Imithetho emizweni. Izinhlobo nezakhiwo emizweni

Indoda inentombi ikhono ukubona izwe hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuwuzwa. Ukuzama ukuqonda izinhlelo esikuyo inzwa, utadisha bese ifunda ke ngesikhathi, njengoba ososayensi ukufunda imizwelo yabantu, angenamkhawulo futhi angaphatheki. Nokho, lezi zikhonzi isayensi bathole emizweni incazelo, zonke zibekwe phezu emashalofini, izakhiwo ezikhonjwe nokubukwa, futhi wathola amaphethini ezinye.

Uyini umqondo

Okokuqala, cabangela lokho kusho umuzwa womuntu. Lena ngokuyinhloko inqubo psychophysical ibonisa isenzo oqondile lezinto kanye izenzakalo zezwe impahla imizwelo. Ngosizo lwabo umuntu ubona wonke umhlaba osizungezile. Lapha kungenzeka ukunikeza nomqondo imizwa, amaphethini okuyinto asembulela kanjani ukusebenzisa analyzers umuntu efunda futhi baxhumana imvelo.

Analyser - kule yunithi yokwakheka bokuphila othola umthelela iyiphi ezishukumisa nezwe futhi siguqule kubo ku emizweni. Nguye siqukethe le izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Neuropathy Division - receptor.
• Ezizwelayo nerve izindlela.
• Izingxenye emaphakathi isimiso sezinzwa.

Ngokulandelako, cabangela izinhlobo nezakhiwo emizweni.

izinhlobo emizweni

Kuye lapho receptor zitholakala, zikhona lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ubuhlungu:

• Interoceptive. Kutholwe ngaphakathi ezicutshini zomzimba kanye nezinhlaka, futhi aphendule izinguquko ezenzeka kubo.
• Exteroceptive. Receptor esisogwini ebusweni umzimba futhi sisabele ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle.
• Proprioceptive. Receptor atholakala imisipha nemisipha.

Nge izinto zomhlaba ngaphandle luhambisane emizweni organic. Ziyakwazi umthombo amaza, kudala isifiso futhi zihlukaniswe izinhlobo:

• Olfactory. Receptor yavusa gaseous ukuhogela izinto.
• Ukubeka amabala. zinengxenye receptor Visual.
• Ukunambitheka. Okuzwa ukudla sijabulile ukupheka amakhemikhali.
• Ukuzwa. Receptor ezihilelekile analyzer acoustic.
• Okuthintekayo. receptor Okuthintekayo ezazivuswa ukushukuma ethintekayo.

izakhiwo emizweni

I izakhiwo ukuthi kukhona esivela emizweni:

• Ikhwalithi. Ithola izinga into ebangela emizweni. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu bezibona izici.
• Ukugxila. It kuncike amandla nomfutho futhi yokwamukela ukuzwela. Ikhwalithi kanye ukushuba emizweni abanobuhlobo obuseduze.
• Ubude besikhathi. It kuncike emandleni kanye ukushuba umthelela, isimo yokwamukela kanye nenkathi.
• Kwasendaweni. Noma yimuphi imizwa abe izinhlayiya ivuselela indawo ngekwendzawo.

Imihlobo nezakhiwo emizweni, uqhubekela amaphethini. Uyini analyzer ubuhlobo ukuthi inquma ukuthuthukiswa izinqubo cognition kanye nombono wezwe?

Imithetho emizweni

kuphakama imizwa ngesikhathi izinguquko ezenzeka receptor bedle ukunyakaza emhlabeni noma izinzwa kuphela.

amaphetheni eziningana emizweni bungabonakala:

• ukuzwela imibundu.
• Kudivayisi.
• Ukuxhumana.
• Sensitization.
• Ukugqama.
• Synesthesia.

Futhi manje sibheke ngamunye wabo.

ukuzwela

Umbundu ukuzwela - buhlobene ukushuba emizweni namandla abakucasulayo izici. Akuwona wonke umfutho kungadala umuzwa, ngakho zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana.

ukuzwa imibundu:

• Lower ngokuphelele. It ephawula indlela ebucayi le analyzer. Lokhu emizweni ezicashile ezibangwa amandla engezansi umfutho.
• Upper ngokuphelele. I ephansi umbundu, wayesheshe azwele. Upper embundwini ngokuphelele - mandla umfutho lapho lokujabulela ahlale.
• Umbundu ukuzwela yehluke ngokwengeziwe. Lesi sengezo sakugcina ngezikhwepha zamandla ashukumisayo lapho babe neze umehluko obonakalayo ukubonwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokwandisa noma ukunciphisa umsindo.

Kuye ngokuthi umsebenzi phambi indoda, usebenzisa la noma onemizwa imibundu. umfutho ngokomzimba kungaba ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kombundu isasasa.

lithathelwe

Ukuzijwayeza iyona ushintsho ukuzwela ngesikhathi ukuchayeka umfutho. Kulokhu, imibundu ukuzwela zizoshintsha. Imithetho emizweni ngeke kube khona kungekho lokhu impahla.

Ngokwesibonelo, thina ukuzivumelanisa, engena kancane kancane emanzini abandayo. Noma ikhuphuka izinyawo, ukujwayelana ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi.

Izinga eliphezulu lithathelwe e yokwamukela izitho olfactory futhi ethintekayo. Lower kusukela acoustic analyzer receptor.

I lithathelwe flavour ezahlukene eza ngasinye aphenduka ngejubane elingafani. Kungase yingozi enkulu lithathelwe umzimba ukuze lokujabulela ubuhlungu, kodwa ngokwezinga ezincane kuyisici sobuntu emzimbeni.

Ukuze lithathelwe ukukhanya kuphelela khona ebumnyameni ukuhlangabezana receptor we analyzer ezibukwayo. lithathelwe Khanyisa akudingi sensitivity high, angeke kushiwo mayelana idivayisi.

Ukuze ihlanganise isilinganiso ebalulekile excitation futhi okusithiyayo e cortex cerebral, lapho zitholakala izindawo eziyinhloko kuzo zonke analyzers. Kukhona into okuthiwa lokungeniswa uhambisane mutual. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi idivaysi kwenzeka reflex okunemibandela.

Umahluko we ukushukumisa synaesthesia

Uma umuzwa ojulile izinga ziyashintsha bedle umfutho ngaphambi noma concomitant, khona-ke kungenziwa ngokuthi i nalokho emizweni.

Ngemva isiphuzo esibandayo kulungele kithi kubonakala ashisayo. Ngemva amnandi ngokulambisa omuncu sweet kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, ukukhanya kungemuva elimnyama kubonakale okukhanya mnyama ngaphezu emhlophe.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ukumisa ngokushesha umphumela isici kuyacasula akakubangeli a ukumisa besikhashana ukushukuma izinqubo receptor. Uma sikhumbula umthetho lokungeniswa, inqubo unyathela amabhuleki ku izinzwa ujabule kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kancane kancane. Ukuze ukubuyisela kokuqala ukuzwela umbundu, ngizodabula izigaba eziningana excitation futhi okusithiyayo yoshintsho lokungeniswa.

Synesthesia - okungukuthi, ngenxa umphumela omunye umfutho, isici umuzwa enye. Ngakho, ukuzwa umsindo, sethula umfanekiso othile. Abaculi ukudala imidwebo, ekuhumusheni umculo ku imibala. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu babe namakhono anjalo. Synesthesia usikhombisa ukuthi zonke uhlelo analizatorskie zomzimba womuntu kuxhumene.

подчеркивают зависимость и значимость анализаторских систем от их функционирования под действием раздражителей. I izakhiwo kanye nesibonelo emizweni agcizelele kwencika nokubaluleka analizatorskih izinhlelo kusukela ukusebenza kwawo ngaphansi isenzo ezishukumisa.

Nokuxhumana ukushukumisa sensitization

Ukuzwela ivame ukuba ziyahlukahluka. Ngakho, ushintsho ukuzwela elilodwa yokwamukela bedle abanye libizwa nokuxhumana emizweni.

Engaqinile umsindo ezishukumisa ukwandisa nozwela photoreceptor. Futhi lapho zihlatshwa receptor eqinile sokuzwa analyzer iso ukuzwela incipha. Engaqinile ukunambitheka ezishukumisa ukwandisa ukuzwela ezibukwayo. Lesi sakamuva luphakanyiswa ngaphansi kwethonya ezinye flavour, ukuthi ukunuka ezishukumisa. It is eyaziwa ukuthi uzwela anda ubuhlungu sokuzwa ezintweni, ethintekayo, olfactory futhi receptor ezibukwayo.

Inqubo sensitization - ukwenyusa ukuzwela esebenzisa umzimba njalo, kanye nokuxhumana analyzers.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi kukhona okubi kakhulu nozwela ezinye izinhlobo ukuzwela isinxephezelo nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma umbono ezaziwayo.

Sensitization kungenzeka kweminye imikhakha yobuchwepheshe. Ungakwazi ukuqeqesha ukuzwela yakho.

Ngakho, kunezindlela ezimbili sensitization yilezi:

• Isinxephezelo ukungakhuli sezinzwa.
• Izidingo ngenxa umsebenzi othize.

Futhi lapha akunakubangelwa Umsebenzi wokuzijamela ku ngcono emizweni.

iphethini emizweni kudala izimo ezidingekile bezibona egcwele umhlaba.