Ukugaya okunamandla kwamithombo. Ukubhoboza okuqondiswe ngokugcwele. Ubuchwepheshe bokudoba obukhulu

Ukushayela iyingxenye ebalulekile yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezahlukene, izakhiwo zezimboni nezokuhlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kusebenza kuyadingeka ezimweni lapho kunesidingo khona ukusungula ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi endlini ehlanganisiwe, engeke ibekwe yi-water central ngesikhathi esizayo. Ngokwehlukana kufanele kuqaphele ukugodla okugxile kwamithombo, okuqhubekayo kusetshenziswe eminyakeni yamuva.

Kuyini?

Uma uchaza ngokuphazima kweso, le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uqhube imithombo ethile yokuxhumana ukuze amathanga kanye nokulahla kwenhlabathi kungabonakali ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziselwa ukufakwa okukhethekile okukwazi ukungena emhlabathini kwanoma yibuphi ubunzima ngaphandle kokulimaza ungqimba olungenhla lomhlabathi. Isikhathi somsele onjalo singafinyelela amakhilomitha amaningana!

Ukuze wenze ukugoba okuzungezile kwamithombo, ama-UGNB-4M noma ama-UGNB-3M4 amayunithi asetshenziswayo, amandla awo enza ukuba kube lula ukuvula "ukusika", okungamamitha ayizimbalwa ezimbalwa, emgodini ongamamitha angu-450 ububanzi nangaphezulu. Emva kwalokhu, amapayipi ajojelwe emgodini ovela kwi-polypropylene ephezulu yokucindezela noma insimbi.

Kungani ukugaya okugxilile kudume kangaka?

Kusukela ekubukeni kwezobuchwepheshe, imithombo ehamba phambili inezinamba eziningi zezinzuzo ngaphezu kwezindlela zakudala zokwenziwa komsebenzi. Okukhulu kakhulu ukuthi le ndlela yokugaya ayifaki ukubhujiswa komhlabathi ongenhla. Lokhu kunikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokubeka emithonjeni ngaphansi kwezinqolobane nezindawo ezinezinhlabathi ezigeleza mahhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokudoba okuyizingqimba kuhilela ukufaka imigodi ngaphansi kwemigqa yamandla noma amapayipi omlilo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izindlela zokudoba ngokuvamile azivumelekile ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, kanye nesidingo sokuxhumana ngaphansi kwe-overpasses, amabhuloho nezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekile.

Uhlangothi lwe-bureaucratic lombuzo

Akumangalisi ukuthi zonke izinzuzo ezingenhla zifaka isandla ekwenzeni okulula kokuthola wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo ekwenzeni umsebenzi ezinkambeni eziqondisayo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi ukubhoboza izimbobo ezingenakulinganiswa akudingeki ukuvimbela ithrafikhi, okuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amakhulu, lapho ukugxila okugxilwe khona kokubeka ipayipi kusetshenziswa yonke indawo.

Ngisho noma kukhona isibuko samanzi angaphansi komhlaba emhlabeni, lokhu akusona isithiyo sokugaya. Kusukela imishini yamakhompuyutha eyinkimbinkimbi yanamuhla isetshenziselwa le njongo, opharetha angaqhuba umgodi ngamaphutha angama-millimetric, ngaphandle kokushaya i-aquifer.

Isici sezomnotho

Uma sikhuluma ngecala lomnotho wecala, ngaleyo ndlela le ndlela inezinzuzo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, iyunithi eyodwa yokuqondisa eqondayo isiza izikhathi eziningana ukunciphisa inani labasebenzi abadingekayo emsebenzini, okugcina imali. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ama-brigades abantu abathathu bayokwanela ukumba. Qhathanisa lokhu nokubeka okujwayelekile komgodi, lapho abasebenzi abasizayo kuphela bengadinga okungaphezu kweshumi nambili!

Kusukela isikhathi sokugaya okuhamba phambili kuhamba kancane, unganciphisa kakhulu izindleko ezilinganisiwe. Izindleko zamathuluzi, imishini kanye nokudla kwabachwepheshe ngeke zibe zincane. Uma uthola wonke amadokhumenti okubuyisana okudingekile, uzokwazi kusengaphambili mayelana nayo yonke imigwaqo emhlabathini, uzokhululeka nesidingo sokulungisa ukuxhumana okonakalisiwe, okufakwe ngaphambilini, ngezindleko zakho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokugaya enezingqimba kusiza amahora ambalwa ukubeka ipayipi ngaphansi komgwaqo omkhulu omatasa, ngaphandle kokubhubhisa ukufakwa kwayo.

Yiziphi izigaba zomsebenzi?

Ukuze umsebenzi wenziwe ngendlela ephumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka, kubalulekile ukwenza zonke izinyathelo ezilandelayo ngokulandelana okucacile.

• Okokuqala, zonke izinto zilungiselelwa, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, isampula yomhlabathi okudingekayo yokuhlaziywa senziwe.
• Benza "i-puncture", okunye okubizwa ngokuthi yi-pilot kahle.
• Ububanzi be-puncture buyanda kancane kancane.
• Donsela amapayipi emgodini ophumela.
• Esigabeni sokugcina somsebenzi, ukuxhumana okutholiwe kuhlolwe futhi kwamukelwe.

Sibuye siphinde sikhumbule ukuthi ukubhoboza kahle kahle okudingekayo kudinga ukunamathela ngokuqinile emiyalweni, ngaphandle kwalokho kungase kuvele izinkinga. Ukuze siqonde kangcono isimiso salolokudoba, sizohlala kancane kancane esigabeni ngasinye.

Isigaba sokuqala sokugaya

Njengoba sesishilo kakade, kubalulekile ukutadisha izindawo zomhlabathi endaweni ozoqala ngayo ukubeka kahle. Ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi kudinga ukwaziwa ngokuningiliziwe, ngoba ukujula kokubeka kwezokuxhumana kuncike ngokuphelele kulokhu. Ukuze unqume izinga lokubamba kwenhlabathi, ochwepheshe bekhala ngokuqondisa. Uma ukuhlaziywa sekuphelile, ungathola zonke izimvume ezidingekayo ukusebenza kuhulumeni wakho wendawo. Esigabeni esilandelayo, ukugoba kahle okugxile kuhilela ukubeka kahle okuthiwa umshayeli.

Isivivinyo "ukusika"

Konke, emva kwalokho kuqala ukubeka umshayeli, umshayeli wezindiza kahle. Njengomthetho, inhloko encane yokugaya isetshenziselwa lokhu. Ukunyuswa kwalo kulula ukulawula: ikhanda lixhunywe kubha, ukuhamba okuvumela ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kokugubha. I-bar ngokwayo ipayipi, ingxenye ngayinye yayo ingafinyelela amamitha amathathu, futhi ububanzi bungama-60-80 mm. Njengoba izingxenye zingaxhunyaniswa, uma kunesidingo, zanda.

Njengoba kudingeke ukuba kudlule izingxenye zomhlabathi onzima kakhulu ngamatshe amaningi, singancoma ukuthenga amakhanda okugwedla ngamadwala ngothuli lwedayimane futhi enziwe ngama-alloys akakhulu. Naphezu kwezindleko zabo eziphakeme, uzobuya ngokushesha imali, njengamamodeli ajwayelekile ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu ngokushesha.

Indlela eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke yokudoba iwukuba udlule ngokunembile ngangokunokwenzeka emgwaqweni obekwe ngabanjiniyela. Muva nje, ukugaya okuqondile okusetshenziselwayo okuvame ukusetshenziselwa kakhulu, okusiza kakhulu lo msebenzi onzima.

Iyini okuyisisekelo sokubamba ukuqondisa?

Icala ekhanda lokukhanda elikhethekile: linomshini wokukhipha ngaphakathi, isibonakaliso esivela kulo mishini yokuthola yomqhubi. Ngokushesha lapho umzila uphambukela ekuhlelweni okungenani ngamamitha ambalwa, isixwayiso siboniswa masinyane esibonini. Njengoba noma yikuphi ukugaya kubandakanya ingozi yokubhujiswa kwenhlabathi nokuwa, ukuvikela emiphumeleni enjalo engalungile, sebenzisa i-bentonite (isixazululo esikhethekile sokumisa).

Ngokuyinhloko, ukugaya okugxilwe phansi komgwaqo kuhilela ukuthi kusetshenziswe, ngoba ngaphandle komhlabathi umgodi cishe uzowela ngaphansi kwesisindo somgwaqo kanye nokududuza kwezimoto ezidlula.

Isivivinyo sanda kanjani?

Sitshele kakade ukuthi ngemuva kokuthi "ukukhishwa" isilingo kufanele kukhuliswe ubukhulu obukhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-expander ekhethekile. Kubalulekile! It welula ngendlela ehlukile, ehamba kusukela ekupheleni komthombo odibeneyo ekuqaleni. Isimiso sesenzo saso sifana nalokhu okwenyukayo: uma uhamba, ithuluzi lijikeleza, lihlukanise izendlalelo ezingaphezu kwenhlabathi.

Nakani! Ukuze kufinyelele kalula ngokusebenzisa umbhobho we- borehole ophumela , ububanzi be- expander kumele budlule usayizi wawo cishe ngo-30-35%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ububanzi bezokuxhumana esikhathini esizayo bukhulu kakhulu, abuvunyelwe ukuvula ngokushesha ithuluzi lobubanzi obukhulu. Kulesi simo, amaphrothi amaningana aqhutshwa kancane kancane, bese ekhula kancane kancane.

Ukubeka kwepayipi

Cishe noma yikuphi ukugaya okuqondiswayo okuphelile kuphela nge-gasket emgodini otholakale wamapayipi. Inqubo ngokwayo iyathakazelisa kakhulu. Kanti futhi kusukela ekupheleni komthombo kuthuthukisa i-expander. Ukubamba ipayipi kufakwe kuso. Ngakho-ke, ngosizo lwemishini yokuqapha kanye nomqhubi, ipayipi iqala ukudonsa emthonjeni esifundeni esifuna. Opharetha angakwazi ukulungisa ibha yokuqondisa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ukulungisa noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kusuka kwenkambo yangaphambilini.

Yiziphi amapayipi angasetshenziswa?

Ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, sesivele saphawula ukuthi amapayipi ase-polymer asetshenziswe kakhulu. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Okokuqala, zihlala ziqinile kakhulu kunezihlobo zabo zensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-polypropylene ingaba cishe amashumi eminyaka ukuze ilondoloze ukuqina kwamakhemikhali ngokuphelele. Mane nje, umzila wamanzi onjalo ngeke uphume noma yiziphi izinto ezilimazayo emanzini.

Nokho, kunezimo lapho kunesifiso sokusebenzisa izinhlobo zensimbi. Ngokuphathelene nokubeka ukuxhumana, okuzodlula ukushisa okuphezulu okushisa, kanye nezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali. Amaplastiki amaningi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo isikhathi eside akakwazi ukuma, aqale ukuqubuka nokuwa. Lesi sibalo sibonisa umklamo olula womthombo oqondile.

Isigaba sokugcina somsebenzi

Uma yonke imisebenzi isuqedile ekuqaleni komsebenzi, sekuyisikhathi sokulungisa wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo futhi unikeze into ekulungele kumakhasimende. Onjiniyela abaqeqeshiwe kuphela abavunyelwe ukwenza lokhu, okungaveza ukulungiswa kobuchwepheshe kuyo yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa. Le mfuneko iphinde ihlobene neqiniso lokuthi ukuxhumana okuphambene kufanele kube nokuxhumana okuqondile endaweni ekhonjisiwe kumadokhumenti afakwe kuphrojekthi ehanjisiwe.

Iziphi izilungiselelo ezisetshenziselwa umsebenzi?

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningi zemibukiso yemishini enjalo, ehlukaniswa yimingcele eminingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinkampanini zezinkampani ezinkulu ezimbonini uzokwazi ukuthola amakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhanda okukhishwa esikhundleni angenawo ama-emitters yamandla ahlukene, amabhajethi eguquguqukayo ayenziwe ngama-hard alloys anezikhwepha ezengeziwe, njll.

Maye, izinkampani zethu zaqala ukukhiqiza le mishini kuphela phakathi nawo-2000, lapho imakethe isivele ihlala nemikhiqizo evela eJalimane, eU.SA naseFrance. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube yimanje, lokhu kukhishwa kakhulu yiqiniso lokuthi ngokwezimpawu zamandla kanye nezindleko, noma yikuphi ukugaya okugxilwe ngokuqondile kwe-Russian ukukwazi ukunikeza ukuqala kwekhanda kubalingani bangaphandle.

Ngokuvamile, izinkampani zokwakha ezweni lethu zizithenga. Isizathu asikho ngisho nasekusekeleni abakhiqizi basekhaya, kodwa ekuzivumelaneni kahle kwezithombe zaseRashiya ezimo ezifuywayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ezimweni zensimbi zokudoba eziseningizimu zivame ukuhamba ngokushesha kunabalingani baseRussia. Njengoba kunikezwe ukwehlukana kwentengo ehloniphekile, imali yokugcina imali iphuma ngokuphawulekayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yasemakhaya ilula kakhulu futhi ishibhile ungathola kokubili ukuhlinzeka kanye nezingxenye zokungcebeleka uma kwenzeka ukuhlukana.

Amamodeli asetshenziswe njalo

Okuthembisayo kakhulu kunamhlanje ukubhoboza izigxobo zamamodeli alandelayo:

• I-UGB-2M4, i-UGB-2MG. Zihluke ekunciphiseni kwabo ngokweqile nangamanani aphansi. Okuhle kakhulu ezinkampanini zokwakha ezincane, azidingi izindleko ezinkulu zokuqeqesha abasebenzi.
• I-UGNB-3M4, i-UGNB-4. Lezi zindlela zibiza kakhulu, kepha cishe ziphinda ziphinda ziphinde zenzeke ama-unit angaphezu kwezindleko ezibiza kakhulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi zifanelekile isimo sezulu sezulu esibucayi.

Qaphela ukuthi kunoma yikuphi okwenzayo ulungiselele opharetha abashayeli, futhi ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kwenziwe kuma simulators engokoqobo nangokwesimanje. Ukucabangela ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kubalulekile ukubeka imigodi ngamamithamitha kusuka kwezinye izinto eziyingozi (izintambo eziphakeme zamandla, isibonelo), ukukhanya okunjalo akubuki njengokungcola kwemali. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma usebenzisa izimbambo zangaphandle zokugaya, ngoba ukuboniswa kwabo kokulawula akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi kunembile.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke izindleko zivele "zishaywe" ngokushesha. Cabanga ukuthi ungalondoloza kanjani imali, uma ngesikhathi esifushane ubeka amapayipi ngaphansi kwemigwaqo noma izakhiwo! Uma kunjalo lapho kusetshenziselwa izindlela zokugaya zakudala, ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha inyanga engaphezu kwenyanga ukuze imibhalo ihlelwe kuphela!