Nemibuso yezombangazwe bobushiqela kanye kobushiqela, izici zabo futhi umehluko

Umqondo authoritarianism yethulwa kwegazi phakathi ososayensi XX leminyaka zombusazwe Frankfurt School. Babesikisela ukuthi imibuso yezombusazwe kobushiqela kukhona iqoqo izici inhlangano yezenhlalakahle kanye ikakhulukazi ubuhlobo engavamile abantu neziphathimandla. Ngaphansi definition ezihlongozwayo, a ezifana uhlobo senhlalo kanye nesimo esihluke emibonweni ka yelinyenti yeliciniso. Nokho, izici i kobushiqela wezombusazwe kungabonakala uthi abaningi ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka emhlabeni. Ingasaphathwa isipiliyoni ezijulile zomlando lesintu. Izimpawu ze-wezombusazwe kobushiqela

• Lokuhlushwa wawo wonke amandla ezandleni umuntu oyedwa noma iqembu elincane: i-Junta lempi, umashiqela ematheni umholi zenkolo nokunye.

• Ukwehlukanisa Amandla ngamagatsha Okusizayo ezimele, yebo, etholakalayo.

• Kuleso simo ngokuvamile ukuyiveza wangempela ukuphikiswa amandla. Nokho, lokho akuvimbeli ukuthi ukhona upopayi ukuphikiswa sekukhomba nje isimo ngaphansi kokulawula neziphathimandla. Ngokuvamile, nguhulumeni ngokwayo okuqalwe okubizwa ngokuthi ukhetho mbumbulu - ukuthi ubambe umcimbi nazo zonke izimfanelo esisemthethweni, ukudala inkohliso ukhetho fair, okuyinto, empeleni abe simo pre-okuhleliwe.

• ukuphathwa komphakathi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngesimo izindlela umyalo-zokuphatha.

• nemibuso yezombangazwe kobushiqela ngokuvamile ukumemezela intando yeningi zabo, lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela amalungelo nenkululeko yezakhamizi zakuleliya lizwe njengoba. Nokho, isivikelo sangempela practice, akunasiqiniseko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni uqobo yephula le amalungelo yombango emkhakheni wezepolitiki.

• Amabutho zokuvikeleka kungukuthi ukuvikela umphakathi kanye amalungelo ezakhamizi kanye nokuvikelwa ukuhleleka (ngokuvamile isinyathelo izakhamuzi zayo).

nemibuso yezombangazwe bobushiqela kanye kobushiqela

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kobushiqela isimo igunya kunqunywa eziningi ngezizathu. Ukungabi noma ubunikazi komunye wabo alanele ukuze sifinyelele iziphetho. nemibuso yezombangazwe Ngokuvamile kobushiqela ukubizwa kobushiqela. Futhi nakuba ezinye izici ezivamile, akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. amandla kobushiqela uhlezi phezu ubuntu umholi (noma abaholi leqembu), imfanelo evumela ukuthatha futhi uyibambe. Nokho, uma ukuqedwa (ukufa) umholi iqembu noma ukubusa umbuso kobushiqela njalo ingakuzwa ukuguqulwa njengoba beyizindlalifa ayikwazi ukubambelela amandla.

lo mqondo kobushiqela kusho isiqalo nesigcino: ethé chithi saka ukulawula isimo ngokuphelele yonke imikhakha yempilo yomphakathi. Ngokulawula izinqubo of komphakathi ezakhamuzi zayo, isimo wobushiqela kungase kudingeke ugqozi ngokunemba ezehlukile yenkambo yaso. Ngakho, asikho isidingo ukuze baqedwe ngonya yezakhamuzi abafundile enkulu emibonweni yabantu nasendleleni kwangabi bikho ophikisayo ukuthi eziphoqelelwe elite eliphakeme. Futhi umholi ubuntu akunandaba, is abalulekile ukulawula elite kuphela phezu inhliziyo yomphakathi.