Ataxia - Iyini? Izimpawu kanye nezinhlobo ataxia

Ataxia - it is hhayi ephelezelwa ukukhubazeka dysmotility, okuyizinto izici isici isigqi iziyaluyalu futhi ngefanelo nangokuvumelana. Kuhunyushwe kusuka lesiGreki elithi ataxia kusho "nezinxushunxushu" futhi "nesiphithiphithi".

Nale uphethwe ukunyakaza babe ongalingani, sezimiso, olungalungile, ngokuvamile uhlushwa ukuhamba, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho inkulumo. Cabanga ngalokho izinhlobo ataxia ume futhi yiziphi izici zabo.

ataxia Friedreich sika

Friedreich sika ataxia - a zofuzo okubangelwa isifo esithinta izinzwa, okuyinto kufakazela uhlamvu ezithuthukayo. I ukubonakaliswa yokuqala lesi sifo lacaca esikhathini ambalwa emashumini yokuqala yokuphila.

Okokuqala, kukhona ukwephulwa wesandla futhi Gait. Nokho, izingane, kwembule ukuhlukumeza wokubhala kunzima ngenxa yokuthi uthi yena kwakhiwa ngokugcwele okwamanje. Ngokuphathelene Gait, isiguli kuleli cala kudingeka ukusekela, wayelokhu wahosha. Zonke nokuhamba kwezindikimba imilenze nomqwayiba ezingaphezu kuka eqhubekayo.

Kutfutfukisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukungakwazi ame (astasia) ngisho ukuhamba (Abaza). Nokho, lona wamuva siwukubonakaliswa ejwayelekile yebo ngokushesha okuqhubekayo sifo ezigabeni zokugcina.

izinguquko Kubhekiwe kabuhlungu emgogodleni, okuyinto ebaluleke ikakhulu intsha, lapho inqubo lasungulwa is hhayi kuqeda okwamanje. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva isiguli ngenxa yokwehluleka emsebenzini kwamanyikwe ukuthuthukisa sikashukela. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho ngenxa yezinguquko esiwohlozayo ku gonads kwenzeka hypogonadism. Ezigabeni yokugcina ataxia ijoyina ukuphazamiseka visual ezivukayo ngenxa izinguquko esiwohlozayo ku-optic futhi oculomotor izinzwa. On top of ukuthi, ngenxa kulimaze ukuba izinzwa ubuchopho eba komqondo.

Ukunqotshwa kwe-cerebellum

ataxia Cerebellar - ukuphazamiseka ngefanelo nangokuvumelana, ukuthuthukisa kanye ukunqotshwa main eziveza umthwalo ke, umzimba - ubuchopho cerebellum. Kwezinye izimo athuthukile ushintsho oluncane, futhi kwezinye - lubucayi kakhudlwana futhi ezisindayo.

Ukuthuthukiswa ataxia enjalo kwenzeka umbono ezungelezela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene cerebellum inqubo sokugembula. Ngokuvamile cerebellar ataxia ukuthi nginesifo encephalitis, izifo cerebellar semithambo, yi-multiple sclerosis, abulalayo izimila ebuchosheni, ubuthi, kanye nezifo ezithile umsuka zofuzo. Ukwabela 2 izinhlobo ataxia cerebellar - static kanye ashukumisayo.

Imvelo kazibuthe ataxia cerebellar

ataxia Cerebellar obonakaliswe umbono kazibuthe zokunciphisa imisipha ithoni. Isiguli enqubeni kuba nzima isikhathi eside ukuze uhlale endaweni eyodwa, njengoba naye ashushiswa ukwephulwa ezincane ngefanelo nangokuvumelana. Indoda ihamba izinyathelo ezibanzi kakhulu futhi kuyabamangaza like isebujameni lokudakwa. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, isiguli lesi sifo akakwazi ukuhlala ame, ngoba, hhayi kokuba amandla ngisho ukubamba ikhanda, njalo falling. ataxia Static e ezinzima phuca ikhono lesiguli ukugcina ukulinganisela bebodwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngefanelo nangokuvumelana akuphazamisi yini isiguli ngamehlo evulekile noma avaliwe.

Imvelo othakazelisayo ataxia cerebellar

Amyotaxy athuthukile ukubandakanywa hemispheres cerebellar enqubeni sokugembula. Uma ezihlukahlukene iziyaluyalu isifo Coordination kuyagcinwa kuphela lapho ukunyakaza komzimba. Lost ukunyakaza bushelelezi futhi enembile, basuke eshanela futhi zizimbi. Discoordination futhi ekunqandeni ukunyakaza waphawula ohlangothini ethintekile. Ukuze ataxia ashukumisayo libhekene hypermetric (ngokweqile, traffic aphikisanayo) adiadohokinez, promahivanie nenhloso eliqhaqhazelayo futhi inkulumo iziyaluyalu (iziguli nokukhuluma behlisa ngokuphula amazwi ku amaqoqo).

Esikhathini nesineke emi nokuhamba is baphambukile ku ohambelana ezilimele Nenkabazwe cerebellar ohlangothini. Ishintsha wesandla lesiguli: iba anolaka, ngokugqamile, izincwadi ezinkulu. Kuyinto ukunciphisa okungenzeka umsipha ikhaliphe.

ataxia sezinzwa

Lokhu ataxia - ukuphazamiseka ukunyakaza, lapho ushintsho Gait kwenzeka ngenxa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa emilenzeni, okuyinto is phetho nezinzwa neuropathy, iluphu medial, izinsika akha izimpande posterior we nomgogodla. Isiguli engazizwa isikhundla imilenze, futhi ngenxa yalokho nobunzima kokubili uma uhamba futhi uma ime. Njengomthetho, ukuthi umile lemilenze ububanzi ngaphandle futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ungagcina ibhalansi kuphela ngamehlo evulekile, kodwa uma uvale ke umuntu uqala ukuba azulazule futhi amathuba okuba uwele (uphawu omuhle ka Romberg). Lapho uhamba, iziguli futhi yeqa kanye bawaqukule kuphakame kakhulu kunalokho ezidingekayo, futhi wagalela liye phambili nasemuva. izinyathelo zabo ziyisiliva anobude obungalingani, unyawo ngokuthinta phansi, ukushicilela imisindo ngokuthwebula. Isiguli ohamba ngokujwayelekile isebenzisa induku ukwesekwa kanye egoba ezimbalwa hip emalungeni esifubeni. Gait ukuphazamiseka babhebhethekise zamehlo. iziguli uvame azinze, jika futhi bayasilela lapho ukugeza ubuso bakho, njengoba novala amehlo akhe, balahlekelwa isikhathi ukulawula ezibukwayo.

ataxia spinocerebellar

Le nkulumo ibhekisela sebuningini motor iziyaluyalu ezivukayo lesinyenti ngenca ischemic CNS ukulimala noma hypoxia perinatal. Ukugxila kushintsha Gait zingahluka futhi kuncike kobukhulu kanye nohlobo lesion. Ngakho, ukukhanya kungabangela ukulimala Babinski elinganiselwe, kukhuphuke umsipha ikhaliphe, hhayi ephelezelwa ushintsho olukhulu endleleni Gait. izilonda Olubanzi futhi kakhulu ngokuvamile kuhilelani hemiparesis emaceleni. Izinguquko zenzeka futhi Gait ukhiye isici paraparesis.

cerebral palsy edonsa ukunyakaza iziyaluyalu kuhilelani izinguquko Gait. ngaleyo ndlela Iziguli kukhona ukunyakaza okungalindelekile yezingalo nemilenze, okuyinto ahambisana grimaces ebusweni noma entanyeni Ukujikeleza ukunyakaza. Njengomthetho, imilenze enwetshiwe nezingalo bent, kodwa lokhu asymmetry esitho kungase sobala kuphela ngemva ngokuqaphelisisa isiguli. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye ingalo lungaboniswa futhi pronated kanye nezinye supinated futhi flexed. Isikhundla quin yezingalo nemilenze futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho ebheka yakho bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene.

ukuxilongwa ataxia

Ukuze uphethwe usebenzisa zokupopola ezifana:

• MRI zobuchopho;
• ubuchopho electroencephalography;
• ukuhlola DNA;
• electromyography.

Ngaphezu kwanoma yiziphi izindlela ezishiwo kuyadingeka ukuthatha ukuhlolwa igazi, ukuhlolwa Ochwepheshe ezifana isazi sezinzwa, wezifo zengqondo kanye ophthalmologist.

ukwelashwa ataxia

Ataxia - isifo esiyingozi kakhulu idinga isinyathelo ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukwelashwa okuyinto uqhuba wezinzwa onguchwepheshe, okungcono siyefana futhi kuhlanganisa izindawo ezilandelayo.

1. Bokubuyisana therapy (anticholinesterases, "Cere" ATP, amavithamini B).
2. ikhasi lesikhwama sasekhaya kuvinjelwe izinhlobo ezahlukene yezinkinga (yoma futhi contractures kwemisipha, isibonelo) ekuthuthukiseni ukuhamba futhi nokudidiyelwa, nokugcina ukulolonga umzimba.

ejimini Special umsebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi umsebenzi yokwelapha, inhloso okuyinto ukunciphisa incoordination nemisipha eqinisa. Lapho olukhulu ukwelashwa indlela (ukuhlinzwa izimila cerebellar, isibonelo) kungalindeleka ukululama esinqunyiwe noma ephelele noma okungenani ayeke inchubekelembili olwengeziwe.

Ngo ataxia Friedreich sika, ikhumbula pathogenesis lesi sifo, ingafeza omkhulu indima izidakamizwa inqophe ukunina umsebenzi mitochondrial ( "riboflavin", vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, succinic acid).

Onalesi sifo lesi sifo

Ukubikezela izifo lokuyithola njengefa ngempela okungekuhle. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma ingenzi lutho, iziyaluyalu neuropsychiatric intuthuko kuphela. Abantu kwathiwa unesifo "ataxia", izimpawu zazo ngeminyaka baba evelele, njengoba umthetho, ziyancipha kakhulu ikhono emsebenzini.

Nokho, ngenxa yokuphathwa kabi lingaze, kanye nokuvimbela ukudakwa, ukulimala kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo, iziguli siphile size siguge.

zokuvimbela

Ukuthatha izinyathelo ngqo ataxia engenakwenzeka. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuze avimbele ukuqubuka kungenzeka kanye nokuthuthukiswa isifo ezinzima ezithathelwanayo (sinusitis, otitis, inyumoniya, isibonelo) uyakwazi ingqondo ataxia.

Kuyadingeka ukuba ugweme imishado igazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ematfuba ukudluliswa ataxia lezinceku kusuka umzali nengane, futhi ngoba ngokuvamile iziguli welulekwa ukuba ayeke kuphumela ekuzalweni kwezingane zabo futhi wamukele ingane yomunye umuntu.

Ataxia - lokuphazamiseka okukhulu esithinta izinzwa, lapho ufuna ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Yingakho ngokushesha lesi sifo sezihlonziwe, ngcono isiguli ukuba sezulu.