Alderfera theory: incazelo, izici kanye Ukucaciswa

Isisusa - yisici ucwaningo ukuthi unesithakazelo Psychology ososayensi emhlabeni wonke amashumi eminyaka. Ziyakwazi ayafisa impela ukwazi kahle ukuthi amabutho ukushayela ziyisisekelo yokuziphatha kwabantu, uyini isigaba sabefundisi izidingo zomuntu, lokho kuyinto umthelela wabo ukuziphatha.

Yiziphi izici Alderfera ithiyori?

Enye yalezi abacwaningi kuyinto nososayensi waseMelika Clayton Alderfer. umqondo wayo kwezinye izindlela afana ukubukwa ka-Abrahama Maslow. Nokho, inkolelo-mbono kuyinto Alderfera izidingo mbhoshongo ehlanganisa amayunithi ezintathu kuphela. Lokhu izidingo ekuphileni, nomphakathi kanye ukuphishekela ukukhula kanye nokuthuthuka. NgesiNgisi, lo mbono luchazwa ngegama esithi ERG ngokuvumelana izinhlamvu ezintathu dolobha kulezi zakhiwo (Wayekhona, Relatedness, Nokwanda). Esaziwa kakhulu ke njengoba eningi ugqozi theory Alderfera (okuqukethwe isho noma yiluphi ulwazi umqondo, ukuhlola izisusa kanye nezidingo umuntu).

izidingo ekuphileni

Lolu Phiko luqondene i analog kwegciwane amazinga e mbhoshongo Maslow. Ngo Alderfera sifaka izidingo bokuphila, kanye nesidingo nokuvikeleka. Ukwanelisa izidingo sokudla, amanzi, ubuthongo, ukuphepha - zonke izithako ezibalulekile adingekayo ukusebenza evamile umzimba. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela ugqozi Alderfera, oqala incazelo izidingo lokuqala iyunithi, kakhulu uvumelane esasisandulele.

Ngokusho Alderferu, labo basebenzi abasebenza kuphela ngenxa ukugcwalisa lezi zidingo, abanasithakazelo okuqukethwe zomsebenzi. Basuke ngokuya benaka akhokhe, izimo zokusebenza, amathuba uphumule emsebenzini.

izidingo zomphakathi - ukuqashelwa, ukubandakanya

Leli qembu lihlanganisa zonke izidingo ezikhona maqondana isimo sabo emphakathini, ubudlelwano zazo siqu. Sekuyisikhathi eside luthole ukuthi sokuthuthukisa ngempumelelo umuntu kumele abe yingxenye yalo lonke - iqembu yokuzijabulisa imincane, uhlanga, ukuba nibe ngabakaJesu umphakathi lochwepheshe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isidingo ukuzethemba nokubonwa kwabanye, kanye ukuphepha iqembu. ithiyori Maslow futhi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela Alderfera kwehluke kulesi sici: ukuphepha iqembu engxenyeni yokugcina unit yesibili.

Njengengxenye yezinkampani isiko izidingo kulesi sigaba kungenziwa agcwaliswa ngokusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi emsebenzini, kungenzeka yokuxhumana. Le ndoda uqala ukubheka indawo yakhe yomsebenzi, hhayi nje njengomuntu umthombo engenayo. Unomuzwa ukubaluleka komphakathi.

Lapha kukuhle ukubuza umbuzo Clayton Alderferu: I kazi Ungagcwalisa isidingo ekuboneni eshodayo yemali kusukela umsebenzi, ngubani kufanele ukondla izingane futhi ngaleyo ndlela akhokhele?

izidingo ukukhula

Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa zonke izifiso komuntu ukuthi zihlobene iSilekeleli Sokwazisa. Kubonakala isifiso sokuba ukuzethemba kanye nenhlonipho emphakathini. Nokho, kumelwe kube ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa siqu yomuntu, bakhe ukuzethemba.

Imfundiso idinga Alderfera uthi: abantu abaye wabusa lolu hlobo ukusetshenziswa, udinga indlela ekhethekile yokusingatha. Bona ukubabela ubuholi nokubonwa yezinga lazo kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba umvuzo futhi wakhuthaza kokufaneleka yabo.

Umehluko phakathi eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma esingebalwe kubhekwe lungasho

Maslow wagomela, cishe, futhi ngesizathu esihle, kuthi, uma ekhona izidingo aphansi zinganeliswa, indlela ubuyise funa ephakeme ivaliwe. Ngakho, ukuhamba e mbhoshongo yayo kwenzeka kusukela ephansi kuya amabhlogo ephakeme.

Ngo Alderfera umqondo ibhizinisi lihlukile. Njengoba kushiwo, uma unganelisekile izidingo ephakeme, ephansi futhi ube efanele. Lokhu ukuhamba umcwaningi kungenzeka zombili izinkomba. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umuntu singahlangabezani yisidingo sokukhula professional, ke kuba nesidingo esiphuthumayo ukuxhumana nomphakathi. Ngakho, hhayi ukukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo oyedwa, inkampani ihlose ukugcwalisa lokhu ukwaneliseka igebe nezinye izidingo.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, imfundiso Alderfera Abantu kabanzi baye baphika isicelo emkhakheni wokuphathwa yenhlangano. Akwaziwa anecdote ethandwa okuyinto kancane ubonisa indlela efanayo endaweni yebhizinisi. Umthengisi lifundisa oqeqeshwayo abangenalwazi walitshela ukuthi ngokungabi bikho umkhiqizo oluyohlala esikhundleni enye. Lapho umthengi esitolo uyafika ucela toilet paper umdayisi oqeqeshwayo uthi: "Uxolo, ayikho iphepha yangasese. Kodwa ngiyakwazi ukunikeza lokukhuhla kakhulu. "

Lapho izidingo unmet zabantu uhlangabezana ukukhungatheka - isimo sengqondo esibi psycho-ngokomzwelo lapho ebhekene nezithiyo.

Imfundiso idinga Alderfera uveza ukuthi, naphezu ukukhathazeka ukungakwazi ukwanelisa isidingo ezingeni eliphakeme, umuntu liyakwazi ngokuhlela njalo hlangana ezihleli izidingo.

Concept Alderfera futhi ukwehlukana kwabantu ngabanye

Ukulandela lesi logic, uma umuntu akakwazi abone isidingo sokuphenduka iSilekeleli Sokwazisa ke uqala ukuhlangabezana nezidingo esiphezulu aphansi. Uma yena obiza, isibonelo, unjiniyela noma umhlengikazi, akakwazi ukwanelisa isidingo sokuba self-actualization, ihlawula ukuntuleka ngezinye izindlela. Okusho ukuthi, izenzo zayo kumelwe uhambisane kwaqedwa izidingo oda aphansi: uyonishiya ikhanda uxhumane nabangane, imicimbi yomphakathi, ukuze yanelise ngokwabo yobuthongo, ukudla, inombolo enkulu labantu ozibandakanya nabo kwezocansi.

Omunye Kumelwe ngivume ukuthi lo algorithm akuyona eyinqaba somuntu ngamunye, okuyinto nginqume amathuba sifinyelele isimo self-actualization. Othile, mhlawumbe, ngeke abonise ukuziphatha efanayo, kodwa ngokwezinga elikhulu liphinde ngenxa izici oluchaza, ezingeni ukuvuthwa okungokomoya, ukuba khona noma ukungabi ezindaweni inkinga kwezinye imikhakha yempilo.

Ukuze umuntu evamile enempilo, isibonelo, ubulili noma ukudla (isidingo ye-oda lokuqala) akasoze esikhundleni ukusondelana ngokomzwelo (isidingo ye-oda yesibili). Futhi, uma isimo self-actualization akunakwenzeka ukuba esikhundleni ephelele (akungeni esikhundleni) nezidingo eziyisisekelo amayunithi. Kulokhu, ngeke kwenzeke uma engekho yabo - Mancane amathuba okuthi ukuhlonipha kusukela umphakathi noma bafeza emsebenzini wakho kahle nxephezela ekulambeni nasekomeni.

Lo mbono ngokomthetho yamukelwe wezesayensi futhi kunezinzuzo ezithile. Kodwa alisetshenziswa kabanzi ngokwanele uma eqhathaniswa nomqondo Maslow. Theory Alderfera futhi kungase kutholakale - I-isisekelo bekungewona inombolo ezanele izifundo imininingwane ebanzi. Ngakho, it has kokubili ngebuhle nebubi. Yisebenzise emsebenzini noma cha - umuntu ngamunye kumelwe azinqumele.