Biathlon: umlando nokuthuthukiswa

Omunye ethandwa kakhulu ezemidlalo ebusika kuba Biathlon. Umlando ukuvela nokwakheka kwalo bekulokhu kunzima. Kodwa manje lo mdlalo kukhona abalandeli abaningi.

Indaba

Omunye ezemidlalo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi kujabulise ebusika ubhekwa le Biathlon, umlando okuvela elisemandleni ekuphileni kwansuku zonke izizwe North lasendulo. Babesebenzisa eqhweni ukuze abazingeli ebusika. Kungashiwo, futhi kwaba Biathlon kuqala.

Umlando okuvela Biathlon classical njengoba umdlalo has mayelana amabili namashumi amahlanu. Qala yakho aluthathayo eNorway, lapho onogada basemngceleni sendawo 1767 komngcele Sweden ihlelwe umncintiswano sokudubula okuhloswe ngaso ski Uzalo entabeni.

Nokho, lo mdlalo of ukuthuthukiswa Biathlon nokusatshalaliswa kwaba kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Kodwa-ke iza obuthile.

Ngokokuqala ngqá e-eko kwekhulu elidlule ezenzakalweni ezinkulu labetibambile imidlalo, efana Biathlon. Umlando iMidlalo Yama-Olympic ukuthi wathatha France, ekhuluma ngendawo mncintiswano ngokuthi "ukuqapha uhlanga." Kodwa ngokushesha lo mdlalo kuhlulekile. Emidlalweni yama-Olympic ngo-1948 uhlelo ewela i-Biathlon, imithetho mncintiswano lapho ngaleso sikhathi sasingakagcwaliseki zilandele izilinganiso ezithile.

Kodwa kule kwamashumi amahlanu, namanje avume njengendawo ezemidlalo ahlukene njengengxenye Pentathlon. Kusukela ngo-1992, i-Biathlon ahlukaniswa Pentathlon. International Biathlon Union, okuyinto namuhla siqukethe emazweni angaphezu kuka ayisithupha, yasungulwa ngo-1993.

Imithetho umdlalo kanye nezimpahla

Esikhathini Biathlon zakudala, okulandelayo imithetho imishini:

• Ububanzi eqhweni kumelwe abe amasentimitha okungenani ezine.
• Ubukhulu bobude ski akuyona esilinganiselwe.
• Banned zonke izinhlobo ukuthuthukiswa imishini.
• Ngeke ukwazi ukuthi usebenzise izingongolo ski zihluka ubude kanye namandla we push.
• Lapho kuqhuma ukushayela isendaweni ngemuva umdlali.
• Ungayisebenzisi i-isikhali othomathikhi.
• Calibre sokuzingela - 5.6 mm.
• Izibhamu ezisetshenziswa ezivamile emehlweni labaqaphi elingemuva.

Ngaphansi imithetho ekhona, ukudubula kwenziwa bekude kwamamitha amahlanu. Ilitshe imelelwa ipuleti ezimhlophe ngemibuthano ezinhlanu black nge ububanzi nanye kanye amasentimitha nengxenye.

Lapho kokudubula umbuthano nomphumela valve eduze ukuthi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ngokushesha ukuhlola umphumela.

Imithetho ezimbili zama-lokudubula Okuqondiwe ezikhonjwe:

• Standing.
• Ukuqamba amanga.

Lapho kokudubula kubhekwa ukuma ngempumelelo ngokufaka black embuthanweni, kanti eyesibili nqubo yokushisa - embuthanweni kwangaphakathi has a ububanzi ngamasentimitha amane nesigamu.

Endleleni, ukuhamba abasubathi babe imigqa umlilo eziningana, ngayinye onikelwa imizuliswano ezinhlanu.

Izinhlobo izinhlanga endaweni Biathlon zakudala

Biathlon Classic namuhla kuhlanganisa abayisithupha izinhlobo izinhlanga:

• Edluliselwe uhlanga - umdlalo iqembu, ehlanganisa izigaba ezintathu noma ezine. Athlete, wagijima umzila izwe lakhe, sihamba baton ukuba umdlali elilandelayo. Ubude umzila - amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa nengxenye kwaphetha ngokuthi amadoda kanye eziyisithupha - kwabesifazane. Kuleso naleso sigaba kukhona izikhundla ezimbili sokudubula. Lesi sigameko lokuqala wenziwa isikhundla lisalele, kwesibili - emi.
• edluliselwe ezixutshiwe. It is ubuhanjelwe umsubathi owesilisa nowesifazane. Abesifazane ekhasini lokuqala nelesibili kwesigaba iphelela ku amakhilomitha ayisithupha amadoda phezu yesithathu neyesine - amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa. Edluliselwe iqala isiqalo yesikhathi esisodwa kwabadlali. Ilungu, eseqedile umjaho esiteji, sihamba-ke kuze kube leqembu esilandelayo. Ekuqaleni, umgwaqo ligijima owesifazane ke - amadoda. I labadubuli lokuqala wenziwa sesimweni lisalele, kwesibili - emi.
• Sprint - kungcono umjaho nge amaphuzu amabili yokudubula, esebenzisa i isiqalo isikhawu ezingabantu amakhilomitha ayishumi, abesifazane - amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa nengxenye. Uhlanga iqala isiqalo ngezikhawu imizuzwana amathathu iminithi. Ibanga emncintiswaneni siqukethe emathangeni amathathu ubude obufanayo. Running ngokusebenzisa ngomzuliswano wokuqala, abadlali afeze sokudubula elele phansi, egijima yesibili round - imile. Abasubathi nethuba lokukhetha kule sikhundla sokudubula for ukudubula. Uma uphuthelwe ngqo embuthanweni khulula elilingana ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu amamitha.
• uhlanga ngamunye - umjaho zakudala lapho amadoda akhwela ibanga amabili, futhi abesifazane - at amakhilomitha ayishumi nanhlanu, nge amaphuzu amane kusukela okuhloswe. Abasubathi uqale ngezikhathi imizuzwana amathathu iminithi. Lapho wena miss omunye ngomzuzu isigwebo ukungezwa inani isikhathi sokuhamba biathlete uhlanga.

• Ukuphishekela - umjaho nge imingcele ezine lapho amadoda siqalise amakhilomitha nambili nesigamu away, kanti abesifazane - eziyishumi. Chitha ukuphishekela uhlanga ekupheleni emncintiswaneni Sprint.
• Race nge jikelele isiqalo - indoda akhwela ibanga abesifazane nanhlanu - amakhilomitha nambili nesigamu. Uhlanga iqala ngesikhathi esifanayo zonke izimbangi. Ukuthwebula uhla sokudubula wenziwa oda lokufika abadlali uhla sokudubula. Uma uphuthelwe ngqo embuthanweni khulula elilingana ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu amamitha.

ezihlukahlukene Biathlon

Biathlon namuhla has izinhlobo eziningana lapho ngaphezu imishini classical kanye nehlukile esetshenziswa izikhali kanye nokunyakaza. Lezi zilwane obanzi kunayo okulandelayo ithole emhlabeni kwezemidlalo umkhuba:

• Summer - kungcono Biathlon mncintiswano imithetho okuyinto ziyefana Classic, kodwa esikhundleni eqhweni usebenzisa roller eqhweni noma emabhayisikili.
• Archer - Biathlon (umlando umsuka okuyinto njengoba umdlalo waqala ngo-1975 e-France) - uhlanga eqhweni nge kyokushin.
• Obuwenza akwazi ukuhamba eqhweni. Uma usebenzise le nguqulo emncintiswaneni Biathlon ku snowshoes.
• Ukuzingela. Lapho isetshenziswa ukuzingela ngezibhamu kanye eqhweni.

Ukwahlukana Biathlon yobudala

Zonke abadlali imincintiswano Biathlon zihlukaniswe zibe:

• Abesilisa nabesifazane - Biathlon ngesikhathi eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nanye ubudala noma ngaphezulu.
• Juniors - labo abaneminyaka kusuka nesishiyagalolunye iminyaka engamashumi amabili nanye.
• Abafana namantombazane - abasubathi angakawamukeli waphenduka nesishiyagalolunye.

ngezigaba

Biathlon imincintiswano aphethwe kokubili ngokuhlanganyela nezinye, kanye eceleni. Independent Biathlon imincintiswano zihlukaniswe inkomishi futhi nekubkovy. Ngaphandle-ke nayo eyenziwa ehlukahlukene kwezohwebo Biathlon imincintiswano.

Ngakho, izinhlobo Biathlon imincintiswano:

• Izinkomishi. It is ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto obaluleke kakhulu World Cup kanye Vula Cup European. Futhi ezingeni international linikezwa Cups amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika nase-Asia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ngamazwe, izinkomishi kazwelonke.
• mncintiswano Nekubkovy. Imeshi edume kakhulu kubhekwa nekubkovy Biathlon World Championships. Okulandelayo ku-Ibaluleke ngani evulekile Championships European futhi Championships e-Asia naseziqhingini amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Ezingeni likazwelonke emazweni amaningi nazo zithathelwa Championships ezehlukene.
• Biathlon Commercial. Lo mncintiswano unenjongo ekhethekile - ukuheha inqwaba izibukeli. Mayelana lo mcimbi Umenyiwe inqwaba yezinkanyezi Biathlon ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene, izinhlanga imithetho ngokwabo ziyashintsha ngaphansi format mncintiswano.

Ipumelelo wokuqala

Biathlon Champions kwakuqala ngokomthetho udwendwe yabo lokunqoba e sixties kwekhulu elidlule. Iqhawe sokuqala ngqa-Olympic kuleli isiyalo isibe ummeleli Sweden K. Lestander, futhi iqhawe yezwe yokuqala kwaba Swede A. Wiklund. Waba German FA Ulrich ngo-1978, winner lokuqala World Cup.

Ngo-1984 ngesikhathi lo msubathi World Cup Biathlon Abesifazane Soviet V Chernyshov kwaba ngokuphelele iqhawe emhlabeni wokuqala.

ukuthandwa

Biathlon Modern, omlando wakhe waqala enyakatho yeYurophu, uye chithi saka emhlabeni wonke. Angaphezu kuka-amane iqhaza imincintiswano ku mdlalo, kodwa udumo enkulu ke uyawuthanda eMpumalanga yeYurophu Central, in the Russian Federation. isithakazelo esikhulu Biathlon futhi ingabonisa emazweni aseNyakatho Melika neChina.