Zubov Platon Alexandrovich, intandokazi Catherine 2: Biography, izithombe, portrait

Ngo-June 1789 kusukela Petersburg ukuba Tsarskoye Selo ceremoniously wathutha odwendweni yasebukhosini. Eceleni ikalishi, ihlobe le monogram bobukhosi, ukhwele amahhashi amabili uyathandeka, kuyabamangaza iso nge sihloko yayo futhi umusa. Kusukela amafasitela ithunzi emva kwakhe ngokuqhubekayo wabukela amehlo sowesifazane, ilahlekelwe intsha yayo, kodwa uye waqhubeka izici zobukhulu nobuhle wangaphambili. Ngalolo suku emkhathizwe dolobha u ekuphumeni inkanyezi intandokazi entsha Catherine, ogama lakhe - Platon Zubov - laba uphawu kwaqedwa wokubusa kufike komkhulu Russian Empress.

umsebenzi Military elaqala ngoba edeskini yomfundi

ozithandayo Kugcine uCatherine II, HSH Prince Platon Zubov, A., ozalwa Novemba 26, 1767, ukuthi uyindodana yesithathu sesikhungo solwazi sesiFundazwe nesekela-mbusi nokuphatha izigodi of Bala Saltykov - ". wohlanga olukhulu yokungathembeki kulo lonke izwe" Alexander Nikolayevich Zubov, nobani abantu besikhathi awakholelwa Ngokusobala, wayenezizathu.

Barely eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala, isikhulu esizayo kwaba, futhi ngaleso sikhathi nje Platosha, waba zenziwa nosayitsheni Ekuphileni Guards Semenov ibutho. Inqobo nje uma umfana esekhulile, wafundiswa ekhaya, umsebenzi wakhe wezempi waqhubeka ekukhuphukeni, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi wangenwa wabeka kanye ezikhundleni. Maltz ngokulambisa waphenduka nambili, washintshelwa Usayitsheni ku Horse Guards, futhi eminye iminyaka emihlanu, ukhushuliwe Cornet.

Ngokokuqala ngqá e impi, elalilisha ngalesosikhathi eFinland, uPlato ubekade 1788, lapho ngokushesha bathola omunye umfutho, eba lesibili noma esilingana nesakhe. Le ntuthuko ngokushesha ezinhlwini insizwa wachaza ukusekelwa Ukubala Saltykov, uyise wakhonza njengephayona control, nokuthi kuhlukile kunokunikeza uPlato yakhe "ukuthobeka langenhlonipho."

Ukuqala inganekwane

Kodwa kuyanda ngempela umsebenzi wakhe meteoric waqala ncamashi usuku ehlobo, ngawo saqala indaba. Ngenxa ukusekelwa Count efanayo Saltykov, Platon Zubov, esimisiwe induna Horse, thumela e Tsarskoye Selo - yokuhlala iNdlovukazi - lokufeza khona ku bagade. Lo mnyakazo kwaqondana "ukwesula" nesinye ozithandayo Ukubala AM Catherine Dmitriyev-Mamonov futhi inhliziyo ukuguga, kodwa namanje onothando Empress kwaba khulula.

Njengoba wazi, ubuze nhlobo ngokuphambene nemvelo, futhi inhliziyo yowesifazane ngokukhethekile, futhi ishesha, yaqonda ngqo ukugcwalisa kwakhe ngokwethembeka Empress State Nikitichna lady Anna Naryshkin. Kwakuphakathi kucocisana naye labetibambile rapprochement we autocrat Russian nge bathandile ngakho Konnogvardeytsy alo ezinkomo.

Ekuqaleni, wathola isimemo dinner futhi yanikwa ezimnandi, bese wangeniswa emakamelweni eyimfihlo uCatherine. Ngokusobala, uPlato kwaba azinake wakhe, ngoba ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva nje wanikwa indandatho amadayimane futhi inkulungwane 10. Ruble ngokheshi, futhi ngemva kwenye amasonto amabili, wakhushulelwa Colonel futhi wempi.

Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi, ngenxa yobudala babo umehluko (Catherine ngaleso sikhathi kwase kudlulile kakade ayisithupha), wayebazwela ozithandayo amabili nambili imizwa yakhe okuxubile kakhulu ukuthi uthando othandweni nowesifazane bahlale ngesisa kwabakhulelwe. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, futhi uPlato Zubov noCatherine saba ngamathe nolimi. ngokushesha Wagogobala esigodlweni, lapho ayebethula kakhulu kwekota ngaphambilini aphethwe eyandulela wakhe - Bala Dmitriyev-Mamonov. Ekwindla ka onyakeni ofanayo, Zubov wamiswa njengombonisi Cornet we Cavalry Corps futhi ukhushuliwe jikelele ezinkulu.

ozithandayo emidala umlandeli wakhe abasha

Kufanele kuphawulwe nokho, ukuthi izilimi okubi kuthiwa lokhu buhlobo kwakuwukuba lutho kodwa yalokho ezombangazwe, iqaliswe nezitha zakwa Serene Highness Prince Potemkin, Catherine yakhe kude okuhlaba emthunzini, kodwa uhlala, nokho, umngane wakhe abaseduze futhi ophakeme abanethonya futhi wakuthola. Zonke izintandokazi ezindala babe proteges bakhe abasha futhi ngenxa yalokho musa ingozi isikhulu onguMninimandla onke. Inkantolo, unganelisekile nge ithonya lakhe iNdlovukazi, futhi ufisa a kokugumbuqelwa okusheshayo, kwakudingeka ikhandidethi ezahlukene.

Potemkin, owayeneminyaka ngaleso sikhathi e-ubukhulu eMoldavia iNdlovukazi wabhala mayelana intandokazi yakhe entsha njengenhloko muva uvele "umfundi" futhi "zifiki". HSH Prince, ngokuqinile kakhulu ukulawula uthando yayo ngokusuka enhliziyweni, ekuqaleni abazange unamathisele ukubaluleka okukhulu kule noveli esilandelayo. Ngokusho ulwazi afeze akuhlosile, le nsizwa yayingumuntu olukha phezulu kakhulu futhi ezimfushane loafer, hhayi usongo kuye.

"Izinyo" ukuthi liphazamisa Potemkin

Phela, Potemkin abazama ukujabulisa yena Zubov. Plato ebukhoneni Catherine Prince mathupha ngabhalela incwadi lapho uzwakalise maqondana nokuzinikela kwakhe yakhe. Ekuqaleni, kwaba nomphumela, kodwa ophakeme ngokushesha bathola, ingozi amagesi, baqala ukuhlela iNdlovukazi ngokumelene "osafunda" yakhe entsha ukumenza akholwe encwadini ukuthi abantu "yenziwe ngobudlabha" futhi "abangelutho." Kodwa okungalindelekile kwenzekile - UCatherine, oneminyaka engu njalo ngokuqinile ulandela iseluleko sakhe, ngalesi sikhathi baba restive, futhi ezinekhono zenqaba ingcaca ukuqala ahlukane amnandi enhliziyweni yakhe "lisha."

Kukhona nganekwane ezihlekisayo: ayeyibhalela iNdlovukazi, uthe lapho ebuzwa mayelana nesimo sakhe sempilo, Potemkin wabhala ukuthi zonke enempilo, kodwa evimbela ke kusukela ngezinyo, owafika ngo-Petersburg wayengeke uhlanze. Akubuzwa ukuthi lokhu Pun ngokuqondile namazinyo abasha ngalo Potemkin Catherine okuhloswe ukuhlukanisa. Ebheka phambili, kufanele kusho ukuthi izinhlelo zakhe bekakhandelwa ukufa, uthola wohlanga olukhulu onguMninimandla onke endleleni yakhe isuka eMoldova Petersburg.

Amazinyo okusha egcekeni iNdlovukazi

Ekwindla ka okufanayo 1789 esigodlweni kunesinye omele amagama amazinyo - valerian, iza komntwana omusha ozithandayo. Le ndoda eneminyaka engu nesishiyagalombili ubudala abasha, kokuba emelelwa iNdlovukazi, ngokushesha uwina uzwela wakhe efudumele futhi iba omunye "abafundi." On ke wabhala Potemkin ngiseyingane, enhle engavamile futhi zonke abazinikezele kuye. Ngaye, Catherine ucela Serene endaweni efanele impi, yena usihlalo, futhi ngisemusha sakhe pha elisezingeni sombutho. Ngokusobala, "umfundi" luye lwabonisa ukuthi okuningi ngekhono.

Ilondolozwe Kahle imibhalo ezithakazelisayo okubonisa bounties ukuthi iNdlovukazi yithela ngezithukuthuku yengcebo enye yezintandokazi zakhe ezindala - Aleksandra Lanskogo. Zisuke zisho ukuthi abangenalwazi phakathi neminyaka emithathu laseThabori wathola ikhabethe futhi elungisa ayizinkulungwane 100. Ruble, futhi itafula nsuku zonke, okuhlangabezana abantu okungenani amabili, abiza yengcebo ayizinkulungwane 300. Ruble.

Ngokwami, iNdlovukazi wamnika ruble ayizigidi ezingu-7, singabali izipho eziningi ezifana idayimane izinkinobho ebhantshini lakhe, izindlu ezimbili Petersburg serfs esingenakubalwa. Asikwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi akusiyo eshibhile izindleko yengcebo namazinyo. UPlato kwaba ugqozi wakhe zakamuva, futhi, mhlawumbe, maqondana ke, Catherine wayephana ikakhulukazi.

Umfowabo elikhanyayo uneso ngokweqile, wabamukisa emehlweni akhe, eqiniseka iNdlovukazi ukuba umthume eMoldova Potemkin, okuyinto wayesekulungele ukuqala umsebenzi endaweni efudumele ngaye. Kwakuthuleke ngakho - owayenganikela ukwazi isikhathi esingakanani kuyinto zingene bobabili enhliziyweni izimpilo Jaded ngayo abesifazane? Ngokusobala, akumangalisi ngakho wabonisana Platon Zubov. Photo isithombe umfowabo, lapho uvezwa isigqoko nge okunethezeka fu elinobuthi, okwethulwa kulesi sihloko.

Qala imisebenzi isimo

Ngo-October ka-1791, wayesefa umsizi othembekile Empress ezindabeni zonke isimo - HSH Prince Potemkin. Ukuze Catherine kwaba buhlungu kakhulu kuye, ngoba manje-ke waya enomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile. Sasidinga indoda ethembekile futhi ohlakaniphile, njalo eseduze. Ngakho nommeli, ngokombono wakhe, wayesengaba Platon Zubov. Izintandokazi njengoba akekho omunye zokuba nalesi sabelo.

Platosha wakhe (ukuze ngothando wabhekisela kuye ngokuthi iNdlovukazi), sesiye accustom nezindaba isimo ngisho ngesikhathi Potemkin ukuphila, kodwa asikwazi ukuthi kule wakwazi ukuthi aphumelele. Ngokusho besikhathi, Platon Zubov - intandokazi uCatherine II - nazo zonke ezinhle ngokomzimba possessed futhi ingqondo ebukhali, akukho inkumbulo nenkumbulo enhle. Isayensi iye ngokusobala benganikezwa, kodwa ekugcineni wakwazi ukubuyeka benzela abanye umuntu ohlakaniphile futhi abafundile. Lokhu kwasiza ulwazi olukhulu isiFulentshi, eyalikhuluma kalula.

Ngemva kokufa Potemkin Platon Zubov, ogama biography kwaba samuntu egcwele enkantolo ukukhetha, wasukuma lonke ezingeni elisha emsebenzini wakhe. Manje, kusukela "umfundi" ethobekile nenenhlonipho, uye liphendulwe wohlanga olukhulu onguMninimandla onke, akubhekwa eyihlazo khuza labo ezicukuthwaneni ubani izolo cringed. Kusukela ipeni wakhe bephuma kuleyo minyaka amaphrojekthi engacabangeki kakhulu futhi ayinangqondo yomphakathi, ezifana ekuthatheni imikhumbi Russian Istanbul, ukunqoba Vienna, nase-Berlin, kanye nokwakhiwa kombuso entsha Austrasia.

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa kuze kube manje i-ezindabeni umbusi kwabahlakaniphileyo labaqedisisayo wafika ngaphansi kwethonya abazalwane namazinyo - careerists lingenamuntu futhi abonakele. Wasisayina isimemezelo ukuqaliswa imiklamo yabo kanye kokudumazeka generously finance kubo. Ngokwesibonelo, yena wathumela valerian impi emkhankasweni, injongo owawungumnyaka ukunqoba yasePheresiya, ngaleso sikhathi India. Kukholakala ukuthi laba bazalwane athonya Empress kuya baqedwe ngonya we izenzo zokuvukela Polish, nokuqedwa Poland njengoba geqe, ukushushiswa Radishchev, novikov namaFreemason bayoshushiswa.

Oshayelayo

Njengoba sacala kusebenta Platon Zubov, Catherine 2 bounties zonke ezinkulu yithela nezihlobo zakhe eziningi ukubutha Petersburg ngoba ezinhlwini nengcebo. ozithandayo Ubaba, u-Alexander, waba yilungu lephalamende, wathatha ukufumbathisa, kanye nokuhweba ngethonya sendodana yakhe. Abanaso ukuhambisana yena nabanye amazinyo.

Ngalesi sikhathi, Platon Zubov eseke ngokuphelele ukunambitheka amandla, ikakhulukazi njengoba ayephakathi ezasiza. Ngisho umlawuli omkhulu A. V Suvorov bayinikeza ukushada nendodakazi yakhe ethandekayo. Enye genius yethu lempi - M. I. Kutuzov - kwi Umlando wabantu ababephila, wakubheka njengelungelo ukuba mathupha ukupheka ikhofi Zubov, futhi imbongi Derzhavin enikelwe izinkondlo zakhe laudatory. Ngokuvamile, ngamunye njengoba ayengakwenza, uzama ukujabulisa isithandwa fortune. portrait Famous ngesineke Ivan Platon Zubov Egginka agcinwe Hermitage, olwethulwa ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, umveza ngaleso sikhathi esijabulisayo.

Ukuphela indaba

Ukuphela career brilliant ezinjena kwakuhambisana Nov 17, 1796, lapho Sasebusika ngokuzumayo wabulawa abavikela yakhe - Umbusikazi uCatherine II. Phakathi kwalabo walilela ngebucotfo ukufa kwaba ngokuyinhloko Platon Zubov - eyintandokazi of uCatherine 2, biography kusukela ngalolo suku basungula ohlangothini oluhlukile ngokuphelele.

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo izinto ezikukhathazayo, ngubani enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi koMbusi uPawulu angizange ahlukumeze ozithandayo kanina, futhi umane wathumela kuye ngaphansi kwebhaxa emngceleni. Nokho, maduzane nje, uKristu bezwa izindaba zokuthi eqala ngasese ukushushumbisa phesheya isimo sakhe multimillion kuka umonakalo appreciable emalini Russian. Ngalezo zinsuku izinto ezifana naso akazange yehla, futhi umbusi ofuthelene ngaphambilini ekuthatheni impahla yakhe yonke.

Iyathinteka ukubulala

Ukuhlala phesheya ngaphandle ezanele ukumboza izindleko zalo eqolo, Zubov waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele ekhaya, lapho ngokushesha waba omunye bakhi owabhala kokugumbuqelwa uPawulu I. The Emperor inhlekelele ebusuku Mashi 11, 1801 phakathi kwalabo abangena Mikhailovsky Palace kwaba namazinyo. Plato ngokuvumelana Umlando ka Ukubala Bennigsen party izenzakalo, kuqala bagqekeza lokulala koMbusi, futhi ngemva kwakhe baphuthuma zakubo - valerian futhi UNicholas. Mhlawumbe isandla sakhe washaya umuntu ofayo igalelo ngesandla esiqinile, kodwa igazi bakaNkulunkulu abagcotshiwe amanga kuso.

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Alexander I Zubov lalinethemba njengoba ayehileleke ukususwa eyandulela wakhe. Wabonisa intshiseko enkulu ezindabeni yahlelwa isimo kabusha (lutho, njengoba eminyakeni eyedlule), ngisho waba omunye abalobi esisele ngeke bashiywe ngaphandle abangaphumelelanga umthetho phezu ukuqedwa serfdom. Ngokwemvelo wayengumuntu imaphi amathuba avelayo ejwayelekile, ufake izimpawu phakathi nokubusa Catherine inguquko, futhi ngesikhathi sokubusa umzukulu wakhe u-Alexander wamelela umthethosisekelo.

Kodwa yonke imizamo lakhe ibingamashumi ezingenalusizo. Njengoba wazi, eholwa ngu-Alexander I, azikho bakhi wangaphambili awuzange buboniswa ngokuba izikhundla eziphakeme kuhulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yangaphakathi ukuhlupheka wahlushwa unembeza, uMbusi wazama ukuqeda labo Wamkhumbuza ngokufa okudabukisayo uyise. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka namazinyo. Platon Alexandrovich, singanqotshwa izimo, washiya inhlokodolobha sazinza Lithuania, lapho ngesikhathi umsebenzi wakhe okhazimulayo, Uthole isipho kusukela uCatherine II impahla okuphuma phambili.

I sibonelo of "Miserly Knight"

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka bokugcina bokuphila kwakhe, uPlato Zubov - intandokazi uCatherine II, futhi uCroesus - abadumile njengenhlangano ungoqo Amazing, ukuthandwa okuyinto kwaba nzima ukuthola. Isitolo egumbini elingaphansi enqabeni yaso bele egcwele igolide (ngokuvumelana izibalo zilinganisela kakhulu, isimo elilingana ruble ayizigidi ezingu amabili), yena ifike inkunzi abalimi eyabo, kungani labo babengamadodana abampofu kakhulu esifundeni. Kabuhlungu sikhuthazela ngisho izindleko ezincane kakhulu, akazange angabaze ukuya izingubo ezindala Ragged, engashiyi imali ukuthenga esisha.

Injabulo yakhe kuphela selitshona engaphansi, ukuze ezihlose elondolozwe ku enothuli bele ingcebo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi sibonelo ngokubhala A. S. Pushkinym yakhe edumile ethi "Miserly Knight" kwaba nje amazinyo ezaziwayo. Plato eminyakeni ezingasho ulahlekelwe ifomu yabo wobuntu, kanye kuphela, njengoba uma nokuvuka kusuka iphupho, ababekade babonisa isithakazelo ekuphileni.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila ozithandayo wangaphambili

Inganekwane ethile ithi ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, kwenzeka ukubona ngaleso abasha intombazane kwelizinga ubuhle Amazing - indodakazi umninindawo endawo. Ngu Ngesikhathi eseneminyaka engu-umfelwa, futhi wayefuna ukushada intombazane enhle. Phezu kokuthola ukwenqaba kwakhe categorical, isiwula ubudala wayekhethe engaphansi kwakhe esifubeni ezazilokhu sesigidi sama-ruble igolide, futhi umane wathenga le ntombazane Ezingalapheki uyise.

Waphetha ukuphila kwakhe Platon Zubov e 1822 e Kurland. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, umfelokazi enhle eyenziwa izinsalela Petersburg, lapho bebehlala khona owabeka bangabeki ethuneni yokhokho, elise elinye lamasonto ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu ehlane e Strelna. indawo yabo yokugcina yokuphumula, wathola eduze kakhulu endleleni lapho iminyaka engamashumi amathathu nantathu edlule, udwendwe brilliant wathutha, futhi, ngonyaka amabili uyathandeka, ukhwele amahhashi phambi kwamehlo i Empress ukuguga ...