Plastids kungaba ezahlukene: izinhlobo, ukwakheka kwazo, imisebenzi

Abaningi cishe wazi lokho plastids esikoleni. Ngokuhamba Botany lithi kumaseli isitshalo, le plastids bungabi Zihlukile ngokwakheka, ubukhulu kanye imisebenzi ehlukene kuseli. Lesi sihloko kukukhumbuza nokwakheka plastids, mafomu nemisebenzi kulabo kakade kuphothula esikoleni samabanga aphakeme, futhi kuyoba usizo ubani nesithakazelo biology.

isakhiwo

Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa isakhiwo olotshiwe wesakhiwo plastids kuseli. Kungakhathaliseki injalo, it has ulwelwesi zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, umsebenzi zokuzivikela, stroma - Analogue cytoplasm ribosomal DNA enzyme.

Ngo chloroplast kukhona izakhiwo ezikhethekile - grana. Grana thylakoids lizale - izakhiwo, afana ezilengayo. Thylakoids zinengxenye synthesis ATP nomoya-mpilo.

Ngo chloroplast isitashi elimbudumbudu akhiwa ngenxa ye-photosynthesis.

Leucoplasts hhayi esikhunjeni. Zenza thylakoids ungekho, abazi iqhaza-photosynthesis. Iningi leucoplasts bagxila kule stem kanye nezimpande zalesi sihlahla.

Chromoplasts yakhiwa lipid amaconsi - izakhiwo aqukethe lipids ezidingekayo ukuze awunikeze ezengeziwe amandla isakhiwo plastids.

Plastids kungaba imibala ehlukene, osayizi kanye ezakhiwe ngayo. osayizi yabo isukela phakathi 5-10 microns. Ukuma ngokuvamile round noma okusaqanda, kodwa kungase kube yimuphi omunye.

izinhlobo plastids

Plastids kungaba kungekho nto enemibala emihle (leucoplasts), green (chloroplast), ophuzi noma orange (chromoplasts). Inikeza chloroplast zezitshalo eshiya oluhlaza.

Olunye uhlobo plastids, chromoplasts, unesibopho umbala ophuzi, obomvu noma orange.

plastids kungekho nto enemibala emihle kuseli umsebenzi wesitoreji izakhi. Leucoplasts eziqukethwe amafutha, nesitashi, amaphrotheni kanye enzyme. Lapho lesi sitshalo udinga amandla ezengeziwe ukuqhekeza monomers isitashi - glucose.

Leucoplasts ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (kwelanga noma ngokungeza amakhemikhali) zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela le chloroplast, chloroplast siguqulelwa chromoplasts, lapho i-chlorophyll libhujiswa ngo Umbala zombala ziqala ukuba linqobe chromoplasts - carotene, kwe-anthocyanin noma xanthophyll. Lokhu ukuguqulwa ephawuleka ekwindla, lapho amaqabunga izithelo eziningi ushintsho umbala ngenxa ukubhujiswa chlorophyll zombala futhi ukubonakaliswa chromoplasts.

imisebenzi

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, plastids kungaba ezahlukene, futhi umsebenzi wabo kuseli isitshalo kuncike ezihlukahlukene.

Leucoplasts asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko yokugcina kwezakhi nokusekela ukuphila isitshalo ngenxa ikhono ukugcina bese synthesize amaprotheni, lipids, ama-enzyme.

Chloroplast nendima ebalulekile enqubeni ye-photosynthesis. Ngosizo we kanzulu sombala chlorophyll ku plastids-carbon dioxide senzeka nokuguqulela molecule yamanzi-glucose ne zomoya-mpilo.

Chromoplasts sibonga ezinemibala egqamile izinambuzane impova. Tadisha nemisebenzi lezi plastids lusaqhubeka.