I kwehlukana zezombusazwe Russia: izimfanelo, imiphumela

Ekhulwini nambili kwaba a nokwahlukana Kievan Rus ku ehlukile, ubukhulu Okusizayo ezimele, kodwa isimo ngokusemthethweni obumbene namanje wayeqhubeka ephila kuze kube inkathi amaMongol ahlasele. Nakuba kusukela 12 kuya ekhulwini le-16 ubhekwa isikhathi yezombusazwe kwehlukana (izinduna), eRussia.

I kwehlukana zezombusazwe Russia: izimfanelo

Phakathi izazi-mlando zanamuhla zisekhona mpikiswano eqhubekayo mayelana yayiyini imbangela ukwehlukana isimo esisodwa eqinile kweqiniso ku eziningana ezincane futhi wahlukana. Kukholakala ukuthi indima eyinhloko e inqubo zomlando eyadlalwa ukuvela izikhulu zendawo. Izikhulu bebusa amazwe ngamanye isiRashiya, akazange ufuna ukwabelana inzuzo ne Kiev isikhulu, boyars wendawo iyafana wake oludingekayo amandla eqinile phansi, ngakho ubizwa besekele isikhundla sabo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqa- 11-12 eminyaka kwakheka simiso ukukhiqizwa jikelele ezidayiswayo, iyunithi kwesakhiwo lapho iba patrimony ehlukile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi fiefdoms, etholakala izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezwe sebeqala sikhiqiza imikhiqizo kuphela ukusetshenziswa yabo, kodwa awuthengiswa. Ngenxa yalokho, lo exchange ukuhweba phakathi emazweni isimo olulodwa cishe sithule. Indawo ngayinye ngaphansi kokulawula isikhulu esisodwa, kuba ezizimele ngokugcwele futhi uyakwazi kahle ngaphandle ukusekela emazweni angomakhelwane.

A yokuphila umzimba, ukuthuthukiswa igeja lokulima sezishiye anda amandla zamasosha emhlabathini. Kancane kancane kuphenduke leliqembu labaqaphi bokuzibeka abaninimhlaba abanesifiso yokuthi izinto zabo ziye zaba ngokuphelele ezimele kwemithetho kazwelonke. Kule ndaba, uhlelo isakhiwa okuthiwa amasosha omzimba, owawuthi boyars, abanikazi bamazwe wathola ukuzimela egcwele Grand Duke, baba abanikazi egcwele izimpahla zabo, wayenelungelo lokwenqaba ukusungula imithetho eqondile endaweni yayo. Yingakho esiphethweni sokuthi kwehlukana zezombusazwe zalo Rus 'kwaba umphumela ukuthuthukiswa kobunikazi yangasese kanye leliqembu labaqaphi bokuzibeka kwathatha ukuphila umzimba. Maphakathi nekhulu le-12 ngesisekelo ekhona emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, isimo esisodwa yakhiwa principalities ezimele mayelana nanhlanu. Isibalo umhlaba esizimele Kiev ukhula ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu, futhi 14 leminyaka kuze kube angamakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu. Zokwakheka ngobukhulu isimo kule nkathi yesikhathi babe republic Novgorod, Galicia-naseVolyn, uVladimir-Suzdal ubukhulu. Njalo ubukhulu onjalo akanaso nhlobo futhi ezimele kusukela abanye, has currency waso, owayeyisikhulu sebutho elilodwa, njll Ubudlelwano phakathi amakhanda wonke amazwe ihanjiswa ngesisekelo izivumelwano kanye namasiko. Izimpi zombango uma kwenziwe, it is ezingavamile kakhulu, ngesisekelo zabo - isifiso ukuze sandise izwe labo kuze kube ubukhulu engumakhelwane.

I kwehlukana zezombusazwe Russia: Imiphumela

Imiphumela eyinhloko kwehlukana zezombusazwe zalo Kievan Rus kwakuyilawa:

• ukuthuthukiswa emazweni amasha ukutshala okusanhlamvu, ukuthuthukiswa ongumlimi umnotho;
• ekuqiniseni amandla isonto, nethonya layo empilweni yamasiko izwe;
• alo kohlelo ecacile sabaphathi amakhosi asendulo.

okuthuthukisa ezolimo, ukukhula ngokushesha ezisemadolobheni, ekhishwa ahlukene principalities Russian enkundleni ngamazwe, ukuthuthukiswa izakhiwo, ilandisa - lawa ngemiphumela kwehlukana izinduna ka Rus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nokwahlukana ephelele nezombusazwe esimweni akazange athathe indawo. Amandla isikhulu Kiev Selokhu kwathi nhlo ukhona, kodwa ukwenzela ukungena okuncane kakhulu kakhulu. Ukholo Orthodox phakathi naso sonke isikhathi ukwahlukana united abantu bazo zonke principalities isiRashiya, ubuholi bonke inhlangano yesonto ezandleni Metropolitan of Kiev. Ngaphambi ingozi zangaphandle Kiev isikhulu wasebenza njengomfundisi wasemuva eyodwa isimo Russian. kwehlukana Political Russia isibe yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isimo endleleni eya yinye yakhe ephakeme yesikhathi esizayo, tembusave netemnotfo Take-off.