Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov: Biography (isithombe)

Ezweni lethu nasemhlabeni wonke Kuyaziwa igama Cosmonaut Leonov. Alexei Leonov lokuqala emkhathini wenza ukuqopha ividiyo, kokushiya mkhathi. Kulesi sihloko sizokubonisa kwaba kanjani futhi kungani waklonyeliswa Hero isihloko kweSoviet Union ukuze kuqalise ukusebenza umsebenzi enjalo ebonakala ilula ngokwanele. Futhi uchaze ukuthi kungani, ngoba lolu hambo Sergey Korolov wakhetha ke. Biography Alekseya Leonova - kuyinto isiphetho ovamile yaseSoviet yokuthuthela umndeni abavamile kakhulu.

ebuntwaneni

Alexei Leonov wazalwa ngo-1934 edolobhaneni laseSiberia Listvyanka, okuyinto Itholakala eKemerovo esifundeni. Umkhaya omkhulu ohlala ayezoba ingane lwesishiyagalombili, wahlanganyela zabasebenzi ongumlimi. Ubaba, a ngogesi ujantshi kusukela Donbass, ngemva kulwiwa, wathuthela eSiberia ngoba uyise, umkhulu astronaut esizayo, futhi ngaqala ukusebenza njengendlela lobuchwepheshe imfuyo. Umama bazinza lezi zindawo phambilini. Alekseya Leonova Umkhulu wadingiselwa kulezi zindawo ngokubamba kwabo iqhaza izenzakalo-mbuso ka-1905.

UYise Cosmonaut esizayo Arhip Leonov, indoda ekhaliphile futhi osebenza kanzima, unqobile nenhlonipho ekhona phakathi kwabantu bakule ndawo futhi wakhethwa usihlalo we umkhandlu walapha. Igagasi yokucindezelwa ayizange indiva futhi bayawuthanda nomkhaya. Ubaba ngo-1936 kuya ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu, kodwa ngo-1939, ukubuyisela amalungelo kwakufaneleka ngokugcwele.

Mayelana umndeni kwabazali kanye ebuntwaneni Alexei kangako. Siyethemba uyonishiya incwadi eningiliziwe Umlando.

Ngo-1938, umama Alexei wathuthela eKemerovo. Kukhona, lapho esekhulile, waya esikoleni. ibanga Okokuqala owayeneminyaka engu.

Ngo-1948 umkhaya wathuthela yokuhlala unomphela ngo entsha, endaweni ezisentshonalanga zeSoviet Union. Kaliningrad kwaba umuzi ngoba Alekseya Arhipovicha. Tam nomndeni bukhoma bakhe namuhla. Kwelinye izikwele abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-dolobha kuyinto lesikhumbuzo behlonipha isikhala bamazwe. It evela emgwaqweni, egqoke igama Cosmonaut Leonov.

Umsebenzi - fighter umshayeli

Yaba nesithakazelo kuleli cala lotnomu Alexei Leonov akazange zaba khona ngengozi. Umfowabo omdala, uPetru Arkhipovich, kwaba toolmaker, isazi elikhulu emkhakheni wabo. Wavumelana wabelane ngolwazi lwakhe kanye Alesha.

Ngaphandle ubuchwepheshe Alexei Arkhipovich abanesifiso ezemidlalo. Wayelethwa wahlanganyela uthango, ngebhayisikili, nengcula umgijimo. It has esithweni. Wathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe Umdwebo zaphenduka ithalente omkhulu.

Kaliningrad, mathupha ujwayelene Alekseem Arhipovichem, khumbula ukuthi wayengumuntu umfana omkhulu - nobudlelwano, ethanda ukuzilolonga, bejabule futhi lunomusa.

Eyokuqala airfield imfundo Alexei Leonov got in Kremenchug, zindiza esikoleni. Khona-ke wafunda Higher School Chuguyivske fighter umshayeli, ngemva kwalokho, kule zamashumi amahlanu sekwephuzile, landizela on ukulwa izindiza.

Iqembu lokuqala Cosmonauts

Sergei Korolev akhethe ngokucophelela ukhetho ukundiza emkhathini. Irekhodi ithrekhi Alekseya Leonova ngaphezu izici omuhle kakhulu endaweni yesevisi kakhulu ukuqeqeshwa lokugijima kuye kwaba kanye kokwehla fighter aircraft MIG-15bis ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu nge injini okulahlekile. Ngo sixties ekuseni wabe esengeniswa ngowokuqala, Gagarin, Cosmonaut amabutho, eyayihlanganisa abantu amabili.

Ngu spacewalk Alexei Leonov yalungiswa kahle. Ngaphezu isikwati ka Cosmonauts nezinye, ukhetho ngokulinganayo ayakufanelekela. Lokhu Valery Bykovsky futhi Pavel Popovich, noVictor Gorbatenko, futhi uVladimir Komarov, no-Ivan Anikeev, nabanye. Abantu abangu-20. Ngokomthetho, ngamunye kuyo okubhekana nanoma isiphi isimo eyenziwe. S. P. Korolov ukhethe u-Alexei Arkhipovich njengoba umuntu angachaza kakhulu ngokunembile umbono isikhala. Futhi kwaba njalo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Amalungiselelo spacewalk ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi kahle wasebenza phezu phansi, zonke ukunikeza kwaba engenakwenzeka.

Ukuqeqeshwa okwenzeka ngasese ekhethekile, lapho eyenziwe weightlessness. Ngokuhambisana anatomy we indices ngabanye, kanye ikhumbula umfutho womoya ngaphakathi suit kanye Kulindeleke izimo kuma amasudi zazakhiwa eceleni ngaphansi astronaut ngamunye.

Ngokunembile belingisa zonke izimo kuvamile ukuba abakhileyo bomhlaba imvelo kwizimo zamalabhorekthi kwakungenakwenzeka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-zezinkanyezi zokuqala abavezwe kubafake engozini enkulu.

Iqiniso mayelana indiza - umgoqo izakhamuzi zase-USSR

Phuma Leonov e evulekile kungabonakala documentary, okubandakanya izingcezwana sabenza baya ikhamera. Kubukeka isithombe olubabazeka kakhulu ngesineke ngakuye. Lena isithombe esiqondile umkhumbi, kwathi ngakusasa, ngo-suit, u-Alexei Leonov. isithombe esivezwa lesi sihloko. Mangisho ukuthi ezikhathini Soviet ukubona salo mdwebo Ungakhetha kuphela. Small Usayizi umkhumbi kuqhathaniswa ne abagibeli bayo ababili bheka nje umxhwele. Bayaphoqeleka ukubheka iphayona isikhala njengoba abantu isibindi kakhulu.

Imininingwane lo mcimbi kwamaSoviet zazigcinwa ziyimfihlo. Labantu kwakungafanele uyaziqaphela yezinqumo noma amaphutha isayensi kazwelonke nobuchwepheshe ukungapheleli.

Umdwebo oluveza Alexei Leonov, isikhala umuntu wokuqala ikwi-flight khulula, kusobala Ubukhulu womkhumbi ezincane ukuze angisakwazi ukulingana kwabantu ababili. Asikho isikhala khulula. Yebo kunjalo, esekelwe izinhloso ngawengubo zezinkanyezi kanye isikhathi ababekuso zendiza, kwaba akudingekile.

Uhambo lokuqala luzoba, bethwebula

Ngo-1965, i-mkhathi namaSoviet "Voskhod-2" ukwenza indiza emhlabeni Earth. Injongo eyinhloko kwaba ukuhlola amathuba yomuntu kanye namadivayisi wadala phansi ukuze akwazi ukufeza umsebenzi esikhaleni nje. Amatilosi - Pavel Belyayev nangokuthi Alexei Leonov.

Eminyakeni emithathu ukulungiselela preflight, futhi usuku 1 kuphela, 2 amahora, imizuzu 2 kanye 17 amasekhondi zendiza, esikhathini evulekile - imizuzu 23 namasekhondi 41. Spacewalk Alekseya Leonova kwakulandelwa distancing emkhunjini ngesikhathi 5,35 amamitha. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa imizuzu 12 futhi 9 imizuzwana. I-astronaut ixhunywe ku umkhumbi ikhebula, ifakwe hook iluphu. izingwegwe Perestogivanie wasiza ukuyifinyelela noma asuke mkhathi nobude oyifunayo.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko, owawungumnyaka ukwenza Alexei Leonov emkhathini - is bethwebula nge ikhamera yevidiyo futhi mikrofotoapparat. Ividiyo kahle waze kwakunokwenzeka ngaphansi ke isimo art. Kodwa ukuthatha izithombe nge mikrofotoapparata, ukuvalelwa elincanyana usayizi inkinobho, suit ukuvulwa, kuhlulekile. Ngenxa ukusonteka suit-astronaut ayikwazanga sithathe ikhebula, enze imisebenzi izinkinobho ikhamera, futhi womoya isikhwama isibhakela, okuyinto usufakwe ekupheleni kwalo, ifikile off ngesikhathi uphume esangweni. Yasimbamba phezu cover mgodi.

Ukuzuma le spacesuit

Spacesuit Alexei kwakungeyona ngempela ephelele. It lwavivinywa ngesikhathi esiphezulu umehluko kungenzeka phakathi kwengcindezi zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, okungase eyenziwe Emhlabeni. Wayengumngane ikude kakhulu kulokho okwenzeka emkhathini. Umfutho ongaphakathi suit - 600 mm HG. ikholomu ngaphandle - 9 mm. Ngenxa yalokho, uye ballooned. Zazifile izimbambo ukuqinisa futhi izintambo. Izandla nezinyawo ayisekho ukuya ekupheleni imikhono nemilente ngikhefuzele. Suit isibe capsule unmanageable, okuyinto ngemvume abantu ukuthi abakwazi ukuzisiza. Pavel Belyayev, induna wabona ukuthi kwakwenzekani enkundleni ne Leonova isudi, kodwa abakwazanga ukumsiza lutho. Alexei Arkhipovich Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ingxenye eyodwa isikhathi sase sihambile, uphefumula umoya-mpilo okumsulwa kanye nitrogen, okuyinto ekhona igesi ukuphefumula emkhunjini, kulokhu kufanele kuhlanzwe kusukela egazini. Wanquma ukuba akhulule ingcindezi ngaphakathi spacesuit. Akuvunyelwe imfundo, kodwa yini enye engazange akubone. Uma nitrogen uhlala egazini, wayezobe abilisiwe, futhi lokho kwakusho ukufa. Nitrogen yayingekho, futhi Alex Arkhipovich, sikelo otstogivaya intambo izingwegwe, lifikile umnyango.

Acrobatics e airlock

Usayizi airlock dweba kwaba esingaphansi Ubukhulu adingekayo astronaut, okuyinto ububanzi ehlombe umfaniswano yangaphandle -. 68 cm Njengoba umnyango ivulekile ngaphakathi, futhi lomasango ubukhulu - 1 m, akunakwenzeka ukuba baguquke kuwo. Alexei Arkhipovich ukwamukeleka kwabanye futhi uyivale Batten phansi lichanyuselwe, kwakudingekile ukuba noma ukunqinda ikhava dweba noma ukunciphisa zokufakwa kwezicelo. Mane ukhulise usayizi emkhunjini bekungelula. Ukuze kulondolozwe yangaphakathi usayizi lomasango walo wayenguNkulunkulu ngokwakhe Alexei Leonov. Ukufinyelela Isikhala ukubuya umkhumbi, ukulandelana okunengqondo kunazo izinyathelo ulinganise ngokucophelela futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe ilandzelwe simulators. Kodwa ukufunda izifundo zabo, kodwa okungokoqobo ayizange stinted ku lezimanga.

Cosmonaut wangena sunroof phansi, njengoba kusikisela ergonomic kakhulu futhi ikhanda. Ukuze Batten phansi dweba okudingekayo ukuze akusebenzise umzimba 180 degrees. Umsebenzi uma sicabangela ubukhulu kanye yobunzima astronaut arhitrudnaya kwesango. kamuva u-Alexei Arkhipovich wakhumbula ukuthi inhliziyo yakhe yaqala ukushaya rate ekupheleni kwalesi acrobatics kwaba amabhithi 200 ngomzuzu, futhi ujuluke amehlo akhe nohide. Manje, kufanele uhlukane wesango, ungabuyela Umhlaba ekhaya. Kodwa kwathi ngabandayo.

Ngemva ukwehlukana umkhumbi airlock waqala ukuzungeza axis awo, futhi ukucindezela ngaphakathi beqala ukwanda. Osomkhathi ubengase ukubheka amathuluzi. Misa inqubo kwakungenakwenzeka. Bona ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama ebhodini. Ingcindezi laqhubeka landa. Waqala ukubona inhlansi kancane - kanye ne umkhumbi ngabe kuvuthelwe ukuze engqamuzaneni. Esikhathini esithile, u-Alexei Leonov futhi Pavel Belyaev inqanyuliwe - noma equlekile, noma elele. Kamuva, lapho ufunda imidvwebo insimbi, kwathi ingcindezi ngaphakathi imoto esikhundleni sohlelo eziphindwe 160 safinyelela uphawu 920 mm HG, ngemva kwalokho waba angesabi wehlise.

Iqiniso ukuthi umkhumbi cishe ihora wayesesimweni esimenza abe emile noma sikhubazekile. Kolunye uhlangothi lwawo ukuze +150 degrees Celsius ashisise ilanga, kanti omunye emthunzini, selehlile -140 degrees. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhumbi wawusengozini liphindele avaliwe. Automation uye wasebenza imodi isinxephezelo of ukuvuza oxygen. Ekugcineni, umfutho uphakeme kangangokuthi okuphiniwe ngaphakathi dweba. Uphawu walulama futhi amathuluzi Uthole isignali okuhambisanayo opha ingcindezi ngokweqile. I indiza emoyeni kusukela ngaphandle side womkhumbi walinika ngokunyakaza ukujikeleza.

Kwaba ukuyeka ukujikeleza, njengoba besho, kuyindaba yokukhathalelwa inqubo, ukuthi kulula. Phambili kwakukhona umsebenzi owodwa ngaphezulu - kokwehla.

kokwehla ezizimele

Kukholakala ukuthi yamukelwa-off kokwehla - izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekuphathweni mkhathi. "Voskhod-2" wahlala phansi imodi ibhukwana. Esikhundleni iphuzu esihleliweko Kustanai yena waphonseka isigamu imitha iqhwa muffled le Ural ehlathini 200 km kusuka Perm. Umlando ukuhlenga osomkhathi kusukela ehlathini ekuthunjweni ifanelwe isahluko ehlukene. Alexei Leonov futhi Pavel Belyaev wachitha ubusuku obubili, zihambisana isikhumba, alihlinza ebusweni komkhumbi, wotha umlilo nangokuthi Alexei Arkhipovich ukwenza umsebenzi, edonsa ezizibeni we-parachute, zinamathele iziqongo zikaphayini. Ukudla ababenakho - nqabela-omisiwe inyama, ushokoledi, amabhisikidi ushizi ne cherry juice.

Uma osomkhathi abatholakali, futhi kwaba amahora amane emva touchdown (lokhu kwasiza esikhanyayo orange kombhede ikhilomitha indiza parachute obonile izakhamuzi nemizana eseduze), basilahla izingubo ezifudumele kanye nokudla, kodwa ukuya pilot, abatakuli bahluleka. Kuhlengwe kwakudingeka bahlele indawo umhlaba endizeni. Abagawuli lamabutho wafika chainsaws futhi kusulwe ukuhlanzwa.

Idol nokholo

Alexei Leonov uthi Sergey Pavlovich Korolov, umklami kweSoviet isikhala imikhumbi, umdali umkhakha isikhala kwezesayensi mboni, esizulazulayo, pessimist futhi abagxeki, thatha impilo yamanje neyesikhathi esizayo kuphela eyodwa limnyama osomkhathi wayengaphezu nje kokuba umuntu uyise. Wayengumuntu unkulunkulu wabo.

Kufanele ukuthi eSoviet mkhathi ngokuya nokwethenjelwa nokuvikeleka babengcono kakhulu aphakeme emikhunjini izimbangi '- e-United States. Njengoba izwe lethu ekuqaleni ukuhlola umkhathi phakathi izindiza ukuqeqesha futhi walahlekelwa osomkhathi amahlanu, kuyilapho baseMelika wangcwatshwa 17 osomkhathi. Isizathu ngezinhlekelele yethu - okubizwa ngokuthi isici womuntu. Ubuchwepheshe akazange behluleka ngisho nakanye.

Valentin Bondarenko wafa luvivinywa ku ukuzinza ngokwengqondo ngaphansi kwezimo khona ngedwa. Kwathi e-Institute of Aerospace Medicine e umlilo kwelinye lamakamelo hyperbaric. UVladimir Komarov wabulawa uma ukutshala - parachute akazange avule. Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav volkov futhi Viktor Patsaev wabulala ngu depressurization emkhunjini ngesikhathi zokutshala.

indiza Uphuthelwe

Ukundiza yesibili Alekseya Leonova wawuzoqhutshwa ngoJuni 1961. Amatilosi lalinabashumayeli osomkhathi ezintathu - Alekseya Leonova, Valery Kubasova noPetru Kolodin. Ngaphambi nje sokuqala esihleliwe usuku ibhodi kwezokwelapha kuthole Valery okuncane Ukufiphala emaphashini. Kwanqunywa ukuba uthumele izisebenzi eyisipele. Ukuze wangaphambili, kwaba yinto embi kakhulu: uPetru akazange ngendiza isikhala, futhi ngenxa yokuma-ins - lucky ikhefu. Uhlelo indiza wawenziwa lolungenamaphutsa. Phakathi kabusha entry iphutha enkingeni. Osomkhathi ngephutha wavula uphawu valve.

Lo mkhumbi wahamba waze cababa ezithambile endaweni ehlelelwe, kodwa bahluleka ukusindisa abantu. Kwaba Viktor Patsaev, Vladislav volkov futhi Georgy Dobrovolsky.

indiza yesibili

Aleksei Leonov emkhathini kwaba kabili. Uhambo lokuqala luzoba senzeka ngo-March 1965. I evulekile Alexei Leonov waphuma esisodwa. Umbono wakhe - emkhathini ukuba ziphile futhi zisebenze.

Lapho elithuma okwesibili wahambela khona ngo-July 1976. Umsebenzi orbit owathatha izinsuku 5, amahora 22, imizuzu engu-30 namasekhondi 51. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa iphrojekthi ngamazwe. Umgomo - docking amamojuli futhi ucwaningo lwesayensi. The Jump emkhathini namaSoviet "Soyuz-19" nge-Alexei Leonov futhi Valeriem Kubasovym kanye American "Apollo" nge osomkhathi ezintathu - Thomas Stafford, Donald Slayton futhi Vance Brand.

ithalente umdwebi sika

Ngenxa yethalente bokubeka astronaut sonke isintu bangafunda kanjani izwe libukeka ngaphandle ozungeze umhlaba, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi lezi zithombe zenziwa isikhala, kuphela omnyama nomhlophe. Kuze kube manje, Isikhala bethwebula a eyinkimbinkimbi ezithile. Lokhu kungenxa ngaphandle Emhlabeni okwesikhathi yokukhanya isinqumo, uhlobo ukusakazeka kwezindaba imisebe yokukhanya, omunye kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona.

Ohlukile umculi Alekseya Leonova ku-iqiniso lokuthi wayengumuntu emidwebweni yakhe ngobuciko ubunjiniyela yakhiqizwa izici lobuchwepheshe isikhala ubuchwepheshe nesambatho astronaut. Ukubuka abukhali umdwebi kunqunywa ukuthi imibala zikhona bohlu ebukeka cosmic.

Alexei Arkhipovich iqhaza ekudaleni izitembu zokuposa on isihloko isikhala. In ngamunye kubo - the zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo ukuhlola umkhathi. Ziyathakazelisa ukucabangela. Sibheke isithombe. Alekseya Leonova ingathiwa a umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela, uyakwazi ukubikezela ikusasa, ngenxa yalokho wayemelela, wayengakabi kuleyo minyaka.

Ukuphila Phakade Emhlabeni

Alexei Arkhipovich kabili ngendiza isikhala. Yena yanikezelwa ezimbili ngangezinkanyezi Hero kweSoviet Union, i the Order of Lenin kanye Red Star kanye izindondo wezwe lakithi futhi izwe, washiya kuyinto isakhamuzi zokuhlonipha amadolobha amathathu Russian angaphandle.

A wentaba kwenyanga ngegama lakhe, kanye lomhlaba umlaza Libra.

Alexei Leonov, uMajor General Aviation reserve, wanikela ukuphila kwakhe kwendawo yonke. Wathweswa iziqu e-Air Force Academy Engineering. N. E. Zhukovskogo, kuhlanganise zabo lapho sebephothulile. Alexei Arkhipovich isikhathi eside wahlanganyela kule ukuqeqeshwa zezinkanyezi futhi imishini isikhala design. Yena ophethe ucwaningo emkhakheni umbono bezibona umbala nokukhanya izici ngemva indiza emkhathini, isikhala kanye nesikhathi bezibona emkhathini, izinkinga ezingokwengqondo indiza interplanetary, kanye nezinye imisebenzi yesayensi kanye zokuhlola.

He is oshadile futhi has eyodwa indodakazi kanye nabazukulu ababili.

Ukuqala enkulungwaneni yesithathu

Okwamanje, Cosmonaut Leonov Aleksey Arhipovich uhlala e Moscow. Esikhathini esidlule, ngo-2014, unyaka we Russian Federation uMengameli Vladimir Putin ukhishwa kuye Order "Ukuze Merit» III degree. Ngakho-ke kwaphawulwa esenzeka ngalo astronaut octogenarian, eyachitha konke ukuphila kwayo omningi izithelo ezinhle yezwe lenkaba yawo. Uyolokhu bahlala enkumbulweni yethu njengoba umuntu yini owenza iqhaza elikhulu ukuhlola umkhathi nesayense, umdwebi, ukubonisa abantu emhlabeni ngaphandle ozungeze umhlaba. Personality, kungenzeka futhi kudingekile isibonelo okufanele kufundiswe esizukulwaneni esisha - ngokuqinisekile Alexei Leonov. Umlando wakhe esimangalisayo nesifundisayo. isikhala sayo amaqhawe zingatholakala encwadini A. S. eliseeva "Life - iconsi olwandle." On ke nazo tinhlelo eziningana wathwebula.