Ake uphendule umbuzo owasungula ucingo?

Inqubekela njalo ikhula ngesivinini kanye nezinto ezintsha nokwatholakala avele ngokushesha njalo ngonyaka. Ezimpilweni zethu kuhlanganisa kumadivayisi amaningi omusha izolo kuphela kwakubonakala fantasy, futhi zikagesi evamile kufakwe entsha futhi ngcono. eminyakeni eyishumi nje edlule, efulethini ngayinye sasingaphansi ezejwayelekile umbala TV nge elawulwa kude, okuyinto kwakubhekwa njengesenzo ubuciko, kodwa manje sibona ukuvela flat plasma izikrini nge 3D ubuchwepheshe. Aphathekayo, computer tablet, futhi-ke, amafoni kangaka siqine ezimpilweni zethu ukuthi ngaphandle kwabo ukwethula kuzoba yinkinga kakhulu.

Izinga lokuphila kwethu kusenza sikwazi ukuthola Imishini eminingi okuyinto manje ugcwalise ikhaya lethu, kodwa ukuhambisana ushintsho izizukulwane, nzima, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi umuntu ovamile akazi lutho mayelana izibuyekezo.

Ukushesha bebangalasa zokuphila ngesinye isikhathi kuyasiza ukumisa bese ubheka emuva, njo yakhe indaba, futhi ukhumbule owayeneminyaka iyahola. Ake uphendule umbuzo owasungula ucingo? Ngokungangabazeki, lokhu ingenye amadivayisi ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwalabo abasizungezile. Umuntu ngaphandle manje azizwa nje olungenakuzisiza. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyazi owasungula ucingo, ngubani waqale wanika amagama ambalwa buqamama.

Ngesikhathi impande kokusungulwa samanje

Sikhuluma nokudluliswa imisindo buqamama. Ngaphansi le ncazelo uthola okuningi amadivaysi. Ngokokuqala ngqá into enjengale uvele China ngonyaka 968. Yiqiniso, ngaleso sikhathi "Ifoni" kwakungafanele efana esikubonayo manje, kwaba amadivayisi nzima mechanical ehlanganisa sebuningini amapayipi. Okunjalo yomsindo ukudluliswa isimiso isetshenziswa manje, isibonelo, kwi imikhumbi emikhulu.

Olunye uhlobo aziwayo, mhlawumbe, konke "iselula intambo." Ngisho kwamanje kungenzeka ukwenza we diaphragms ezimbili nentambo welulela phakathi kwazo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi zinhlelo akudingeki lutho lwezobuchwepheshe banamuhla, manje bakhonza prototype, okuyinto esetshenziswa izimiso lokufaneleka namuhla. Kodwa ubani owasungula le ngocingo ngesimo esetshenziswa manje?

izinto zikagesi

Ngo 1860, i-Italy Antonio Meucci wabonisa idivayisi olukwazi okuxhunyanwa imisindvo lehlukene kanye inkulumo phezu wire. Waze wathola igunya lokwenza wakhe wokusungula. Cishe ngemva konyaka German okuthiwa Johann Reis ethulwa into efanayo, kodwa ifakwe i-microphone nezipika. Ngo-1876 u-Aleksandr Bell wabonisa izwe idivayisi ebizwa nge- "ekhuluma yocingo" owanikhipha ndawonye imibono ngamacebo odlule. He kubhekwa umsunguli umnikelo vnosshim, kodwa akuyona owasungula ucingo kuqala.

usosayensi Russian futhi unjiniyela kagesi ngo-1878 wadala ukuklanywa zedivayisi kuhlukile okusungulile Bell. idivayisi wakhe ucingo lokuqala Russian. Eminyakeni eyalandela, ososayensi abaningi baye abasebenza ngcono yayo, kuhlanganise uThomas Edison.

Kodwa ukuze siphendule umbuzo othi ubani owavela iselula, kancane more xaka, ngoba uye waba ukunweba engokwemvelo ezimbili indlela imisakazo namanye amadivayisi efanayo. Umqondo ukudala into ethi ayifane naleyo ebonakala ngo-1947, futhi sibonelo wokuqala emhlabeni, okungase kubhekwe kuselula eqoqwe Golubitskiy usosayensi Russian ngo-1957, nakuba idivayisi enesisindo esingaba 3 kilograms.

Singasho ukuthi umbuzo owasungula ucingo, akuyona impendulo ecacile ezinjalo. Ososayensi abaningi abavela emazweni ehlukene ngesikhathi abasebenza kuleli, futhi manje singajabulela Imiphumela yomsebenzi wabo kuzinga ehluke ngokuphelele. Futhi ngakho estvestvenno ukuthi ngisho iyeke ukucabanga.

Futhi kumadivayisi eselula, futhi landlines abavamile ungenayo into ukwenzani yokuthi kwaba pheze eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule.