Ophihliza iqhwa "Lenin" - womkhumbi wokuqala yenuzi-powered emhlabeni

Lapho ngo-1959 ukuba kwakhiwe le ophihliza iqhwa lokuqala yenuzi-powered laqedwa eSoviet Union emhlabeni wonke, bonke cindezela bakwamanye amazwe ukuba abhale ngalesi impumelelo enkulu kwezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ososayensi Soviet. Lokhu umkhumbi yethiwa umholi wokuqala Soviet inguquko. Ophihliza iqhwa "Lenin" kwakuyisiqalo enkathini entsha amandla e-athomu izinjongo zokuthula.

Umlando ukwakhiwa komkhumbi yenuzi-powered lokuqala

Ngo-1953, ngesikhathi Party Congress e Moscow, kwanqunywa ukuba uqale ukwakhiwa isigaba esisha ice drift, okwakuyoholela abe ngamandla enuzi isitshalo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ngwenya yenuzi ethunywe ososayensi kusukela Central Design Bureau-15 (manje ebizwa ngokuthi CDB "Iceberg"). Kwaphela iminyaka emibili, kusukela ngo-1953 kuya 1955, ayekhuluma ngesihloko Inombolo yephrojekthi 92 (igama ikhodi ye-ngwenya yenuzi). Khona-ke, ekwindla lika-1953, uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe zase-USSR, kwanqunywa igama elisha bomkhumbi. Ophihliza iqhwa "Lenin" - yilokho indlela yokuqala okufanele ibizwe ngokuthi i-ophihliza iqhwa emhlabeni. Isikhundla glavkonstruktora ukuphathiswa Vasily Ivanovich Neganova. I CRI "Prometheus" ngoba icebreakers basungula ekhethekile steel iKhabhinethi. Lapho ukuphela 1955 umklamo yaqedwa, ukwakhiwa komkhumbi wanquma walala phezu abadumile Leningrad Shipyard. A.Marti nomakhi oyinhloko esimisiwe V Chernyakova. Nokho, imininingwane eziningi ophihliza iqhwa okulungiselelwe ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene zezwe. Ngokwesibonelo, izinjini ezisebenza zasolwandle ekhiqizwa embonini idolobha Kirova ugesi - Ukraine, laseKharkov electromechanical isitshalo futhi ikamu izinjini - ngesikhathi "amandla kagesi" (Leningrad), njll Ngamafuphi, wakha lonke izwe. Ngo-December 1957, le ophihliza iqhwa lokuqala yenuzi-powered "Lenin" léthulwa amanzi iNeva. Kwakuyisikhathi ezishaywayo-umkhumbi ne insika ezimbili aft platform kokwehla. Wayefanele nemingcele ezilandelayo: ububanzi (esiphezulu) - 27,6 m, ibhodi ukuphakama - 16.1 m, ubude (esiphezulu) - 134 metres, ukuhamba ngaphandle komkhumbi - 17810 amathani umthamo ukufakwa main - 44,000 amahhashi, ngesivinini esiphezulu inqubekelaphambili h .. - 19,6 ifindo.

Uhlolo lokuqala

Kwathatha izinyanga 22. Ngo-September 1959, A. ngisemsebenzini isitshalo Marty wangena yayo test wokuqala useyili Inamandla ophihliza iqhwa "Lenin". Ukaputeni womkhumbi waqokwa PA Ponomarev. Kusukela cindezela yaleyo minyaka seyaziwa ukuthi kwakukhona amathimba eziningi ezivela emazweni ehlukene ebhodini. Izivakashi edume kakhulu babe nekusasa United States uMongameli Richard Nixon futhi uNdunankulu waseBrithani uHarold Macmillan. Amaphephandaba nomagazini emhlabeni wonke ibekwe incwadi ethi "ophihliza iqhwa" Lenin ", isithombe izivakashi ezidumile yenuzi-powered futhi owaziwa ebhodini. Ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi kwecala isitsha yanikwa eU.SSR MMF. Ngo-1960, kwaba kakade Murmansk, lapho kwadingeka ukuya North Pole.

ukuhlola Day Arctic

Ophihliza iqhwa "Lenin" - womkhumbi wokuqala yenuzi-powered emhlabeni, liye laba uphawu we ukuhlola Arctic. Ngo-August 1960, umkhankaso navigation zayo zokuqala Arctic. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa izinsuku 100, futhi phambi umkhumbi walinda imisebenzi eminingi wemfanelo ukuthi isebenza njenge wangempela giant-umsindisi, eqothula indlela washaya iqhwa imikhumbi eminingi. Kwakuthiwa kuholela ngohide njengoba umholi. Kuyinto umkhumbi eziqinile futhi enamandla kakhulu bekulokhu futhi njalo kuyoba ukuziqhenya imikhumbi yaseRussia.