Kuyini Streletsky oda?

Streletsky oda - omunye izikhungo okuholela endaweni ye uVladimir-Suzdal ubukhulu kuyiphi kamuva ekhula umbuso Russian lonke. Ngemva ukuthunjwa emazweni asenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe Golden zidlamlilo abaphathi bendawo kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi ekhethekile emizimbeni zokulawula - maqhugwane, zazo ngemva kwesikhathi akhula "ihhovisi" okulawula agcwele - Ama-oda. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi yesimanje ngesikhathi sawo yangaphakathi ukuphathwa isakhiwo yadalwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-internet Ivana Groznogo.

kwekuhlela kabusha kwangaphakathi futhi Streletsky oda

Unyaka ka-sisekelo omusha isikhungo - 1571 th. Isidingo yakha ejensi semi ezimele musketeer ukuphathwa kanye okwakheke Cossack iye uthuthuva isikhathi eside. Ukunwetshwa zombuso eMoscow zidinga ukulawula nezimo phezu amaqembu angaphakathi ahlomile. eqhugwaneni Fletcher okudala ayikwazanga ukuqinisekisa ngokugcwele ukulawula amabutho Strelets, ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye babo ilawulwe boyars wendawo. izinguquko ezintsha kabusha ngokuphelele amabutho yangaphakathi ye Muscovy, ngqo subordinated abo wasebukhosini isakhiwo ahlelekile amayunithi esisha sokuphatha - Ama-oda.

Imisebenzi oda Archer

Injongo yokuqala ukudalwa le ndikimba ukunikeza ukudla inkokhelo yemali Abamele Strelets amabutho. Imisebenzi oda Archer wehla ukuba aqaphe emsebenzini, ukuzulazula agade emigwaqweni, kulandelana zikhiphe okusanhlamvu okubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacibisheli usebenze njengomahluleli yesimanje mlilo ngisho ... scavengers.

Iqiniso liwukuthi ekhulwini XVI, iMoscow yayingenye azihlukile bakweminye imizana ephakathi. Udaka kwaba ihlupha Muscovites. imigwaqo kwenziwa ngaphambi solemnity lomcimbi, ezifana ukungena amanxusa angaphandle noma ushiye umndeni wasebukhosini ezigodlweni eziningi ise namadlelo. Eziyimbangela yalokhu kwaba untenable, ngakho umemezela yesijeziso umiselwe kulabo ziphonswe ingcuba emgwaqweni, noma cha bahlanza zikhanyise indawo ephambi lamasango abo. Naphezu izinyathelo kunalokho nokhahlo, ezitaladini bahlanza irregularly futhi emadolonzima, amabhuloho abangu kwalungisa ngesikhathi esingafanele. Isibopho ekuhlanzekeni nobe emigwacweni yase dolobheni waphathiswa amaphoyisa endawo. Nokho, amaphoyisa ezincane kakhulu futhi ngingenaso wangempela wokusekela. Ngobusuku obandulela imikhosi imibutho yamaphoyisa kwaqina amabutho alwa ngeminsalo futhi Cossacks, okuyinto wathumela Streletsky oda. Umsebenzi wawo kwaba ukuqapha umsebenzi izishanyeli, scavengers, futhi ajezise labo akazange sifeze izinqumo yenkosi emigwaqweni ahlanzekile. Ekuqaleni, abacibisheli babesebenza kuphela eside entwasahlobo ka ngonyaka owodwa, kodwa ngokushesha kulolu hlobo lwenkonzo angase enwetshiwe ngokuzenzakalela, futhi abacibisheli nanjengabalindi noma amaphoyisa ongakhonza neziphathimandla zedolobha amashumi eminyaka.

Amandla oda le Strelets '

Zonke izimpahla ezibonakalayo anawo Archer oda ezivela kweminye iminyango ukuze iqondise iqoqo izintela kusukela izintela sabantu futhi abantukazana chernososhennogo. Ukusatshalaliswa imali futhi isinxephezelo zemvelo lwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa inhloko ye-oda, okuyinto uqobo banesibopho enkosini inhlalakahle yabantu servicemen. Streletsky oda wabusa amazwe zanikezelwa 'ukuze sondle yakhe "zikhulu zokwakheka musketeer, kanye nalabo ezindaweni lapho kwaku uhlangothi Royal.

It Strelets oda wayephethe Manning amayunithi kwakhiwa kusukela amavolontiya esikhathini ukudedelwa ingozi yangempela. Lokhu eziyimbangela wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu 1613, lapho ezinye amandla zadluliselwa oda asanda kusungulwa we Cossack Cossack lamabutho ngabaphathi. Ngokushesha Streletsky oda waba negunya agcwele amaphoyisa - nemisebenzi yophenyo kanye nophenyo. Lokhu kwanda edingekayo ukwanda ubushiqela, futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu XVII inani onobhala owakhonza Střelecký oda, licishe laphindeka kabili.

Abaholi oda

Ehola kwezinhlangano entsha seningabahluleli boyars, lapho kwakukhona abasizi eziningana. Phakathi kabusha nezokuphatha maqhugwane ubudala Streletskoye kwaholela onobhala Grigoriy Grigorevich Kolychev (1571-1572), Vasily Yakovlevich Shchelkalov (1573) noLuka (Rudak) Tolmachev (1578-1580). Abokuqala abantu eyaziwa waba inhloko yalawa oda Archer I. Godunov, ngubani ephethwe womnyango kuze 1593.

ukwehla

Ekhulwini XVII Streletsky oda uye wanda kakhulu amandla akhe futhi waba omunye izikhungo njengomuntu onethonya elikhulu kakhulu Muscovy. Ekupheleni kuka-1629 e kuhanjiswa yayo yanikwa isiphetho Armoury - omunye izikhungo lokuqala izingalo Russian esizayo.

Ngo 1672, inani abacibisheli futhi Cossacks anda kangangokuba kwakudingekile ukudala zindawo ezimbili ezengeziwe zinamanzi ngokugcwele - ibuthelelo Musketeers lesinkwa oda ukuthola Strelets isinkwa. Izakhamuzi Pomerania ikhokhwe imali ukuze ufake. isinkwa ohlanganisiwe walethwa eMoscow ezinkantolo ethile Zhitnyaya, etholakala ngaphakathi ukuhamba ibanga kusuka Kaluga futhi Myasnitskaya esangweni lokuwuvimbezela. Ukwamukela bese ukulethwa isinkwa izabelo ayephethe ababhali onobhala ukubuthwa abacibisheli yokuqokwa regiments wedolobha.

ezama kwekuhlela kabusha

Ngo 1676 kwake kwazanywa ukunweba Streletsky oda ngokudlulisela kuye ku regiments kuhanjiswa eMoscow amasosha kobuholi ', kodwa ku-1680 leso sinqumo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yokwenza oda Archer ahoxiswa amaphoyisa abacibisheli, manje oda Kuphethwe strelets isikaniso kuphela.

Ukuqedwa oda Archer

Ukuqedwa Strelets amabutho iphutha eminyakeni yokuqala wokubusa uPeter Omkhulu. Njalo akhathazayo Kuzonyuka, ukufumbathisa ukuhlukunyezwa ngabaphathi Musketeers abaphezulu kwaholela ekuvukeleni. Ngo 1698, umzamo yehlulekile ngo ukuvukelwa kombuso kwaholela kubulawa of abacibisheli eziningi. Kusondele futhi sokuhlushwa Tsar uPetru wahileleka ngokuqondile. Zonke babulawa kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili abacibisheli, ufake izimpawu futhi badingiselwa - ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ezintathu.

Ngaphandle Kwegazi Streletsky oda isibe eqanjiwe - wayengalungisanga ibutho namali. Kancane kancane, omunye izikhungo ezinethonya kunazo eMoscow ibe nezikhungo abavamile kwezomnotho kanye nezokuphatha. Inqubo kabusha siqediwe Zemsky oda, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, imisebenzi yayo bathunyelwa Streletsky, ngubani ngaleso sikhathi namanje ubushiqela abalulekile nokuphathwa komsebenzi.

Strelets oda uyekwa 23 Juni 1701. Special umyalo wombusi ke iqanjwe kabusha ngo -oda Zemsky izindaba. Ngemva kwesikhashana wayelahlekelwe iyiphi kuqhathaniswa amabutho ibutho futhi ingaphakathi - zonke lezi imisebenzi bayiswa Office asanda kusungulwa - Order of Military Affairs.