Funa enwebekayo inelastic, umqondo kuyaqina

Demand - lena inani lepahla namkha imisebenzi ukuthi abathengi bazimisele ukuthenga ngamanani zamanje ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Phakathi ukufunwa lezimpahla kanye nentengo yayo kukhona ubuhlobo ezilandelayo: ayanda intengo, lo ezimbalwa inani abathengi uzimisele uyithenga - futhi okuphambene nalokho. Lokhu kwencika ubizwa ngokuthi "umthetho isidingo".

Nokho, osomnotho nabahlaziyi akwanele nje ukubikezela umthelela ubuningi yafuna ushintsho amanani zamanje. ukubaluleka Mkhulu degree kwalolo shintsho. Amandla ngawo ushintsho ziphoqa, kuncike ezicini eziningana, ubizwa ngokuthi "kuyaqina isidingo". izinhlobo abahlukene eziningana kuyaqina ezifana: intengo, esiphambanweni engenayo kuyaqina. Uhlobo ngalunye izici.

Inani kuyaqina kubonisa ukuthi ukufuneka luyehluka kuye intengo iyehla iyenyuka, futhi wabonisa ukuthi ngokuya Coefficient kuyaqina :

Ed = (ΔQ / Q): (ΔP / P), lapho

ΔQ / Q - ushintshe inani ethengwayo,

ΔP / P - ushintsho enanini lo mkhiqizo.

Futhi ulinganise kuyaqina isidingo ibalwa njengoba amaphesenti:

Ed =% Q /% P, lapho

% Q - ngamaphesenti nokwanda noma ukwehla ngokufunwa,

% P - ngamaphesenti nokwanda noma ukwehla amazinga.

Lesi isilinganiso kubonisa ukuthi ukushintsha funa, uma intengo kwezimpahla liyokhula noma wehlise ngo-1%.

kuyaqina Cross, yena, ephawula ezingeni sokuncika isidingo umkhiqizo wokuqala, kuncike ekushintshashintsheni ukubaluleka omunye. Ifomula lokhu inkomba simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

Eab = (ΔQa / QA): (ΔPb / PB), lapho

ΔQa / QA - izinguquko ukufunwa umkhiqizo wokuqala futhi,%;

ΔPb / PB - intengo ushintsho lwesibili umkhiqizo b,%.

Income kuyaqina efana kuyaqina yentengo, kodwa njengoba kuthonya ezingeni ngokufunwa, manje ukubaluleka imali.

Ei = (ΔQ / Q): (ΔI / I), lapho

ΔQ / Q - izinguquko inani izimpahla ithengiswe,

ΔI / Mina - ushintsho isihlobo ezingeni engenayo.

Kuye Coefficient etholwe okunwebeka isehlane elandelayo izinhlobo:

1. Ed = 0.

Kulokhu, thina funa ngokuphelele inelastic. Zero Coefficient ukubaluleka kusho ukuthi intengo iyehla iyenyuka musa kuthinte inani ethengwayo. Njengomthetho, kuba imithi ezibalulekile, njengokuthobeka insulini.

2. Ed <1.

Uma ukubaluleka ungaphakathi uhla kusuka 0 kuya 1, kusho funa inelastic. Ngenxa yalokho, ekunyuseni amanani kuyobonakala ababuthakathaka yokuthengisa. Uma sikwenza kungaxegi enquma ukwehlisa ngomphetho wekhasi kulokho imikhiqizo funa inelastic, esikhundleni ukwanda kulindeleke e yokuthengisa izothola imali engenayo ukwehla. Isibonelo imikhiqizo funa inelastic, kukhona ukudla impahla ebalulekile.

3. Ed = 1.

Lapho iyunithi kuyaqina izinguquko intengo ngeke kuthinte kwesamba semali. Kuyinto kulokhu usayizi omkhulu. Isibonelo isidingo ezihlukahlukene services zokuthutha, okuyinto ivame ukuba ziyahlukahluka ngokulinganayo fares ziyaguquguquka.

4. Ed> 1.

funa nokunwebeka, okuyinto kuncike ngokuyisisekelo phezu iyehla iyenyuka intengo. Amankampani athengisa imikhiqizo enjalo, kutuswa ukwehlisa amanani imikhiqizo yabo, ngoba kuzokhulisa imali etholakale ngokudayiswa.

5. Ed = ∞.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukufunwa lo mkhiqizo libhekene nezimo ngokuphelele ngokuphelele. With amanani ezinzile ushintsho gqwa isidingo mikhiqizo. Isibonelo imikhiqizo enjalo kungaba ukukhonza njengephayona zokunethezeka.

Kuyadingeka enwebekayo inelastic kuthonywa izici ezihlukahlukene. Leyo ebaluleke kakhulu yilena elandelayo:

• Isibalo azithathi lo mkhiqizo. Uma umkhiqizo has a lot of esikhundleni ezinhle, futhi kuyaqina lizophakama;

• yisabelo kwalo mkhiqizo imali yomthengi. Ukuthembela ngokuqondile ezilinganiselwe: ayanda abanesibalo, ayanda kuyaqina;

• ukubaluleka umkhiqizo umthengi - ngabe izimpahla noma izimpahla okunethezeka umkhiqizo nsuku zonke. Yiqiniso, isidingo izimpahla okunethezeka kuyinto nokunwebeka ngaphezulu;

• isikhathi factor. Umthengi has isikhathi esikhulu, ayanda kuyaqina.