Imihlume - indalo esiyingqayizivele bemvelo

Imihlume - izitshalo siluhlaza lezihlahla, sehlela emngceleni emikhawulweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele futhi kwaguqulwa ekuphileni kungasaziwa njalo zidlule. Zikhula kufika ku-15 metres uphinde uthele kancane abe fancy izinhlobo izimpande: enokuziphakamisa (Uphakamisa isihlahla ababezohlala kuyo ngaphezu kwamanzi) futhi ephefumula (pneumatophores) athé inhlabathi, efana utshani iyavuleka umoya-mpilo.

Bambalwa izitshalo iphila emizini engekho amanzi anosawoti, kodwa lokhu akusebenzi imihlume. Baye basungula zokuhlunga izindlela. Amanzi ukusivumela izimpande zabo, iqukethe esingaphansi kuka 0.1% usawoti. Lo sawoti asele ehlukanisa amahlamvu ngokusebenzisa uthayela ekhethekile obumba zinhlayiya emhlophe phezu.

Inhlabathi ezimila imihlume, njalo egcwele amanzi, akukho-mpilo ngokwanele. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, amagciwane anaerobic isehlane nitrogen, phosphate, insimbi, i-methane ne sulfides t. D., Ukudala eyinqaba nephunga izihlahla. Kulahleke i-oksijini izimpande, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, ethathwa emoyeni, kanye nezakhi - enhlabathini.

Amaqabunga lezi zitshalo - ezinzima, obunesikhumba, amnandi, luhlaza okotshani. Ikhumbula usawoti enhlabathini kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi ahlanzekile, basuke ingashintshwa ukuze elinganiselwe umswakama ukulahleka. Amahlamvu ungalungisa degree of stomatal ukuvulwa ukwenza negesi lokushintshisana in the inqubo ye-photosynthesis, uphinde uphendule, ukugwema ashisayo ilanga imisebe.

Imihlume sikhule zigaba, ngalinye elikwazi ubuswa uhlobo oluthile. Lokhu kungenxa nobuningi kanye nesikhathi izikhukhula, ubunjalo substrate amanzi (enesihlabathi esiningi noma enodaka), izilwane zasemanzini ngokuxoxa (e zemifula). 'Hwebani phambili Rhizophora ne izinkuni abomvu, umbala okuyinto kunqunywa okuqukethwe eliphezulu tannin. Lolu hlobo ingaphansi kwamanzi mayelana 40% of the time. Lokhu kulandelwa Avicenna lagulyarii et al.

Indlela uncharacteristically self lomhlume isihlahla, nezithelo (imbewu) ke engavamile. Basuke embozwe ngendwangu womoya, lapho kukhona babhukuda isikhathi esithile, ukushintsha kwabantu bayo, uma kunesidingo. Imihlume Abaningi - "viviparous." imbewu yabo kungukuthi ahlukaniswe emthini ihluma. Yisithombo noma uhamba ngaphakathi izithelo noma izithelo ngaphandle nibonakala kubantu nilungile ngokusebenzisa. Ngesikhathi wayekulungele azikhandle ngokuzimela inikwa amandla yi-photosynthesis.

Nqamula emthini (ngokuvamile phakathi tide ongaphakeme), le yisithombo uwela futhi ngokushesha fixed enhlabathini. Noma wathumba amanzi, mhlawumbe kude ehloniphekile. He is olukhuni ukuze ulinde isikhashana sisihle ngonyaka singagxila.

Imihlume ukukhonza njengephayona uyisiphephelo kwendawo yemvelo ukuze izilwanyana eziningi. Ulwelwe, ama-oyster, barnacles, izipanji, bryozoans ezidingekayo ukuze unamathisele okuthile filtration ukudla. izimpande Multiple zinhle kakhulu lokhu. Inhlanzi yasendaweni eshisayo, eyisinambuzane, izinyoka atholakala emanzini eduze izinhlelo impande. Amagatsha esihlahla ixazululwe hummingbird, frigates, zopholi, ama-gull, kanye nezinye izinyoni.

Imihlume, ngokushesha ukwakha emahlozini, ukuvikela ogwini kusuka ukuguguleka komhlabathi ngokulima amagagasi ulwandle. Basuke ukuvala e phezu kolwandle, uwine emuva amasayithi yakhe entsha. izimpande ezinabantu ezihlangene bekholelwa okubangelwa daka, ukuthuthukisa amanzi enhlabathini. Bendawo usebenzisa izwe okukhishiwe, udala ipulazi kakhukhunathi izintende, ezisawolintshi nezinye izitshalo.