Isibhamu Matchlock. Umlando izibhamu

Ekuqaleni kwawo-we XIII futhi XIV eminyaka, izwe eye yacebisa kakhulu izikhali - kwakukhona ezingabonwayo kuze amasampula kokudutshulwa e izinqolobane wamabutho European. Nokho, powder isisekelo yabo, senihlale isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba yasungulwa eChina, kodwa kukhona ukusetshenziswa kwaso kwamenyezelwa kungagcini iziqhumane. BaseYurophu baye bazibonakalisa abantu abaningi esisebenzayo, futhi ngokushesha yinkundla yempi phathelana esakazwa cannonade.

izikhali ezintsha futhi engakaze ibonwe

Inkathi nezibhamu yokukhiqiza inganono kuqala. Naphezu bakudala yabo futhi bengaphelele, ngokushesha wadala inzuzo enkulu lempi. Uma amandla akhe okubhubhisa kwezibhamu kwaba ongaphakeme, umphumela ngokwengqondo kwisicelo sabo zinkulu. Enough ukucabanga ukuthi kumelwe ukuba wayejabule kangakanani ngesikhathi emehlweni nezitha flash bright ephelezelwa ukubhonga esabekayo futhi ifu intuthu. Futhi prosvistevshee core emoyeni futhi empeleni aphulwe odongeni le nqaba, akazange ukwandisa nethemba.

Kwakuphakathi nesikhathi esithile ngaphambi imibono ukuklanywa armourers lasendulo utshelwa ukuba adale ngesisekelo wezikhali besiyoba sikhulu futhi Clumsy version zabo ezincane. Lo mklamo wavumela amasosha ubambe isibhamu ngesandla, nangokuligcina ukuhamba okwanele ukubabulala isitha buqamama. Ngakho-ke sengathi matchlock isibhamu okokuqala.

Idivayisi iyona izibonelo bokuqala ukudayiswa kwezikhali ezincane

kudivayisi Technical, kuba okusikhumbuza amadlozi ayo - ngesibhamu. By the way, ngisho amagama wabo ayefana. Ngokwesibonelo, gunsmiths Western Europe ukukhiqiza okuthiwa bombardelly - inguqulo encane bombards futhi baseRussia baye basakaza ruchnitsy, wasebenzisa ngokudubula nalo. Amasampula lokuqala lezi zikhali kuyinto tube lensimbi cishe imitha ubude bese amasentimitha kuze kube amane obukhulu. Omunye ukuphela kwayo wenza zomile, imbobo yamba phezu ukuthungela.

Lokhu tube laligcwele phama ukuba ngebhokisi lamapulangwe, abethela nalokho ngu metal izindandatho. Ishaja ngesifonyo isibhamu. It elachithwa luthuli luthuli, okuyinto ohlangene usebenzisa wad. Khona-ke umgqomo ukuthi lalifuna inhlamvu. Ngo izibonelo ekuseni yendima yayo kwenziwe amatshe amancane ubukhulu efanelekayo. Ngemva kwalokho, wathatha isibhamu wayekulungele ukulwa. Ngangibona kuphela uwulethe eziqondiwe uwulethe esikhipha ukuthungela imbobo ku induku Yengcweti Yethusi metal.

okutholakele Technical gunsmiths

Njengoba kusetshenziswa kakhulu izikhali ezincane eziphendulwa umoya zaqala ukusetshenziswa, it is njalo ngcono. Ngokwesibonelo, matchlock isibhamu xv ekhulu lokuqala kwakudingeka ukuthungela imbobo ngakwesokudla, futhi eshalofini ekhethekile lamiswa eduze ke, lapho lamiswao powder imbewu. Lo mklamo baba nethuba: ngokuletha ntambo eshalofini (kuleli cala - induku esikhipha), umdubuli hhayi igqitshwa umgomo, njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili. Ngenxa enjalo ngcono ayinzima kungenzeka kakhulu ngezelela sokudubula.

Izinguquko elandelayo, okuyinto usebhekene isibhamu matchlock, Kwakubonakala lid ensikeni ivikela eshalofini nge powder imbewu kusuka umswakama nokuchayeka emoyeni. Futhi kuba real lobuchwepheshe ukufohla okusungulile ingashiwo linseed ntambo esikhundleni red-hot steel induku. nitrate Okwenziwe noma iwayini utshwala, it smoldered isikhathi eside futhi uyazigcwalisa kahle umsebenzi walo, evutha fuse.

Ukusungulwa kwe-inhlamvu

Kodwa matchlock isibhamu ubudala waqhubeka ungakhululekile. Inkinga yayiwukuthi shot kwakudingeka alethe eshalofini Ingalo powder imbewu, ngenxa ngokuvamile lokho kuyinto miss ngokudutshulwa. Nokho, gunsmiths sixazulula le nkinga. Babhola imbobo ngebhokisi lamapulangwe, futhi bekubonakala idlule band metal ngesimo uhlamvu S, is movably abethela phakathi.

Kuze kube sekupheleni engenhla ke buqondene emashalofini oluze, abethela yefilakisi, futhi engxenyeni engezansi inomsebenzi efanayo inhlamvu yesimanje ngezikhali ezincane. Wayibamba umunwe wakhe engxenyeni engenhla ngokuwa, fuse luvutha neziqhumane, walandela badutshulwe. Lo mklamo ukulondolozwa abacibishelayo kusukela isidingo sokuhlale eduze Yengcweti Yethusi ensimini.

Ekupheleni kwe-matchlock muzzleloader xv ekhulwini ofakelwe nedivaysi ekhethekile, nakakhulu ngakho ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwenzeka lesi sigameko sokudubula. Kwakuwusuku matchlock lokuqala, isibhamu prototype ukuvalwa esizayo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ke kwaba ifakwe isivikelo ivikela iso Bhalobhasha nganoma kokugqashuka ukuthungela of neziqhumane. Lo mklamo yayinezinto eziningi ukwenziwa amakhosi of England.

Ukuphuca imiphongolo futhi zikagwayi ngcono

Esikhathini yoma ngekhulu XVI luyingqophamlando ngcono izikhali ezincane bekulokhu ukuvela imiphongolo lokuqala rifled. Bakhandwa yasungulwa gunsmiths kusukela eNuremberg, kanye nokusebenza ezintsha ezifana ngokushesha kwaba sobala njengoba rifled isibhamu matchlock bavunyelwe hit okuhloswe lokhu akwenze ngokunemba okukhulu.

Kuba nezinguquko eziphawulekayo okuzwiwa nalesi sikhathi, futhi Butt. Ngaphambi ukuthi wayeqinisile, futhi ngokudutshulwa ke ephumule ngokumelene esifubeni, okwabangela ngokuphazamiseka okukhulu. amakhosi French wamnika ukuma lwalugobile, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola isiqondiso namandla ukufinyela kuyinto emuva hhayi kuphela, njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili, kodwa phezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungaba Butt oba ngokumelene ehlombe. Kuyinto lokhu design isibe zakudala futhi uselokhu ngobubanzi namuhla.

Ukuvela matchlock muskets

Ngu ekupheleni nezibhamu ngesandla XVI ekhulwini ekugcineni kwathatha simise uhlobo ezimele, ngubani ukuyeka unaphakade design, kusukela izinkinga wezikhali zakhe. Phakathi nale nkathi, emnyango ububanzi emnyangweni wezempi amagama isichazamazwi ezifana ntambo musket arquebus, musket, nokunye. I gunsmiths design umqondo leyo minyaka emenza ngcono ezingasho.

Ngokwesibonelo, musket owaziwa kakhulu wavela emva umqondo wazalwa ukubeka esindayo matchlock isibhamu on a support ngokuthi podsoshkom. Kunengqondo okusungulile elula ngokwanele, kodwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukunemba zebanga, ukwandisa ubukhulu umgqomo futhi ukwakha okungeziwe fighter. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe izikhali efakwe kule nokucacisa we Hermitage, has iqoqo ocebile amasampula ukudayiswa kwezikhali ezincane wangaleyo nkathi.

Okumbi Wick izikhali

Kodwa yonke imizamo yokuthuthukisa, kancane ngaphambi isibhamu musket matchlock ngekhulu le-15. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, ngaphambi kokuba wenze shot, kwathiwa kudingeka, uhlezi ngesidunu emhlabathini, ukuzumeka kuwo Ubuningi obanele powder. Khona-ke, usebenzisa wad futhi ramrod, kahle ngophawu bese uphonsa singene inhlamvu. Ngalesosikhathi thela ku powder eshalofini imbewu, uvale lid bese ufaka yefilakisi. Khona-ke amboze futhi uvula kabusha kuphela ngemva kokuthatha kakade inhloso. Ukuhlolwa wabonisa ukuthi wonke le nqubo ithatha imizuzu okungenani ezimbili, esimweni ukulwa kakhulu. Kodwa ngisho kule izikhali zwe elingaphelele, abe umlilo, uye ngokuyinhloko washintsha indlela ukuziphatha yempi.

I impumelelo izikhali Russian

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi muskets, wenza eRussia ngekhulu XVII lalisetshenziswa impi, kanye Dutch, neze kunabayeni kuya yokugcina ngenxa yezimfanelo zakhe zesibhakela, futhi amasampula ngamunye kakhulu kunabo. Ngalesi sikhathi ibutho Russian ngokuyinhloko washintsha ngenxa izinguquko kwenziwe ke, ngenxa nezidingo isimo zomlando nezombusazwe leyo minyaka. Ukuvikela isimo kusukela imizamo engaphezi zobudlova omakhelwane Western sesimanje ibutho kwakudingekile futhi omunye izingxenye zalo bekulokhu ngcono izikhali, kuhlanganise izikhali ezincane.

usizo German ngokudubula musket

Ubuchwepheshe Isicelo muskets wesikhathi kuboniswa kahle eyanyatheliswa ngo 1608 e-Germany, iwuhlelo olukhethekile iyithuluzi ukuqeqeshelwa infantrymen. It is ngokucebile kuboniswa nge yokuqoshwa umculi Yakova Van Gein, ubonisa indlela yokulayisha izindlela sokuprakthiza yokwelashwa izibhamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imidwebo uvumele kumfundi wanamuhla ukuba baqonde indlela ukubheka ngokugcwele ukulwa igiya imicibisholo.

Kusobala ebonakalayo mikhondo okuthiwa Bandelier - amabhande, ezigugile phezu ehlombe langakwesokunxele lapho inamathelisiwe eziyishumi nanhlanu lesikhumba iziqukathi futhi ngamunye uqukethe okukodwa of neziqhumane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, fighter ibhande kwadingeka negabha nge ezomile imbewu othulini powder. Phelelisa le sikhwama ngubo nge pyzhami kanye izinhlamvu. Mangisho ukuthi yalolu hlobo namuhla elinenani elikhulu, futhi emnyuziyamu ezingavamile izikhali has it nokucacisa yabo.