Yini umbala yiwona plastids ezitshalweni

I physiology izitshalo kusekelwe inqubo ye-photosynthesis - ushintsho amandla elanga ibe amandla amakhemikhali. Isitho main ye-photosynthesis kuyinto eshidini. Kwamanzi embozwe seshidi ezondile isikhumba - epidermis, esemgwaqweni ngaphansi hlorenhima - ijwabu esifanayo, amaseli lapho inqubo yenziwa-photosynthesis. Kwezinye izitshalo phakathi epidermis futhi hlorenhimoy kungenye isendlalelo amaseli, okuthiwa "hypodermis". amaseli hypodermal babe esobala, futhi umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko bazihlakaze elangeni.

amaseli hlorenhimy aqukethe organelles main, photosynthesis kwenzeka -plastidy. Mayelana ukuthi ikuphi umbala yiwona plastids, singafunda inkambo esikoleni biology.

Uyini plastids

Plastids - iyona organelles intracellular, sizungezwe ulwelwesi double. Ngaphakathi ngamunye plastic egcwele uketshezi ekhethekile --matrix. I-matrix iqukethe enzyme adingekayo ukuze zamagama glucose - umkhiqizo wokugcina ye-photosynthesis. Ukusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene enzyme 6 molecule ye-carbon dioxide futhi amanzi 6 aguqulwa ku 2 glucose molecule. Enye "abadlali" main kuyinto hlorovilla-molecule - lo mbala oluhlaza, okunikeza umbala amaqabunga izitshalo.

izinhlobo plastids

Uma ingane icela ukuthi yini umbala yiwona plastids, musa ukusheshe uphendule, ukuthi nakanjani oluhlaza. Izinto azibi ngakho elula! Umbala plastids enamathiselwe sombala ukuthi ziqukethe. Kuye lokhu, kukhona izinhlobo eziningana: proplastids, leucoplasts, chloroplast, chromoplasts. It kuncike uhlobo umbala plastids ukuphi.

Proplastids - a organelles kungekho nto enemibala emihle kamuva zazo kwakheka zonke ezinye izinhlobo plastids. Leucoplasts futhi imibala akudingeki. Chloroplast kuluhlaza, futhi ukunquma umbala amaqabunga isiqu.

Chromoplasts - lena uhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu plastid. I chromoplasts-matrix sederzhatsya carotenoid, futhi kulokhu zinikeza lokho umbala kungase kube plastid - orange, ophuzi, pink, obomvu, burgundy noma ensundu. Chromoplasts ukunikeza umbala sici izimbali nezithelo.

umsebenzi plastids

On lokho imibala kungaba plastids, incike umsebenzi wabo. Okuningi ngokunembile, lo mbala kufakwe Ukwakheka kwabo. The main umsebenzi plastids photosynthesis, kodwa hhayi yonke plastids ziyakwazi-photosynthesis, futhi kuphela chloroform futhi chromoplasts.

Leucoplasts - a "esezikhulile ubudala" plastids, ezisetshenziswa for nokugcina izinto, ikakhulukazi isitashi proplastids Sinike kuphakame zonke ezinye izinhlobo plastids.

Ngakho, imisebenzi incike kulokho imibala kungaba plastids. chloroplast Green synthesize izinto ezintsha, kanti chromoplasts anemibala elikhanyayo zikhange abathuthi bempova izimbali. leucoplasts kungekho nto enemibala emihle ukugcina izinqolobane izakhamzimba.