Kuyini ubukhomanisi kazwelonke?

Ukuze ngokugcwele isihloko, kubalulekile ukuchaza lokho kuyinto ubukhomanisi kazwelonke. Iyini indima oyifezayo umlando wezwe lethu kanye nezwe? Phela, ubukhomanisi kazwelonke - liyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yonke indaba!

definition

Ngakho, ubukhomanisi kazwelonke - enhlangano yezombusazwe, elimalungu alo wafuna ukuhlanganisa akuhambisani: kobuKhomanisi ubuzwe. I okwenziwe ngaleli Lokhu kuthiwa kubangelwa ngokuyinhloko Ukraine ka 1917-1920, okuyinto wawuyingxenye wangaphambili Empire Russian. Injongo wobukhomanisi kazwelonke kwaba ukudala kwasekuqaleni, isimo sezenhlalo, kanti okwesibili, umphakathi lamaKhomanisi, okuyinto sisuselwe kazwelonke, izici zamasiko kanye indawo lobuzwe ehlukile.

Futhi abameleli esemqoka yalolu movement in the Ukraine abangu: Nikolay Hvylevoy Nicholas Skrypnyk, u-Alexander Shumsky, uMichael Volobuev.

Izici

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lokhu kuhamba icala yekwakha imiphakatsi lamaKhomanisi, kodwa kufanele ziye zasekelwa izithakazelo yobuzwe babo ikakhulukazi. Umqondo wobukhomanisi kazwelonke, amaqembu ukuthi bamsekela kwaba ayenqaba ephelele esikhundleni esikweni lesizwe nganoma ngaluphi ulimi jikelele, namasiko. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi lo mkhuba babesekela umbono wokuba isimo esihlukile ezimele, okungena union republic sezenhlalo ngesisekelo yokuzithandela. Ngokuhambisana osekushiwo, ukuhamba ubukhomanisi kazwelonke ukuba ngimbuze kwembulunga yonke futhi cosmopolitanism.

Insimu, okuyinto ukusakaza enhlangano yezombusazwe

Yiqiniso, lokhu kuhamba zazingekho kuphela ensimini Ukraine, kodwa futhi kwezinye ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union, ezifana Georgia.

Kodwa-Ukrainian ubukhomanisi kazwelonke, wayelokhu engumuntu enamandla kakhulu phakathi ezingama-republic. Moscow ngenkuthalo elwa izenzakalo ezinjalo, futhi kwacaca ukuthi ukuze uziqede, kodwa esimweni nohulumeni Ukrainian kuhlulekile. Phela, i-Ukraine njalo kuthathwe umzabalazo esebenzayo sokuzibusa, okuyinto wafuna. Isimo esifanayo kwaba, futhi ngemva Revolution, lapho Ukrainian Republic iwine ilungelo ubizwe geqe ngo-1920. Nokho, eMoscow, ushiye lesi sivumelwano nje ephepheni, saqhubeka simelela Ukraine emazweni omhlaba, lapho uhulumeni basabela umbhikisho yakamuva.

Nokho, ngemva kokumiswa eU.SSR isimo Ukraine ezimele waqala ngokushesha ukulahlekelwa. Ngemva uhulumeni wakhe wafuna azokuqhubela Ukrainization okugcwele esikhundleni labo amandla abantu ekubeni izimpande Ukrainian kuphela. Nokho, iziphathimandla eMoscow babe lezi zinyathelo ukuze nengcindezelo yezwe abantu Russian endaweni Ukraine Republic. Kulokhu kucindezeleka, ukunyakaza zezombusazwe e-Ukraine owashaywa kambi endaweni National Bolshevism.

Ubukhomanisi kaZwelonke. Umlando zezombusazwe nesenzakalo

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ukuvela kwalesi ukunyakaza kungokwalabo Ukraine. Yasungulwa kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala kakhulu kwamandla Soviet. Okubalulekile ngesikhathi incwajana Mazlaha Rascal futhi okwakubizwa ngokuthi "The Wave". abalobi wayo ayeqiniseka ukuthi achithe lo mkhuba nengcindezelo yezwe, ezisele ngemuva wazonda umbuso tsarist engavumelekile itholakala kuphela uma unqamula Ukraine ngaphansi koMbuso Russian. Laba bantu babekholelwa nokuthi iCommunist Party of Ukraine kufanele iguqulwe ibe inhlangano ehlukile zezombusazwe. Isibhamu kanye Rascal ngokhahlo wagxeka isimo sengqondo sikahulumeni, owayesesimweni eMoscow ukuba inkinga Ukrainian kazwelonke. Abalobi yencwajana ethi ngiphuphe yobuKhomanisi Ukraine ezimele, kodwa kuyizinto ezimbili akuhambisani ngokuphelele.

Ngakho, incwajana ethi "Wave" luye lwaba umthombo wokuqala, owaveza imibono kazwelonke-ubukhomanisi, nokuthi abantu bayokwahlulelwa kanjani ukuzalwa inkambo entsha, awusona ngenakugwemeka wokugoqa.

Ngokuvamile, le nhlangano ihlanganisa izitayela ezombusazwe ahlukene futhi izinkomba, umbono wawo wawuvame ukuba a 'kabusha lamaKhomanisi yazo zonke zamatshe nomphakathi wamaSoviet. "

Izimbangela ukuhamba zenhlalo-ubukhomanisi insimu Ukrainian

Ukuvela lo mkhuba e-Ukraine kwabangelwa amaqiniso zombusazwe sikhathi, futhi mhlawumbe yokungavuthwa nokuhlukanisa inkokhelo Ukrainian mkhuba yeningi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngempela isamba umxhwele intando yeningi Ukrainian Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ukugwema isimo esibi ngeke kuphela abambisane amaBolshevik. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ubukhomanisi kazwelonke, omlando wakhe eduze ngakho zithandelana iziphathimandla zaseSoviet, ethola isahlulelo sokufa.

Ukrainization nokufeza yayo

Lo mkhankaso kwaqala Ukraine ngo-1920. Inhloso Ukrainization kwaba, okokuqala, ukuze ususe zonke ozimele ubuholi bokwehla Ukraine, kanti okwesibili, ukwethula ulimi Ukraine kuwo wonke amazinga emphakathini.

Impumelelo main kwaba ekuphumeleliseni ngalokuphelele Ukrainization we ulimi Ukraine kuwo wonke amazinga kunokwenzeka. abameleli zamanje Wangifulathelisela semthethweni isinyathelo kazwelonke kwamakhomanisi Ukraine. Futhi impumelelo izuzwe emkhakheni inqubo yamasiko, okuyinto eyenziwa emzabalazweni chauvinism Russian nobuzwe Ukraine. abameleli zamanje wadala yeseli ekhelini we ulimi Ukraine namasiko Ukraine.

National ubuKhomanisi ngaphansi Stalin ukuyiveza kanzima. Futhi bonke labo babesekela umbono kanye nokunyakaza, ithunyelwa labadubuli. Ngenxa yalesi, yebo, izishoshovu kakhulu wazonda kakhulu futhi esaba umbusi zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Izimbangela social-ubukhomanisi eRussia

Ngakho, ulwazi lokuqala mayelana Social -Democracy eRussia, okuyinto yaba ubukhomanisi ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, uvele lapho Georgi Plekhanov lihunyushelwe olimini bomdabu "Communist Manifesto."

Khansela e Russian Empire serfdom okuyihlazo ngo-1861 kwaba imbangela ngokushesha insimu ka ubudlelwano Russian isicebi, okwakuyinto ngaphambili. Nokho, kuleli zwe ingakafundiseki izisekelo efanayo: autocracy, amalungelo ngoba kwamadoda asebukhosini, omkhulu lawela izigodi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu baqala ukukhula umlingisi mbuso ka kwemizwa. Khona-ke waqala ukuhlela amaqembu ahlukahlukene ezombusazwe, kuhlanganise Russian Social-Democratic Party. Ngakho, le ndaba sinyenya siya izinguquko ezinkulu ezweni lonke.

Futhi nangu ekuqaleni samanje wokwakha party ukubeka Congress wesi-2 Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party ngo-1903, owawusedolobheni London. Ngalesi Congress sasisayina imibhalo esemqoka kanye nezinhlelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezenhlalo-ubukhomanisi eRussia. Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi lawa congresses ayikwazanga ngokufanele kwenziwe on ensimini of the Empire, isiRashiya, ngoba umsebenzi onjalo ngaleso sikhathi kwaba akunakwenzeka eRussia.

On okufanayo 2 nd Congress kwakuyikho impela wahlukanisa amaBolshevik kanye Mensheviks, kamuva kwaholela izenzakalo engelapheki zomlando eyashintsha Russia ngokuphelele.

I ukubonakaliswa bale nhlangano eVietnam

Kuyini Vietnamese emangalisayo ubukhomanisi kazwelonke? Indaba uya ukuthi kwakufufusa iQembu Lamakhomanisi Lase wazalwa eVietnam ngo-1951 futhi yaba khona yagcina kuze 1981. Isinqumo ku ukusungulwa iCommunist Party of Vietnam kwavunyelwana ngayo iCongress of the ICP ngonyaka 51 th. Lapho eqala khona, khona-ke alishiye French Communist Party ne yena, ngokwayo ihlukaniswa ibe 3 eziningi: Khmer Yabantu Revolutionary Party le Lao People sika Party kanye Vietnam Labour Party.

Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi YaseVietnam waqala ukuqhubeka asebenzayo umbono ukwakha umphakathi lamaKhomanisi ezweni. Futhi isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba ubukhomanisi kwaba ukusungulwa amabhange kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu. Kakade 1976, South neNyakatho yeVietnam ahlanganisiwe futhi waziwa ngokuthi Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Kakade maphakathi nawo-1970, i-Vietnam isungule ukuhlobana okukhulu ne-USSR, futhi ngo-1976 baphetha isivumelwano sokuba abangane. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuHlangana ngenkuthalo wasiza Vietnam kabusha ngemva ngesihluku imisebenzi yezempi ngo-insimu yalo. ESoviet Union futhi iqhutshelwe phambili ekuqiniseni ubukhomanisi kuleli zwe Vietnam. Kukhona bavame ukuthunyelwa ezikhungweni ochwepheshe Russian abavela emikhakheni eyehlukene. The Union of Vietnamese wafika ku-exchange ukufunda emayunivesithi Soviet.

Kodwa-ke futhi, eVietnam empini Cambodia, bese eChina. Impi akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside, amasonto amathathu nje kuphela, kusukela ngo-February 17 5 Mashi 1979. Yaphela sibonga eSoviet Union, okuyinto wangenela futhi wasiza ayeke kwaba nobutha phakathi Vietnam China ngendlela enokuthula. Kodwa nakuba isikhona isixazululo ngokushesha ukungqubuzana, Vietnam ushiye eziningi abantu, ngenxa yalokho emnothweni iphutha.

Kopisha kombuso wamaSoviet eVietnam kwaholela ubumpofu bakhe obukhulu. Empeleni, kwezinye izingxenye ze-umnotho wezwe yayisekelwe kuphela izinkampani ezizimele. Mayelana lesi simanga wayekade izinguquko eziningana, okwaholela ekutheni abanye imingcele yasuswa, futhi abalimi bakwazi ukuthengisa ezinye imikhiqizo yayo ezimakethe.

Kodwa ngemva iSoviet Union iwa, ngokulandelana, wayeka nosizo republic. Izwe kwadingeka owabo yalesibhicongo ezimbi, ukuze ulwe wenzuzo imbuya. Ngokuqondene nalokhu isimo ezicindezelayo Vietnam ivule imingcele yayo osomabhizinisi European, abaye baqala ukutshala emnothweni umkhakha.

Esikhathini sethu, futhi, Vietnam kuyinto republic sezenhlalo. Manje kukhona ibhizinisi izivakashi uyathuthuka ngenkuthalo. Amaholide e Viet Nam manje sisikhulu phakathi kwabantu Russian.

Ubukhomanisi eVietnam kuboniswa ifomu kancane onomoya omnene, nakuba okusikhumbuza eSoviet Union. Republic livulekele ubudlelwane kwezomnotho kanye nakwamanye amazwe.

izincazelo

Ngakho, udinga ukunikeza incazelo kwemiqondo efana "ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni kazwelonke", "ubukhomanisi" futhi "wobushiqela". Ngoba ngokuvamile abantu acabanga ukuthi bayazi kahle umlando, okungalungile kulezi zincazelo.

Sikazwelonke Sokusebenzela Uhulumeni - kuwuhlobo kudivayisi yomphakathi ehlanganisa socialism nobuzwe (nokucwasa). Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lesi ukunyakaza, esikhundleni salokho, ihlukaniswe sokunene nesobunxele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilungelo osebenza xaxa igama elithi "ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni" futhi eyakhelene-USSR, kodwa kwesokunxele sigxile "ubuzwe", okubhekise ezombusazwe kaHitler based on nokucwasa injalo olunzima. Abaningi bathi lokhu kwencazelo wobushiqela, futhi akazange abone Ungakanani umehluko.

Fascism - ohlangothini lwezombusazwe kuhlanganisa ubushiqela, futhi ukusetshenziswa nobudlova obedlulele (ikakhulukazi luthinte abantu bamaJuda). Sihlanganisa nge ubuzwe noma ngesiko nokucwasana. Lokhu ukuhamba kuholela ekuphikeni ephelele amalungelo esintu kanye nenkululeko, kunosongo emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, namuhla emhlabeni wonke benza izenzo ezibonisa ukulwa nanoma yiziphi izenzo wobushiqela. I imithethosisekelo ebekiwe uchungechunge yonke izihloko ubugebengu noma isiphi isenzo umlingisi undlovukayiphikiswa.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inkantolo kwekhulu lama-21, izenzo wobushiqela, ngeshwa, nendawo e-Europe. Kodwa, ngenhlanhla, umzabalazo esebenzayo kuphambene izenzakalo ezinjalo.

Nokho, kunomehluko futhi ngempela eningi. Ngakho lokho kubonakaliswa?

Umehluko phakathi Sikazwelonke Sokusebenzela Uhulumeni, nobuKhomanisi, nethi Fascism

Futhi umehluko phakathi imiqondo le kanje. Uma wobushiqela ibhekwa isimo njengoba element eyinhloko, bese ufunda: "Isimo kudala isizwe", the nezimboni kazwelonke bachazela umqondo wokuthi izenzo nesimo njengendlela yokuthola ukuze asindise abantu. Umgomo wakhe kwakuwukuba kabusha isimo emphakathini. Sikazwelonke Sokusebenzela Uhulumeni babesekela umbono wokuba yokuhlanza uhlanga, ukulahla zonke ezinye izakhi. Endabeni eJalimane, lo mbono yayiyingxenye le Aryan Nation. AmaNazi wafuna amandla aphelele uqapha zonke izici zokuphila ukuphila ngamunye. Lokhu Kucatshangwa for ukulahlwa amalungelo amaningi abantu ayisisekelo.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-1930 wathatha amandla okubusa eJalimane kwafika Social isizwe, eholwa u-Adolf Hitler. Ngakho-ke, cishe ngemva nje kwalokho waba ukushushiswa abantu bamaJuda, bese baqala bakamalalahlengezela ababhubhise. Lo msebenzi ngokuthi umlando Kwesizwe. Ama-National Socialist bebehlela ukusebenzisa ezinye izizwe abagqilazile ngemva kokubhujiswa amaJuda ekuthatheni umhlaba wonke.

Ngenhlanhla, lo mbono akuzange kube njalo, nakuba kuletsa eziningi usizi lonke labantu. Inani elikhulu lamaJuda babulawa emakamu, abantu abaningi badutshulwe.

Kepha ubukhomanisi, lapha futhi, kukhona ezinye izici. Kodwa okokuqala, kudingeka uchaze ukuthi kuyinto nobukhomanisi.

Ubukhomanisi - kuba amafilosofi zezombusazwe ophika iyiphi impahla yangasese. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu imibono yokungabi nandaba kuyinto nakancane. Okwakushiwo ngokuqondene nale ndaba ibonisa ibinzana elandelayo: "kusukela ngamunye ngokuvumelana amakhono akhe, ukuze ngamunye - ngokusho izidingo zakhe." Isibonelo esimangalisayo ubukhomanisi imele i-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Ubukhomanisi wazama ukwakha khona iminyaka engu-70, kodwa ngeshwa, lemizamo ungazange yimpumelelo, ngoba eSoviet Union angaphambili ayesewile, efakazela bemvelo nakancane nemibono lamaKhomanisi.

Ubukhomanisi National eRussia elihlobene ne-yokwesaba, ukuntuleka lwesintu futhi iliphi ithemba ukuthi umuntu abaxolelwe isenzo bophezela nga him.

izici ezivamile kazwelonke ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni, ubukhomanisi, wobushiqela

Sikazwelonke Sokusebenzela Uhulumeni kanye nethi Fascism izici ezivamile. Chief phakathi kwazo kwakuwukuthi ephelele izithakazelo ngamunye isimo ngabanye kanye uzilawula ngokuphelele isimo phezu zonke kwezakhi zenhlabathi emphakathini futhi indoda.

Zombili lezi imibono kukhona owumthombo unya nokungabi nabulungisa, ngoba singakwazi bahlaziya lezi ukunyakaza, ngokuvumelana Imiphumela okokugcina, abaye bafinyelela ngayo ekupheleni. Akungabazeki ukuthi abameleli lezi zinqubomgomo akazange afune ukubalimaza lizwe. Babezama ukwenza ukwakha umphakathi omusha ekahle (ekuqondeni kwabo). Noma kunjalo, wahluleka ukuqaphela into eyodwa - izithakazelo zabantu abavamile, owahlupheka, wahlupheka usizi olukhulu. Ngokuqinisekile abantu baye bahlaselwa usizi ngokwanele ngokokuqala esibi ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka ezizayo.