Nenkululeko kanembeza nokuhlangana nenkululeko yenkolo. Amalungelo esintu izakhamuzi Russian

isimo ngasinye kungenziwa libhekene degree of nenkululeko yezakhamizi zakuleliya lizwe. Kuze kube manje, lesi simiso kuyisici esibaluleke emazweni amaningi. Nokho, kwakuba nezikhathi lapho inkululeko yomuntu siqu nje ayikho. Kulokhu, ukuphila komuntu kwaba neziqondiso eziqinile iziphathimandla isimo. Yiqiniso, lesi simo kwaba untenable. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini ngezikhathi zanamuhla ubhekwa izinguquko. Njengoba abantu baqale ngenkuthalo balwele amalungelo abo kanye nenkululeko. Lesikhatsi lesi ngezinga elithile kuze kube yilolu suku. Kodwa ngekhulu xxi amalungelo esintu kanye nenkululeko anikezwa futhi sigcinwe uthi abaningi.

I Russian Federation iyathinteka kulokhu. Impilo yansuku zonke izakhamuzi zawo kusekelwe neshaya zathuthuka kanjani ngokuhamba kweminyaka ye nezimiso zomthetho-sisekelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyizipho kubaluleke kakhulu ophathelene nenkululeko kanembeza nengokwenkolo. Bona ukuqinisekisa amalungelo abantu abalulekile, kanye nethonya eliqondile imisebenzi yalo ebalulekile. Kodwa inkululeko kanembeza futhi inkululeko yenkolo akuzona kuphela kwezinkambiso ethile yomthetho eziyisisekelo, futhi lonke uhlelo wesi normative lobudlelwane ethize zomthetho umphakathi.

UMthethosisekelo kanye nemithetho yayo

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inkululeko kanembeza futhi inkululeko yenkolo - okungukuthi, okokuqala kunakho konke, yomthethosisekelo kanye ezisemthethweni noma Imigomo esekelwe phezu kwayo ukwakha komuntu ngamunye kanye nomphakathi wonkana we Russian Federation. Kulokhu, ukhiye ulingisa emthethweni oyisisekelo. Nguye ophilisa umfanekiso isigaba. Kuyadingeka ukuze agcizelele ukubaluleka soMthethosisekelo. Kuyinto isenzo ephakeme amandla ngokomthetho, okuyinto baqinise amalungiselelo isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona kanye zomthetho yezwe. Izimiso soMthethosisekelo futhi ube amandla aphakeme futhi awumgogodla yekubeka emazinga endaweni ehlukile. Uma sikhuluma ngamalungelo nenkululeko ukuthi wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, le PPA ekhishwe kule sithombe, akumelwe aliphule amathuba lomthethosisekelo umphakathi, okuhlanganisa nenkululeko kanembeza nokuhlangana nenkululeko yenkolo.

Izimiso isimo ngokomthethosisekelo ngabanye

Izinto ezenziwa abantu kuzo zonke izimo kumele kwenziwe ngaphakathi komthetho. Zonke eliphuma Ngasemdeni kuyoba icala. Izinhlinzeko main elawula umsebenzi umuntu, kuyinto isimiso nomthetho-sisekelo. Ibonisa ematfuba lahlukene ukuthi ziphethwe sonke. Ngesikhathi isimiso esifanayo ngokomthethosisekelo zisebenze sphere ezahlukene yokuphila komuntu. Lawo malungiselelo eziyisisekelo ukuthi ngqo iqondise khona emphakathini, ngokuthi izimiso isimo ngokomthethosisekelo ngabanye. Ziyakwazi zakudala, futhi ngandlela-thile amalungiselelo eziyisisekelo umthetho eziyisisekelo. Ezinye zalezi zimiso yilezi ezilandelayo: ukulingana, inkululeko yokukhuluma, amalungelo kuhlukaniswa, ukugwema imikhawulo amalungelo, amandla eqinisekisa, nenkululeko kanembeza nokuhlangana nenkululeko yenkolo.

Kuyini nenkululeko yokholo nonembeza?

Umthetho Russian zamanje enamathiselwe eziningi zezimiso eziyinhloko ngenxa yokuphila sabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMthetho-sisekelo, njengoba sazi, uqinisekisa inkululeko kanembeza, inkululeko engokwenkolo. Ezimweni eziningi, abantu musa siqonde ukuthi ziyini umqondo okukhulunywe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amathuba eyethulwe abantu abakulezo inkambiso olulodwa ngokomthethosisekelo, zingabantu izakhiwo ezingokomthetho ezihlukile ngokuphelele. Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa umqondo wabo. Inkululeko kanembeza - yikhono ukuba noma iluphi uhlobo lwenkolelo, okungekho muntu ongaphunyuka kuso nomthelela. Futhi inkululeko engokwenkolo yithuba ukuzijayeza iyiphi zezinkolo ezikhona.

Ubunikazi imiqondo

Kwaphela isikhathi eside ilungelo lenkululeko kanembeza kwahlonzwa ngesimo a ifanelwe olulodwa. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukuthi imigomo baqiniseka alinganayo. Nokho, lesi sitatimende kungamanga. Inkinga iwukuthi inkululeko kanembeza libhekene yethuba lokuba umuntu ukuba imicabango yabo nezinkolelo ezingefani yimiphi imicimbi kanye nezimo ezisizungezile ke. Okungukuthi, ngamunye wethu unelungelo eligcwele ugxeka uhulumeni wamanje, umthetho, emnothweni, nokunye. N. Uma sikhuluma inkululeko engokwenkolo, esinazo emqondweni ithuba unfettered ukuze sibe umlandeli iyiphi izinkolelo zenkolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simiso ivikela izikhonzi umthetho. Phela, ngokusho kwakhe, akekho ongasisebenzisa acindezelwa ngenxa yezinkolelo zabo, njll sazi izici ethulwa, singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi inkululeko kanembeza - .. Kuyinto izinto ngokuphelele ezahlukene.

Umlando kumiswa izimiso

Ukuthuthukiswa inkululeko engokwenkolo neyokuqhuba unembeza kwenzekani isikhathi eside. Isimiso sokugcina eladabuka esikhathini yeziNguquko eYurophu. I ideologists bale nhlangano umangalele ukuthi iSonto LamaKatolika, nezinkolelo zawo futhi isigaba sabaphathi wayengafuni umphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlinzekwa lenkululeko kanembeza kubonakala IsiZulu Bill of Rights kanye le Declaration of Human Rights, okuyinto yasungulwa eFrance. Yiqiniso, ukhiye kulolu hlu -Universal Declaration of Human Rights UN. Ukuthi main ngamazwe iyithuluzi elingokomthetho owenza izindlela isimiso esethulwa. Ngokuphathelene inkululeko engokwenkolo, bese ngisebenza esinye isikhathi eside kulesi sikhundla yasungulwa njengengxenye ithuba ukuba izinkolelo zabo. Nokho, ososayensi bathole ukuthi i eRoma yasendulo kwakukhona ezazidingeka isimiso inkululeko engokwenkolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi uye waba negalelo ukwakheka English Mthetho wokwamukela, le ngqungquthela Warsaw, esinqumweni Russian "Ngo eqinisa ukubekezelelana benkolo baqala", ukuqedwa of the Empire, Russian ku Pale ka Settlement, nokunye. N.

umthetho Russian ophathelene nenkululeko kanembeza nenkolo

Uma sikhuluma ezweni lethu, kodwa kulezizinsuku ke itfutfukise luhlelo yonke imithetho efanele, okuyinto lokulawula izinkinga okukhulunywe ngaye esihlokweni. Ngokusho kohlelo lomthetho olukhona, nezindaba ethulwa lezonhlelo yimibandela wemikhakha ezahlukene zomthetho, okuyilezi:

• izinhlinzeko zoMthetho-sisekelo;
• Civil Code of the Russian Federation;
• umthetho kahulumeni efanele.

Okokuqala, umthetho Russian ophathelene nenkululeko kanembeza nenkolo unamathele ezingeni ngokomthethosisekelo, okungukuthi yiSigaba 28. Ngokusho bezimiso zawo, wonke umuntu Siyaqiniseka unelungelo lobunikazi izinkolelo zabo siqu, nokunye. N. Kulokhu, inkululeko engokwenkolo libhekene yokuthi umuntu unikezwa ithuba lokukhetha ngokukhululeka , basakaza izinkolelo elihambisana uhlamvu.

UMthetho Federal "Inkululeko Kanembeza Nobudlelwane"

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ku Russian Federation kunemithetho esifanele, alawule amandla civil emkhakheni wenkolo futhi imibono yabantu yangaphakathi. Njalo is zoMthetho Federal "Inkululeko Kanembeza Nobudlelwane Obungokwenkolo." UMthethosisekelo Ngemva lesi senzo angabizwa ngokuthi main umxhumanisi ubudlelwane abafanele. Lokhu umthetho kahulumeni usungula uhlobo oluthile ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi inkululeko kanembeza. isenzo sayo sisekelwe yokuthi WaseRussia iyisimo wokuziphilisa, okuyinto akufanele kube benkolo ephezulu noma linqoba. Ngakho-ke kuvunyelwe inkululeko egcwele yokusekela ezenkolo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umthetho okukhulunywa futhi ulawula umsebenzi onjalo isihloko esithakazelisayo njengoba izinhlangano zenkolo.

izinhlangano Ikakhulukazi zenkolo

Emelelwa umthetho ophathelene nenkululeko kanembeza iqukethe imithetho elawula imisebenzi amaqembu athile emphakathini. Lezi izinhlangano zenkolo. zokwakheka ezifana nayo izigcawu njalo yokuzithandela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amalungu inhlangano kumele kube umhlali endaweni we Russian Federation futhi ukusebenzisa lasungulwa nokushunyayelwa jikelele ukholo ezithile. Ngaphezu kokuba inhlangano ethile yenkolo kubhekwa ngenxa yalokho, uma ikhona ngezinhloso ezilandelayo, okuyilezi:

- imikhuba emikhosini;

- imfundo yenkolo;

- isivumokholo etc ...

Kulokhu, umsebenzi izinhlangano zenkolo kungase kumiswe ngesinqumo zikahulumeni efanele, uma kuphambene nomthetho wamanje isiRashiya, noma kwephule amalungelo nenkululeko yezakhamuzi.

Unikeza inkululeko kanembeza nengokwenkolo

Amalungiselelo soMthethosisekelo kanye nemithetho ekhona fixed inombolo amalungiselelo okuyinto qinisekisa ezishiwo yiSigaba kwamalungelo wobuntu. Okokuqala, okuqinisekisiwe inkululeko kanembeza, inkululeko yenkolo ehlinzekelwa kuMthethosisekelo. Uqukethe imithetho kanye nezimiso ezilandelayo ukuqinisekisa:

• inkululeko kanembeza yinoma ubani asikwazi kungagcini, ngaphandle isidingo yomphakathi;
• noma yimaphi amalungelo noma ubandlululo endaweni inkolo ayikwazi ukungabi;
• abantu abakwazi ukuxhumana othandweni lwazo ngokuya zenkolo;
• Confession ivikelwe umthetho futhi uyimfihlakalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho kahulumeni "Inkululeko Kanembeza Nobudlelwane" Ubuye eziningi kugada. Ngo iningi zoMthetho isenzo normative iyaphindwa ngokomthethosisekelo, kodwa kukhona ezinye izici. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokomthetho, umuntu Ungashintsha okunye enkonzweni yezempi, uma kuphambene izinkolelo zakhe ezingokwenkolo.

Isibopho ukwephulwa kwamalungelo enkululeko kanembeza

Eqinisekisa samakhono abantu kusho ukuthi ukhona amazinga ambalwa Noma kunalokhu kuvikeleka kwezomthetho, esizibonakalisa wemfanelo ezahlukene focus imikhakha ekhona esifundazweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo linendima ebalulekile ngokwalo a ukwephulwa kwelungelo lenkululeko kanembeza futhi inkululeko engokwenkolo neyokuqhuba imiphumela emibi ukuthi kubangela. Endaweni yokuqala umthwalo wemfanelo kuMthethosisekelo, okungukuthi Ingxenye 5 Article 3. Ngokuhambisana imisebenzi yayo evamile okuhloswe ukuba kuthiye ukugcwaliseka lilungelo lesintfu lekutfola inkululeko kanembeza, kuhambisana ukusetshenziswa kodlame kuyinto yisigwebo umthetho kahulumeni. Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo kuyinsakavukela, kunezinhlobo of icala zokuphatha kanye nomthetho wezobugebengu. Esimweni sokuqala, icala ezishiwo yiSigaba 5,26 Ikhodi Administrative Amacala. Ngokuphathelene necala lobugebengu, lapha indima esemqoka eyadlalwa kuyinsakavukela Article 148. It olandela imisebenzi okuyinto yenzelwa isithiyo noma ukwephulwa kwelungelo lenkululeko kanembeza futhi inkululeko yenkolo.

Ukwahlukana neSonto noMbuso

Inkululeko unembeza nenkolo, kukhona emagama ngokwanele emazweni lapho ibandla abahlukaniswanga nezombusazwe. Emazweni ezinjalo, izimiso okusesihlokweni esithi, empeleni ezifanayo. Isibonelo ingashiwo Sheriyat, ogxile kokubili zomthetho futhi iziqondiso zenkolo. Ngakho, ezweni lapho lelo sonto futhi ibutho zezombusazwe, it is hhayi empeleni wanikeza inkululeko ebuntfu kanembeza. Article soMthethosisekelo ezweni ezinjalo ngeke ukudlala noma iyiphi indima noma ube amandla ngokomthetho. Lena isici ezimbi kakhulu njengoba ubonisa kwamalungelo angokwemvelo.

isiphetho

Ngakho, esihlokweni siye sazama sicabangele amalungelo nenkululeko kanembeza nengokwenkolo. Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lezi zimiso isici esibalulekile endleleni eya ukwakhiwa somphakathi omusha AseYurophu, ngeke yizinga ubandlululo ngemibono.