Umsuka nomlando Ukushushuluza

Skiing eladabuka eScandinavia Ephakathi. Ngisho e yamarekhodi 1700 uchaza izinhlanga eqhweni outdid omunye komunye ngemva babheja engosini. Cishe Lawa kwakungamadodana umncintiswano wokuqala.

Ngokusemthethweni, umlando Ukushushuluza waqala Enkonzweni Defense of Norway. Athletic ifa eqhweni wakhuthaza ukubuthela emaqenjini ski. Hans Emahuzenom e 1733 yanyatheliswa umyalelo wokuqala ibutho ekuqeqeshweni ski nge ukuchema kuzo ezemidlalo. Were imithetho yokuqala ski imincintiswano, ayeba ngo-1767 i-izinhlobo ezahlukene ukuhlangana wamanje slalom, Biathlon, skiing kanye ekwehleni. abasubathi eziphezulu ziye ukhishwa. Ukukhuthaza unqamule izwe e-Oslo e 1814, saba nomhlangano ezemidlalo nakwezempi Ukubuyekeza izakhamuzi wezwe.

Umlando ocebile Ukushushuluza, kusukela eNorway, wathola ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha kuwo wonke amazwe amakhulu emhlabeni. Ngemva ukuhlela ngo-1877 Norwegian ski ezemidlalo umphakathi kuqala engaphezu kwengu-20 emhlabeni wonke uhlangabezana efanayo amaqembu ezemidlalo. Umuzwa wokuqala wathatha phezu Finland, ngo-1883 - Hungary, 1891 - Austria Switzerland e 1803 - eJalimane nase-Italy, ngo-1895 - Sweden kanye eRussia, ngo-1900 - i-United States ne-Bulgaria, ngo-1902 g - eNgilandi, ngo-1912 - Japan.

umnikelo elikhulu enkululekweni Ukushushuluza wenza wabahloli Arctic: .. Adolf Nordenskiöld ku 1883-1884 biennium, Fridtjof Nansen ngesikhathi Ukuqeda zokushushuluza yonkana Greenland ngo-1889, uRoald Amundsen e 1910-1911, ivuliwe uhambo kuya-South Pole, lapho ababambi qhaza ezingaphezu kuka 2,800 amakhilomitha eqhweni. Esikhathini XIX sekwephuzile - emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka XX. mncintiswano baqala njalo kwenziwe wonke amazwe amakhulu emhlabeni. Nokho, indlela yokuthuthuka zezinto eziphilayo emazweni ehlukene wayehlukile. Norway uye savela intuthuko, ukugibela amabhayisikili unqamule izwe futhi Biathlon. EFinland, intuthuko iye ukushushuluza emaThafeni. Intaba ukubukwa athandwa emazweni Alpine. E-US, ukuthuthukiswa kwezemidlalo lunye ukuthonywa izifiki zaseScandinavia. endaweni Ski, ngaphansi kwethonya abaqeqeshi base-Austria, waba ukushushuluza eJapane.

New push umlando Ukushushuluza yazuza ngemva International Ski Congress, iqhaza emazweni 10 ngo-1910, e-Oslo. Umi lapha International Ski Commission kabusha ngo-1924 e-International Ski Federation (FIS) ubelokhu olwenziwa yi-World ski nokuncintisana, kubandakanya zonke izinhlobo. Ngo-1924, Imidlalo yokuqala Winter Olympic ngo-1926 - World Championship, futhi ngo-1928 - i-Universiade.

Ukuthuthukiswa Ukushushuluza eRussia

umlando Russian kwako waqala ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka. abasubathi Russian isikhathi eside kwafana angaphandle, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa kwakuhamba kancane, ski izifundo umzimba babe bezijabulisa kunazo. Umncintiswano kokuqala kwenzeka 13 Februwari 1894 Petersburg. I skiers eMoscow club (MCL) uvele 1894 futhi lalinabashumayeli onyakeni wokuqala saba namalungu angu-36. Ski labo abanamathela wakhuthaza uthando lwabo eMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha, edonsa ezikhundleni zawo amalungu asebenzayo entsha. Club "Polar Star" Petersburg kwaba olandelayo ukuyifinyelela ngayo.

Ngenxa zibiza kakhulu imishini ezemidlalo umnyango uquqaba ski club ayitholakalanga. Naphezu ukudalwa entsha ski amakilabhu Petersburg, eMoscow, Ryazan, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Smolensk, Tula nakwamanye amadolobha ekuqaleni XX leminyaka. Ukushushuluza ayikwazanga ukuthola ukusakazwa eRussia. Kuphela ngemuva kokumiswa 1910 YaseMoscow league lyzhebezhtsev (MLL), eletha ihlanganise 10 amakilabhu ngokushesha, futhi ngokushesha lapho kusungulwa i-All-Russian Union of skiers iye yandisa inani labantu imicimbi, futhi ithuba ididiyele ukuhamba izwe ski.

Kuze kube manje, isimo nge ukushushuluza eRussia kakhulu ezahlukene. Kungaba yini ngokuphepha chasiselwe ezemidlalo mass, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ski. abasubathi bethu zithatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo yonke imincintiswano ezinkulu, futhi ngendlela efanayo abaholi ezidla wendondo yegolide.

izinhlobo Isici Ukushushuluza

Ngo Ukushushuluza zihlanganisa ukushushuluza kokwehla intaba, unqamule izwe phezu amabanga anobude obungalingani, le ongazihlwitha (uhlanga futhi agxuma) ukweqa. izinhlobo evamile imincintiswano ku unqamule izwe zingahlukaniswa zibe zinhlobo enyakatho, zinhlobo ohlanzekile freestyle kanye nokushova.

Northern zinhlobo aqukethe unqamule izwe, ski jumping, Orienteering, ski Biathlon noma Nordic elihlangene. zinhlobo Alpine - okungukuthi zonke eyenza Ukushushuluza: slalom, slalom giant, ekwehleni, Super Giant Slalom, ohlanzekile Ukushushuluza kuhlanganiswe. Ngokuthi freestyle ekwehleni emthambekeni ngokusebenzisa izakhi ukuwa futhi ballet Ukushushuluza. Snowboard - kokwehla ebhodini ekhethekile.

Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezinjalo Ukushushuluza njengoba Biathlon, skitour, ski izinkambo, ski Orienteering, ski izintaba. Ukushushuluza ahlukahlukene kokuvamile futhi ecebile nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Noma ubani uzokwazi bazikhethele indlela okuyiyona yona ezokwenza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo namakhono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto sport ukuthi kuqinisa impilo futhi kuletha kumnandi.