Likuphi eCarthage, futhi yini uphawu lwakhe umlando?

Ancient iCarthage - kwelinye lamazwe ambalwa ngubani ziyethile yinselele ngempela ukugwema amabutho aseRoma ngowesithathu BC leminyaka. Ukunqoba waseRoma kwaholela ukuphela nyá kwempucuko yabo yokuthola ubukhulu abakhaliphile futhi iCarthage ngokungabi nabulungisa ukhohlwe. Nakuba kunjalo, uMbuso nakho sekuyingxenye umnqobi yimpumelelo futhi okuphawulekayo umdlali geopolitical endulo.

ICarthage yasungulwa ngo 814 BC bamakoloni baseFenike eThire. Kodwa eFenike kakade ngekhulu VIII yanqotshwa Assyria kuqala kwaholela kutimela nakwamanye amakoloni baseFenike, futhi okwesibili, izwe kuye kwabangela ukundiza izakhamuzi zakhona eziningi (ezinye ukuhlala koloni yamuva). ICarthage waba umholi omusha esifundeni, owawuhlala endaweni yaleli dolobha wangaphambili. Indawo lapho waseCarthage (indawo yayo ezindawo), wamvumela ukuba uqinise nje kuphela kodwa futhi kancane kancane amandla abo kanye nethonya esifundeni.

Laliqhele ogwini oluseNyakatho Afrika, okuyinto kunqunywa zasolwandle ukubusa kanye nokuhweba impumelelo yayo. Inkantolo, wawela Mediterranean, nakanjani ladabula phakathi Sicily (ingxenye elise Sekuyisikhathi eside ubuswa abaseCarthage, futhi ekugcineni yanqoba kakade ekhulwini IV BC), okuqondwe uMbuso ukusungula imithetho yayo kolwandle. By VI ekhulwini BC le labantu inhlokodolobha ifinyelele abantu abayizinkulungwane 70, futhi kwaba idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke kulo lonke esisentshonalanga yeMedithera.

I sina izimbangi lempi States uqale amaGreki asendulo, owaqala ku VII ekhulwini ikoloni layo lonke ugu iMedithera. Ikakhulukazi, izimpi yamaGreki Persian kwekhulu V iCarthage labetibambile ohlangothini WasePheresiya. ngxabano Global nge amaGreki wazibonela impumelelo okuxubile futhi ukwehluleka. Nokho, iCarthage enwetshiwe insimu yalo kakhulu ikakhulukazi ngenxa ogwini eliseNyakatho Afrika eningizimu yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia futhi kwezinye iziqhingi kwakufika
Sea. Ngaphezu kwalokho uzuza iCarthage ezidumile futhi ukuhweba ngempumelelo, owawungumnyaka liwumthombo oyinhloko inhlalakahle yomphakathi. abathengisi labo bahamba ngomkhumbi baya ogwini emazwekazini amathathu - Europe, Asia, e-Afrika, okuholela isixuku sabantu ukuthola lapho iCarthage.

Okokuqala ZabaseCarthage neMpi

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini III BC kwaqina Roman Republic wayesengaba imbangi sina ukuba iCarthage. ukungqubuzana yabo kwabangelwa mvelo we Latins ukuze sandise Holdings zabo, okuholela kobungane nobudlelwane ngaphambili phakathi kwabo baqala baba muncu.

Okokuqala ZabaseCarthage neMpi (amaRoma ayembiza abaseCarthage punami) waqala ngo-264 BC, ikakhulukazi amandla okubusa esikhathini Sicily zamasu. Okuwukuphela kwesizathu esenza amaRoma wabusa izimpi ezweni, kodwa cishe lutho ongamelana ngoxhaxha iCarthage. Kwaba kuphela 241, lapho imikhumbi kanye iCarthage ibutho kakade ukhathele, amaRoma bakwazi evela umzamo wabo wokugcina ukuqoqa amasosha, ezihambayo yaseshashalazini e-Afrika. Njengoba ayenqotshiwe amaRoma iziqhingi yaqedwa Egatskih Okokuqala ZabaseCarthage neMpi, okwaholela ekulahlekelweni isikhundla ovelele kule ndawo futhi eziningi izivumelwano okungekuhle abaseCarthage.

Eyesibili neyesithathu impi ZabaseCarthage

Leso senzakalo wesibili ngxabano izimbangi uyakufanelekela nomunye laligujwa e 218. Emzamweni yokuziphindiselela esiqalweni induna yebutho, uHannibal Barca. Kunalokho ayehlasela enhlonhlweni elwandle Hannibal wahola amabutho akhe waya ukundlula - olunqamula eSpain kanye Alps, endleleni ngokuwina eziningi zokunqoba ezibalulekile (phakathi lapho impi edumile eziyivelakancane at Cannae e 216, buhlungu esinamandla republic nemithambeka ohlangothini Hannibal bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli Italy). Nokho, amaRoma zazisekhona ongema, bese futhi ukuhambisa lokulwa e-Afrika. Ngemva uchungechunge ukunqoba, bona baphinde balulame bathole inzuzo yawo yempi, futhi izinkinga kakhulu isimo abaseCarthage.

Impi ewumnqamula-juqu ukuthi kunqunywe ukunqoba waseRoma,, yiMpi uZama e 202. Nalapha futhi, iCarthage wakwazi ukuthola ukusuka ukunqotshwa. Iminyaka lengemashumi lasihlanu yangembili kamuva edolobheni futhi waba ngomunye abacebe kunabo bonke e-Mediterranean. Ingabe isikhundla salo, kuqala, braked emnothweni waseRoma, futhi okwesibili, kwaba nje kuyingozi.

Ngo 149 BC, republic iboshelwe impi wesithathu. Ukusayina inkontileka ne nobutha iCarthage numudiyskim Massanissoy yinkosi, amaRoma ithole izaba ukungenela ezempi. Amasosha wafikela ogwini oluseNyakatho Afrika, lapho eCarthage, ibutho ERoma wawuvimbezela umuzi. Lokhu kwaqhubeka iminyaka emithathu, kodwa ngagcina balithathe, ukubhujiswa sekuyaphela futhi ukubhujiswa kakhulu sabantu. Esikhathini esizayo, edolobheni wayeqhubeka ephila kuze ukunqoba Arab, kodwa angikaze ngibe ukubaluleka.

Uphi iCarthage yesimanje (ngokunembile, izinsalela zayo), etholakala eduze ngokushesha emzini Tunis - inhloko-dolobha isimo eponymous ku Maghreb.