Kama Umlomo - Caves

emzaneni Urban Kama Umlomo - sokuqondisa we Kama-Ustinsky esifundeni (yeRiphabhuliki yaseTatarstan).

Incazelo endaweni

Kuyinto isikhungo lesifunda ngebhange kwesokudla eMfuleni iVolga, okuphambene endaweni lapho agelezela Kama, 117 km eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-edolobheni Kazan. Okwamanje, izici 53 nemizana, kuhlanganise emalokishini (Tenishevo, Kuibyshev Zaton kanye Kama Umlomo), kanye nomasipala 21. Relief - ethafeni iyokhushulwa, ukuphakama kwayo kuba 170-190 m ngaphezu kolwandle. It is dissected ngu izigodi gullies futhi onqenqemeni emaweni, okuyinto unqunywe kuze emgqeni ogwini loMfula i-iVolga. Le ndawo izinqolobane ocebile Gypsum, ubumba kanye dolomite. On insimu yalo zikhona kule misele ezilandelayo: iVolga (Kuibyshev kwesigubhu) Ishimka, Karamalka, Dry Ulema nemingenela yayo, Mordovia. Nenhlabathi kukhona okungcono grey, ihlathi umpofu omnyama nokukhanya grey, wapheka carbonate grey sinombala. ezindaweni ezinamahlathi kuyinto angu-8,7.

labantu

Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu 2010, abantu 16.400 bakuyo le ndawo. Kule midlalo, kwemiphakathi yasemadolobheni - cishe eziyisishiyagalombili namakhulu, ukuthunga, nezolimo - izinkulungwane zabantu 8,4. Isilinganiso ukwanda kwabantu abantu 14 square kilometre. isakhiwo kaZwelonke: 54,7% - AmaTatar, 42,3% - Russian kanye 3% - abameleli bezinye izizwe.

umkhakha

Kunezindawo eziyisithupha wamabhizinisi zezimboni edolobhaneni Kama Umlomo (Tatarstan) kanye endaweni yayo. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kukhona emayini Gypsum (eyasungulwa ngo-1911), i-creamery futhi "Ukulungisa Base Fleet Kuibyshev" (elihunyushwe lapha ngo-1954 esuka Creek koMsindisi).

ezolimo

The main zokukhiqiza bezikhali isikhungo esifundeni Kama Umlomo kuyinto ezolimo. Elikhulu kunawo wonke isakhiwo Agro-zezimboni ithatha amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-ayisishiyagalolunye umhlaba wokulima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona 128 amapulazi amancane. Imfuyo Base - yobisi yenkomo nezinkomo, eziyikhethelo main izitshalo olimekayo: corn, ibhali, ukolweni uphizi.

ezokuthutha

Ngenxa indawo emzaneni ngesikhathi confluence imifula Kama futhi iVolga nemifula, futhi ohlangothini ojantshi, tindlela eyinhloko ezokuthutha kukhona endleleni namanzi. Futhi imithambo emfuleni wangena inethiwekhi zokuthutha yombuso kanye onguthelawayeka - ukubaluleka kuphela wendawo. Lokhu onguthelawayeka Kazan - Kama Estuary, endleleni Apostolovo, Tetyushi futhi Upper Uslon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu besifunda wabeka amapayipi.

imithi

Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo edolobhaneni Kama Umlomo wenza esibhedlela central. Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni etholakala 35 iziteshi wezokwelapha kanye nemitholampilo ezintathu sinenkonzo yokunakekela iziguli emakhaya. Ngenxa yokuthi yonke indawo kuba Pharmacy ezintathu kuphela, ngokuvumelana inkontileka waphetha ekwenziweni ekhemisi eyinhloko izidakamizwa wenziwa iziteshi zosizo lokuqala.

Ukuvakasha, nokuzijabulisa

Kama Umlomo ngonyaka edonsela notshwala zezivakashi nokudoba abathanda. Holiday-abenzi banikezwa ithuba ukuvakashela eziningana ezivikelwe izinto zemvelo. Ezinjalo njengoba Lake Baykul (Karamalskoe) kanye Ihlathi Lake, Tenkovskaya feather utshani asemaqeleni (izitshalo ezimila lapha ahlelwe Red Encwadi Tatarstan), kanye nemvelo reserves gullies Antonovsky Labyshkinskie ezintabeni (kule eziyinkimbinkimbi zemvelo ezitholakala ezingavamile kakhulu endaweni isilwane izinhlobo) neNtaba Lobach. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emhumeni kuthandwa kakhulu Kama Umlomo: Konnodolskaya, Zimoveva, Bogorodskaya futhi Yurevskaya. Ensimini ka komnikazi wembula eyigugu zemivubukulo ukuthi esukela emuva le Upper Paleolithic. Isebenza "Akcharlak" ezemidlalo sezempilo yezivakashi kanye nezakhamuzi endaweni emlonyeni Kama.

ukudoba

Kama Umlomo endaweni edumile ahlanzekile, nezindawo fantastically enhle, izimo ezikahle for ukudoba - konke lokhu edonsela abalandeli lapha lokhu ukuphumula bephuma kuyo yonke imizi ezungeze, hhayi kakhulu. Lapha, phakathi kuleli chweba futhi Kuibyshev Kamskoe Umlomo usebenza ukudoba futhi base ukuzingela "izikhala Kamskie evulekile." Isebenza round lapha ukunikela Anglers uhla egcwele amasevisi, kusukela ukunikezwa yokuhlala nokudla ukuletha ezindaweni zokudoba. omunye semininingwane usebenza kubalandeli ukudoba ebusika - "indawo zidla. ' Esivuna Ukukhethwa speak endaweni futhi zihlukahlukene sendawo ngezansi, ukujula okuhle, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, khona kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene izinhlanzi. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, wabanjwa kahle perch, bream, bream, Bersh, bream, umbokwane, inhlanzi eyikati kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi njengoba inhlanzi elula okuzingela. Ebusika, catch akwazi ukuxoxa Bersh futhi perch, burbot futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuthi kuza yonkana ku hook noma ekuseni noma kuhlwe.

Phakathi abadobi abanolwazi ezidumile ikakhulukazi izindawo ezimbalwa ukudoba ice. Lokhu marina "Kama umlomo", "ukudla kwakusihlwa zamadola", "Winter igumbi", "Spring" futhi "The Old Quay" (eduze Lobach entabeni), "i-Armenian Beach" futhi "Stone ebhokisini." Yiqiniso, lena akuyona uhlu oluphelele izindawo ozithandayo izakhamuzi zendawo ice-ukudoba, kodwa ngisho nentuthuko yabo wena neze ngokwanele eyabelwe isikhathi seholide.

Kama Umlomo: emhumeni onqenqemeni

Omunye ethandwa kakhulu phakathi izivakashi kubhekwa Yurevskaya emhumeni, okuyinto yaziwa kabanzi kuleli zwe nakwamanye. Itholakala eduze zokuhlala Tenishevo. Waqale uphenyo ngo-1953 ngu A. V Stupishinym. Ubukhulu Yuryevskaya emihumeni babe amamitha angamakhulu esingaphansi kwezinsuku ezimbili. Nokho, ngo-May 1971, lapho zifiki Kazan speleosektsii ngokuvakashela kwakhe ukuhlwaya yinqwaba yamatshe, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi bangena entsha ingxenye, ubude baso kwaba ngaphezu 360 amamitha. Ngo-1986 Yurevskaya Umgede azikutholi lesikhumbuzo engokwemvelo ukubaluleka lesifunda. Ngo 2008-2009, i-cavers kusukela Chelny iye lenziwa laziwe thatha futhi bamba futhi izingxenye isakhiwo setshe esikhulu. Kwavela ukuthi ubukhulu womhume ifinyelela 507 amamitha. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kuwumise, futhi ngo-2010 ngenxa ekumbeni baye bathola enye Umhubhe ezinkulu. Namuhla Yurevskaya Umgede iyona ende kunazo zonke izinto ezakhiwe imvelo we iVolga Ephakathi. Ubude bayo 990 amamitha. Futhi isivele ifinyelele 1005 metres uphinde uthele kancane endaweni ngo-2011 - 3500 sq. m .. Ukwambulwa emhumeni isendaweni phansi udonga. It ihlukaniswe yaba Umhubhe ezintathu ezahlukene. Eyokuqala kuholela "sivale indlela engena emgedeni lemvula", owesibili ibizwa ngokuthi "ulwe" noma "Shkuroderka", kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo - "Triangle". Ukuze uthole elokugcina, kufanele balungise kwalasha ezintathu amamitha ukujula, esekelwe emisebenzi ezinhlangothini izindonga. Uma uphatha ukuyinqoba, uyobheka ezimangalisayo ubuhle engachazeki sivale indlela engena emgedeni. Inkambo yesibili igebe ewumngcingo kakhulu, izandla kuphela unganciphisa ngokusebenzisa ke phambili, bese engela ezithile. Ngokushesha ukukhunjuzwa ikhathuni mayelana Wini Phu futhi uhambo lwakhe unogwaja. Climb ngokusebenzisa "shkuroderku» kungenziwa kuphela labo isazela kabani sokusinda ithulisiwe. Nokho, ngokushesha ngemva it mela ukumangala entsha - eweni imitha ezimbili. Uma uphila, ukuhambisa ngobunono kanye odongeni, ukunamathela Amashalofu okubeka ahlukahlukene. Yiqiniso, akulula ukuthola lapha. Kodwa kuyakufanelekela it. Futhi ekugcineni - the "sivale indlela engena emgedeni wemvula." It lethiwa ngenxa yokuthi amanzi econsa evela ophahleni yakhe. Lokhu kudala banenkolelo yokuthi kukhona imvula. Ngakho uma wena uthanda imisebenzi yangaphandle futhi bafuna kakhulu futhi adventure ke Kama Estuary imigede yayo - yilokhu okudingayo.