Armand de Caulaincourt, lo ohlakaniphile French. "Ayehlasela sikaNapoleon Russia"

Armand de Caulaincourt - lempi French kanye nomholi wezombusazwe waziwa kakhulu memoir yakhe, anikezelwe umkhankaso sikaNapoleon eRussia, kanye ubungane obuseduze abaholi imibuso emibili omkhulu, abaye ndawonye 1812 empini wezimpi ezalandela.

Ebuntwaneni neminyaka yokuqala yokuphila

Ubaba omeluleki ikusasa kukaNapoleon French UNgqongqoshe wezangaPhandle lalingavamile emasotjeni wayehlala nomkhaya wakubo castle lezinceku Caulaincourt ukuthi insimu yabo ngaphansi koMnyango Aisne. Lesishiyagalolunye ngo-December 1773 e kwendlalifa yakhe eside elindelwe wazalwa. Lo mfana okuthiwa Armand.

Njengoba lo mkhaya ezihloniphekayo, ingane yakhe yathola imfundo ekhaya, futhi kuphela 1778 Armand de Caulaincourt, kulandela izinyathelo zikayise, waqala indlela lakhe lempi. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-nanhlanu, umfana wabhalisa angaphandle bobukhosi abakhwele amahhashi ibutho olingana Private. Ngezinye eyishumi nesithupha nengxenye Caulaincourt kwakuyinqubo okwase kuyiminyaka umbuso uLieutenant yesibili, futhi ngo-1791 wakhonza njengephayona wempi kuyise.

ushushiso

1792 bemletha umfana hhayi kuphela izenzakalo siyajabulisa, kodwa futhi enkingeni enkulu. Ekuqaleni, wakhushulelwa isikhundla sokuba ukaputeni, ngokungazelelwe ke ebusosheni. Isizathu salokho yayinesihloko esithi izikhulu oholele izinsolo phakathi uhulumeni waseFrance wamavukelambuso, ngaleso sikhathi nje bafika empini nge e-Austria futhi wachitha phakathi kwababusi ezempi ukuhlanza.

Kodwa Armand de Caulaincourt lalingekho labo give up lula kangaka. Ngawo lowo nyaka wacela National Guard ngaphansi kwe-Paris (egatsheni iRed Cross) amalungelo ezisebenzi zokuzithandela, futhi ngokushesha kakhulu, njengoba bangethemba ukuhola, ekubeni nosayitsheni eziphezulu nge omunye Battalion waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha. Caulaincourt Landelayo yawela phakathi kwababusi grenadiers, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana - ihhashi kusuke kungeyakho. Kubonakala sengathi konke kwahamba kahle, kodwa ke futhi uhlupho imisuka ahlukile. Uma ucabangela nsizwa kuyasolisa kakhulu, lapho aphinde waboshwa khona futhi ejele, nga which he Nokho, kungakabiphi waphelelwa.

ngcono

nge-1794 umsebenzi Caulaincourt ngokushesha okukhulu uya ekukhuphukeni. Ngonyaka owodwa nje Wafinyelela isikhundla induna a isigaba of butho abakhwele amahhashi, okhonza ehhovisi jikelele efanayo wempi Ober Dubail (umngane umndeni). Ngo 1796-m Ober Duban baba inxusa eConstantinople, futhi Armand de Caulaincourt elandelayo.

Ngo Fratsiyu eliselincane emuva 1797-m futhi ukhonza njengesisebenzi umsizi jikelele ebuthweni Meuse futhi Sambre. Kwakukhona isiJalimane, Mayan, futhi Rhine Army. Caulaincourt umusa elisezingeni colonel, wayala induna ibutho of carabineers. Ukubamba iqhaza ku-izimpi isitokwe nangaphansi Venheymom. Phakathi nezinyanga zokugcina walinyazwa kabili, kodwa isitokwe namanje asikabi babi. isabelo sayo zana ngesikhathi sempi futhi Nersheyme mooskirchen.

ukusuka

Ngo 1799 France ke liketulwa Directory futhi empeleni kwaqalisa isikhathi kaNapoleon. Bonaparte sasingakafiki abe umbusi (lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngo 1804), kodwa kwaba inxusa kuqala bese kudlalwa empilweni yomphakathi indima enkulu.

Lesi sikhathi ukusuka ngempela umsebenzi Caulaincourt. Futhi zonke sibonga ukusekelwa omunye umngani ubudala lomkhaya - ". Ungqongqoshe isiFulentshi" Talleyrand, owakhonza ngaphansi Napoleon e elisezingeni Lo muntu ephethwe ukuba ke proteges bakhe baya Petersburg nge siyakuhalalisela kusukela Napoleon u-Alexander Omkhulu, ethathe ubukhosi.

Lolu hambo lwaqala ngo-1801-m futhi yaphela 1802-m. Esikhathini esingaba unyaka eRussia Caulaincourt ungase ukuzakhela igama yena Alexander, futhi ngaleyo ndlela "wabalahla" ngokwabo ku isihe uNapoleon, ngimbonga lokwenza umsebenzi.

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-usomaqhinga yimpumelelo baba wempi ka uNapoleon, futhi ngokushesha wayesebika baphathiswa umsebenzi ihlola i ezitebeleni zokuhlonipha ezimela.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, Caulaincourt, ngubani wayengakabi kwabaneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala, ngikutholile izandla zabo phezu umyalo we ibutho abagibele amahhashi yebutho Rhine.

umonakalo omkhulu idumela

Ngonyaka kwakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi yasebukhosini Napoleon nge Armand de Caulaincourt kwenzeka indaba edabukisayo. Umyalo usiyale ukuba nginikeze isikhulu Baden umlayezo oqukethe isicelo ukuncibilikisa Baden amayunithi ezempi. Ngo emfundweni Kwakungekho lutho neze olubi, kodwa abahleli ubugebengu wasebenzisa Duke njengendlela screen. Uthe wathunjwa kanye Caulaincourt kwabonakala abathintekayo kuleli cala ngqo.

UColonel Idumela uvalo ngemva igalelo sina. Kodwa emehlweni ozithandayo yakhe Napoleon wawa. UMbusi wavuma umqondo wokuthi Caulaincourt umane anezinhlaka. Bonaparte wabonisa ukuqiniseka nentshiseko eyengeziwe futhi isilwane sakho ngaphezu elengamele ezitebeleni zokugcina abaphathiswe ukulawula ukugujwa nenhlonipho e senkantolo yasebukhosini.

Anikele egameni isevisi

Izikhungo esigodlweni kamnandi kuyize Armand de Caulaincourt, ngubani 1805 ukhushuliwe ezinkulu jikelele bese waklonyeliswa umyalelo zokuhlonipha Imperial. Kodwa abanjalo impumelelo umsebenzi omkhulu-ke ngeshwa, hhayi ngaphandle abalimala. Indawo Bonaparte kwakubiza, futhi omunye izidingo awo Caulaincourt igebe nowesifazane ayemthanda.

Napoleon banamathela kwezinkambiso wobunxiwankulu zokuziphatha, hhayi isahlukaniso wabingelela. A incekukazi udumo ngesikhathi Madame de Canisius Empress ohlukanisile. Caulaincourt wayefuna ngempela ukumshada, kodwa engakwazi.

Phakathi kukaNapoleon Alexander

Kwenye yezimpi yena Arman zithathelwe Napoleon ngesikhathi sekhefu ibhola inganono, futhi lo mbusi baba injabulo ngisho ngaphezulu protégé yakhe. He pha kuye dukedom, futhi 1807, Caulaincourt wathola isikhundla esisha - "Inxusa France eRussia. "Kuyiqiniso ukuthi Petersburg Patriot wezwe lakubo angazange ayishise isifiso ukuya, kodwa akazange owayengalokotha angawulaleli Bonaparte.

ERussia, Arman iminyaka emihlanu, futhi zonke lezi iminyaka emithathu izama ukumisa okwakuzokwenzeka sisondela ngokungenakuvinjelwa - Impi phakathi imibuso emibili. Kepha u-Aleksandru, okuyinto eyaba abakhulu, futhi Napoleon Caulaincourt ihlonishwa kakhulu futhi bethandwa. Lokhu kwamvimbela ekuthatheni yiluphi uhlangothi olulodwa. Wavuma inhloli neFrance, uma icelwa Bonaparte, kodwa hlola Alexander enikeziwe. Nokho, kwenzeka singahlosile - umuntu okukuye Duke owethulwa umbusi waseRussia, nomvikeli zakhe esezinesikhathi eside zimkhonza Tayleran, wake wanqotshwa ithonya Alexander bambikela ukwaziswa okuwusizo kusukela enkantolo French.

Caulaincourt ngokuphindaphindiwe ubambe izingxoxo nezinhlaka Napoleon phezu inadmissibility zempi, futhi ekugcineni le Umbusi wanquma ukuthi Tsar Russian waqoqa kuye. Umphumela waba yokwesula esikhundleni sekuba inxusa of iNkosana. Caulaincourt ephindela eFrance ngo-1811.

Impi ye-1812

Futhi 1812 kodwa kwaphinda futhi kwagqashuka impi futhi iNkosana Kwabuye kwaba eRussia. Kuphela manje indima usomaqhinga akuyona, njengoba umhlali.

Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kudingeka achithe isikhathi eduze uNapoleon, futhi aqhubeka zikhulume isinyathelo sezempi. Kwake kwenzeka lokhu ebukhoneni kuka-Alexander Omkhulu, ngesikhathi sezingxoxo. Bonaparte Wakwata nge protege yakhe, akazange akhulume naye amasonto ambalwa. Futhi ngisho wabonisa uzwela ukufa umfowabo omncane Caulaincourt empini Borodino.

Nalapha baletha ndawonye kuKesari futhi uMbusi nobunzima ndawonye: izinsuku elinezinkathazo ayichitha inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, evutha, bese ngendlela ehlazisayo ukubuya ekhaya.

ngemva kwempi,

Ethi The War of 1812 yaphela kabi kakhulu France futhi Napoleon yena. Njengoba wazi, waphoqeleka ukuba asuke e umusa ngenxa yendodana yakhe. Kodwa ngisho Caulaincourt elindelwe umfutho. Ngisho umbusi, Bonaparte kwadingeka isikhathi ukwenza aphoyintimenti ezibalulekile, futhi ozithandayo yakhe kwaba okuthunyelwe sina - ". Ungqongqoshe isiFulentshi" Kuleli qhaza lethu, Ukuholele ngokuphindaphindiwe izingxoxo zokuthula, wancenga u-Alexander ngabodwa sikaNapoleon ku esiqhingini Elba , esikhundleni ukufa kungenzeka.

Abdication ka Bonaparte kwaba nethonya elihle ku-siqu ukuphila Caulaincourt. Wakwazi ukushada othandekayo wakhe.

Ayithinteki iNkosana nokubuyiselwa - zonke noyedwa imizi yakhe wahlala naye. Mhlawumbe, lokhu kwaba umphumela ubudlelwane obuhle umbusi waseRussia.

Kodwa ngokushesha isihe inkantolo French Caulaincourt elahlekile. Umkhakha osanda yinkosi bancishwa kuye kuzo zonke izikhundla. UNgqongqoshe iNkosana kwaba kuze 1814.

"Uvuko" nokuwa

Ngosuku lokuqala kwentwasahlobo 1815, uNapoleon waphindela eFrance futhi waqala ukubusa futhi. Ikilasi lokuqala ohlakaniphile French waphinda wazithola ngusihlalo uNgqongqoshe wezangaPhandle. Waqhubeka unamathele Umucu wako, ukuthi uzama bebambisana Bonaparte futhi kabi Europe. Kodwa kwaba nhlanga zimuka nomoya. Napoleon wayelangazelela ukuzwa impi, futhi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu ofuna ekugcineni bamsuse, eyagcina kwenzeka - Bonaparte wahlulwa empini yakhe yokugcina.

Ngo-June 1815 Caulaincourt waba kontanga yeFrance, futhi ngo-July wabuyela esihlalweni sobukhosi Bourbons. Napoleon wagudluzwa. Kusukela ebuyele ukuwa kwaba ncamashi eziyikhulu namashumi izinsuku.

Armand kwadingeka ukuba baboshwe, kodwa waphinda wasiza umuntu Russian - kumbusi. Le sipho ukuthuthela Petersburg Caulaincourt wenqaba okusele yezinsuku zakhe wahlala ekhaya, ayisekho bangazihluphi izikhundla eziphakeme futhi isehlane ngokuphelele kwezepolitiki.

Isikhathi esiningi ukubhala Umlando wakhe mayelana nempi iminyaka eyishumi nanye ( "ayehlasela sikaNapoleon yeRussia). Washona ngo 1827, nesishiyagalolunye ka-February. Ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe eneminyaka engu ayisihlanu nantathu.

Armand de Caulaincourt: "ayehlasela sikaNapoleon Russia" (Umlando)

Ngo Umlando wakhe mayelana nempi Russia, umbhali wencwadi memoir Wachaza izenzakalo yaleyo minyaka e ngisho nasemininingwaneni emincane kakhulu. Vala uNapoleon, wayengumuntu usuku lonke, ngakho isikhathi kahle ukuhlola ubuntu bakhe futhi wagquma imibono yakhe ephepheni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho Bonaparte izici zikhona izinkumbulo kanye izindaba zabanye izimbiza ezinkulu yebutho isiFulentshi, kanye ngo-Alexander.

Kuvele nomholi wezempi abanolwazi, engachazi nje kwempi, kodwa futhi uyazifeza umsebenzi kohlaziyo, ukhuluma ngani izizathu kokugqashuka ubutha nesokuphela okuhlazisayo French yabo.

Umlando Ibhalwe Armand de Caulaincourt emnandi kakhulu, kube lula ukuwufunda. Ngokokuqala ngqá incwadi yanyatheliswa kuphela 1833, futhi oyigugu wokukhiqiza mlando, kodwa yathinta nayo yonke wabathanda impi ka Napoleon ne Russia, lapho yabhubhisa khona umbusi omkhulu.