugudlula phezulu amaplanethi kuyabonakala ukuthi shift isigaba ungakakwenzi, bahlale waphendukela abantu bakhe ohlangothini ukukhanya.

Earth, kanye Mercury, Venus ne-Mars, uyilungu leqembu okuthiwa amaplanethi kwangaphakathi. Zenza ematfuba emhlabeni Sun omise yangaphakathi, ngokungafani amaplanethi ezinkulu orbit omise yangaphandle. Ngokwesibonelo, Mercury, okuyinto izikhathi 20 ezincane kuno Umhlaba ujikeleza Sun ngesikhathi orbit yangaphakathi.

Lezinkanyezi ezinomsila kanye emkhathini

It uzungeza ilanga, ebe ngaphandle amaplanethi izigidigidi ice amabhlogo ehlanganisa igesi yiqhwa, amatshe amancane uthuli - inkanyezi enomsila, okuyinto ugcwele zesimiso sonozungezilanga. I motion sobala mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini emelelwa lezinkanyezi ezinomsila kungabonwa kuphela lapho besondela ilanga. Khona-ke umsila yabo iqala ukuba ashise okumqoka esibhakabhakeni.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo - Halley sika Comet. Njalo eminyakeni 76, eyaphi izungeza zakhe eduze kwelanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungabonwa ukusuka eMhlabeni. Ngisho esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, ungacabanga emkhathini ngesimo flying izinkanyezi - ke Clumps ndaba ukuthi ukuhambisa ngokusebenzisa yonke ngesivinini esikhulu. Uma befika namandla adonsela phansi ensimini eMhlabeni, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ushise. Ngenxa Isivinini kakhulu nokungqubuzana nge air emhlabeni emgodleni emkhathini sebefudumele futhi iba yingxenye yomhlabathi ku izinhlayiya ezincane. Inqubo omlilo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ngesimo isiqeshana elikhanyayo.

Uhlelo lokuqeqesha ngokufundwa kwezinkanyezi nomkhathi uchaza ezinyakazayo okusobala izindikimba zasezulwini. 11 ekilasini isivele ujwayelene imithetho, okukhona ngokunyakaza eziyinkimbinkimbi amaplanethi, ushintsho izigaba kwenyanga kungaphezu imithetho.