Yasungulwa Kulibin Ivan Petrovich?

Abantu abaningi bayazi mayelana oluvelele unjiniyela Russian Ivan Kulibin. A abaqambi ikakhulukazi bezentengiselwano kungukuthi ngimuzwe ikheli yegama lakhe: "Ufana Kulibin" Kodwa, bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi kunabantu ukuthuthukiswa IP Kulibin lobunikazi kuphela. Izwe manje uyazi ukuthi Idolobha wezakhiwo eyakhelwe ukwakhiwa ezisindayo-duty of kwebhuloho, futhi yilokho Kulibin ayisungula - Angazi.

ubunikazi umsunguli

Ivan Petrovich azalelwe Nizhny Novgorod ngo-1735. Ngokumangalisayo, umndeni wakhe ababengakaze bazifunde abantu, ngakho-ke ikhono umakhenikha self-wafundisa kwaba ikhono elimangalisayo ngempela!

Umkhaya Ivan yayikhona ngezithukuthuku yabadobi ukuhweba: uyise usomabhizinisi kanye Old Amakholwa, nonina eyingoduso kwezolimo futhi kwangisiza ukuba ngigxilise akhawunti.

Kusukela esemncane umfana wazizwa uzwela olukhulu ubunjiniyela design misebenzi futhi zonke izinhlobo ezisunguliwe, ngaleso sikhathi emizaneni bekungenjalo kakhulu. Kodwa oshisekayo isayensi umfana wayengafuni ukugcina amabhuku waya ukudoba ukuze isakhamuzi locksmith oqeqeshiwe, ukuvula kanye horology.

isipiliyoni Gain, Kulibin kwenza iwashi walo wokuqala, esiyingqayizivele kube yilolu suku emhlabeni ukuthola. Tiny okusungulile wenza imisebenzi amahora impi, kanye ibhokisi umculo nenkundla yemidlalo yesikhumbuzo. Ngaphambi omuhle wobuciko Nizhny Novgorod amakhosi akakwazanga ukumelana yena uCatherine II - wanika iwashi lakhe, futhi wacela Kulibina ukusebenza.

Ngo-1769, u-Ivan uthola indawo Academy of Sciences, futhi kusukela kulolu suku ikhonza ngokwethembeka okuhle isayensi Russian.

Nokho, abambalwa kokusungulwa wathola igunya okungewakho komfundi ngakwesokudla. Iningi imidwebo nezakhiwo ngihlalé zingafezeki isifiso unjiniyela.

Ake sihlole izinto ezimbalwa ukuthi yasungulwa Kulibin, kodwa ungalokothi lobunikazi.

Paddle injini amanzi

Esikhathini 18th Burlatskii ekhulwini samaholo owenziwayo enye yezindlela ezivamile ukuhambisa izinkantolo ngokumelene ukugeleza emifuleni, kanye emanzini angajulile.

Ivan isinqumo ukuze akhulule abantu ekuhluphekeni futhi ukwethula ku steamship ibhizinisi ubunjiniyela emisha - vane motor. isimiso sayo ukusebenza kusekelwe inqubo ukunyakaza lwemikhumbi usebenzisa izikhonkwane nezintambo - lehla kakhulu ngaphambi ihange ngentambo wadonsela umkhumbi. Futhi ngenkathi umkhumbi owodwa umthwalo "waba" uphonsa omunye - nokunye yomugqa.

Kulibin luphelele uhlelo. Manje, esikhundleni abasebenzi bopho ukudweba isitsha kwadingeka injini (kwaba isondo ne izindwani 2) usebenzisa amandla amanzi. umklamo obonakala ulula futhi ngamandla, okuzokwenza ugcine amandla amakhulu boatmen, futhi osomabhizinisi - amakhulu imali. Nokho, ngisho nangemva ukuhlolwa ngempumelelo ukuhamba umkhumbi nge 65-Tew zamathani esihlabathi esiphuzi ukukhiqizwa ngezimali akukabonakaliswa.

Ngeshwa, lokhu akuyona into nje ukuthi yasungulwa Kulibin Ivan Petrovich, kodwa asikwazanga ukusetha i production.

Elevator ngoba iNdlovukazi

Aging uCatherine II ngokulambisa zathuthumela efulethini we Winter Palace. Ngakho-ke Kulibin wanikezwa enomsebenzi obalulekile - beveza ikheshi ngoba iNdlovukazi yena.

Indophi lift akazange aphendule lapho isimo main ukulungisa izindophi aye ophahleni Palace unqatshelwe ngokuphelele. Usosayensi ngokonga necebo indlela olufana nomsebenzi kwesitulo ihhovisi noma kokuqina nut: inceku waphenduka isibambo, futhi screw uzungeza emkhonweni, ephakanyiswe bese ngihlaliswa esihlalweni. Ngeshwa, i-lift mechanical kube yilolu suku kazange abekhona. Ngemva kokufa uCatherine II nalusizo yena sabekwa izitini, ilungelo ubuqambi ukuthuthukiswa yayo Kulibin zangakwazi. Waba esinye isihloko ukuthi yasungulwa Kulibin, kodwa ngicabanga ingane yabo bahluleka.

kwebhuloho

Uma umbono ka uCatherine II akazange behluleka yakhe ngaleso sikhathi, cishe lokhu kwakubhekwa ukuba ngakwesokudla kubuye umsunguli we ibhizinisi ibhuloho Petersburg.

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, u-Ivan bezazisa eyizingqabavu kakhulu umklamo olulodwa-span ibhuloho. Wokusungula kwakhe, ubesebenza kakhulu ngendlela 30 iminyaka! Nakuba engakwazanga ukuwaphendula yolwazi ledzingekako mathematics ne-physics, yena engazi, ngendlela engokoqobo kuye kwavula imithetho emisha. Inzuzo enkulu ye kwebhuloho kwaba iqiniso lokuthi ngaphansi ayikwazanga ukudlula imikhumbi spilivaya umdlalo wabo.

Euler Omkhulu, kokuhlola imidwebo master kwammangaza yokuntuleka amaphutha kanye namaphutha kuzo. Potemkin yena wakhetha imali ukwakha umfuziselo kwebhuloho, kodwa lokhu uxhaso iphelile.

Futhi eminyakeni engu-30 kamuva, umakhi abadumile kwaba Idolobha Ibhuloho, akusimi Kulibin ukuthi yasungulwa leli bhuloho.

"Umkhulu" imoto

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, Ivan Petrovich wasungula sabakhubazekile self ezinezinjini. Ngokubukeka uyilo ufana nemoto, kodwa isimiso wokusebenza wayehlukile. Abantu abahamba ngezihlalo ezinamasondo ingathiwa ibhayisikili hybrid futhi zenqola, njengoba empeleni kuholela umuntu ngokucindezela isinyathelo. Ukusungulwa isikhashana wakhonza njengephayona ithoyizi yomntakabani, kodwa ukuba axhase ukukhiqizwa alo izifiso kanye akabonakalanga. Imidwebo "imoto Umkhulu" ashona lokulibala, wawufinyelela kuze kube manje.

Musa ukudida stroller ukuthi yasungulwa Kulibin futhi veloekipazh Shamshurenkova. indlela yakhe yayinkulu kakhulu futhi mnandi: isikhala esanele ezimbili, futhi veloekipazh ebusika yaphenduka isihlibhi. Ngithanda wazi i ukufana ezithakazelisayo: ukukhiqizwa ukuthuthukiswa Leonty Shamshurenkova futhi akekho eyingoduso, nemidwebo azenza zalahleka.

I sokwenziwa lokuqala

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 Kulibin wethulwa Academy of Sciences of abasebenzi "kokuxazulula"! Sokwenziwa kulingisa esitho engezansi. Esokuqala kwaba ukwakhiwa Nepeytsyn test - walahlekelwa umlenze lokushaya Ochakov, futhi manje umsebenzi wakhe lempi aphazamisa! Nokho, u-Ivan Kulibin ukuthi yasungulwa umlenze wakhe omusha, futhi wanikeza ekuqaleni kuze ukunqoba kwakhe entsha! Ngenxa yalokho, Nepeytsyn ukhushuliwe ezinkulu jikelele futhi wathola isidlaliso ezihlekisayo Iron umlenze.

uhlelo Spotlight yokuqalisa imikhumbi, yocingo optical, iphrojekthi kwaleli bhuloho yensimbi phezu iVolga - uhlu encane izinto yasungulwa Kulibin Ivan Petrovich.

Izithombe nemidwebo kwabaningi babo, ngeshwa, hhayi ngasinda. Nokho, inkazimulo inkumbulo yale ndoda okungavamile kumele njalo ahlale ezinhliziyweni zethu!