Imvula Acid - nemvula ene-asidi kuyinto ...: izizathu. Inkinga nemvula ene-asidi

imvula Acid ... Lona umusho zanamuhla, ukuphila ezisemadolobheni ikakhulukazi sekuvame. Ngokuvamile abalimi bakhononda ukuthi ngemva ezifana izitshalo kwezulu ezingemnandi ziqala ukuncipha, futhi amaxhaphozi avele enamathela olumhlophe noma aphuzi.

Yini lena

Isayensi has a impendulo eziqondile umbuzo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi nemvula ene-asidi. Lena zonke ezaziwayo izinhlobo kwezulu, ogama aqueous inkomba (pH) lingaphansi kunalokhu okujwayelekile. Kuyinsakavukela kuyinto pH 7. Uma ucwaningo lubonisa i kweswela kwalesi sibalo inhlabathi, basuke kubhekwe ene-asidi. Esimeni semakhaya kuragela zonke boom yezimboni asidi imvula, iqhwa, inkungu nesichotho kaningi ephakeme kunaleyo amazinga evamile.

izizathu

Kaninginingi, udedele nemvula ene-asidi. Izizathu baqamekela amagesi anobuthi izitshalo zezimboni, imoto qeda, ngezinga elincane kakhulu - e ukubola zemvelo. Atmosphere ligcwala sulphur kanye nitrogen oxides, i-hydrogen chloride nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali akha acid. Umphumela kuba imvula acid.

Kube kwezulu nokuqukethwe alikhali. Bona wazi khona calcium ion noma ammonia. igama elithi "nemvula ene-asidi" angase beza kuye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi eba emanzini noma emhlabathini, imvula enjalo iyosithinta ushintsho amanzi-base balance.

Yini ebangela imvula esidi

Lutho namachibi ezinhle endaweni esizungezile engokwemvelo, yebo, akusho kuhilelani. Kakhulu eziyingozi acid imvula. I izimbangela zokufa yezimila ngemva kokushona kwezulu lalala yokuthi ezweni acid kuthiwa leached izakhi eziningi ewusizo, ngaphezu, akukho ukusilaphazeka komoya nezinsimbi eziyingozi: aluminium, phambili kanye nabanye. inhlabathi Angcolisiwe kungaba ibe imbangela kuguquka nokufa izinhlanzi amachibi, ukuthuthukiswa okungavamile kwezimila emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi. Ubuhle bendawo ebazungezile evamile, nabo nethonya elilimazayo: ngokwezinga elikhulu nesandla ukubhujiswa zemvelo coating yama-materials, bangaba imbangela yashesha ukugqwala metal izakhiwo.

Ngemva kokubuyekeza isici esivelele zalesi simo asemkhathini, singaphetha ngokuthi inkinga ka nemvula ene-asidi ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu kusukela iphuzu kwemvelo umbono.

ucwaningo lwesayensi

Kubalulekile ukuchaza kabanzi icebo chemical nokungcoliswa imvelo. imvula Acid - imbangela yokuphazamiseka eziningi esimweni. Wawunodonga ukuwa enjalo engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu XIX, lapho umthaki R. Smith Enkulu YaseBrithani kwembulwe umusi kanye intuthu izinto eziyingozi, okuyinto amakhemikhali kakhulu ekushintsheni imvula iphethini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nemvula ene-asidi - into ukuthi ihlanganisa indawo enkulu, kungakhathaliseki umthombo ukungcola. I usosayensi odumile nokubhujiswa kuhilelani inhlabathi enobuthi: izifo isitshalo, ukulahlekelwa umbala lendwangu, kuyashesha ukusabalala nokugqwala nabanye.

Ochwepheshe ikakhulukazi kuhambisana ngalokufanele ukuzimisela ukuthi onjalo acid izimvula. Ngoba empeleni iqhwa, inkungu, amafu nesichotho. Dry nokushoda imvula umswakama asemkhathini uwela negesi nothuli.

umthelela yabantu emvelweni

Dying echibini, inciphise inani ngokwehla kwesibalo sezinhlanzi, amahlathi zinyamalale - zonke lezi ebuhlungu namachibi zemvelo. Nenhlabathi emahlathini azivumelani ngendlela ebucayi ukuze acidification, njengoba amachibi, kodwa umbono izitshalo ongemuhle neze izinguquko asidi. Thanda aerosol inhlabathi eziyingozi mpahla amahlamvu kanye pine izinaliti, iziqu elifakwe zingene inhlabathi. Izimila uthola ukusha imvelo zamakhemikhali, luba buthaka futhi ukulahlekelwa ikhono ukusinda. Umhlabathi ilahlekelwa wenzalo bazogcwalisa sokwanda compounds ezinobuthi.

izinsiza yemvelo

Lapho kwenziwa inhlolo-vo nasemachibini eJalimane, kwatholakala ukuthi amachibi lapho izinga amanzi kakhulu aphambuka kuyinsakavukela, izinhlanzi wanyamalala. Kuphela ezimweni angawodwa ambalwa amachibi babanjwa.

ifa zomlando

Invulnerable, izidalwa ezibonakala womuntu futhi uhlushwa nemvula ene-asidi. Acropolis Lasendulo, elise Greece, waziwa emhlabeni wonke ngoba wabuka kwayo okunamandla eziqoshiwe ezenziwe ngemabula. Century engawayekanga ngezinto zemvelo: zohlobo yizicukuthwane libhujiswa emoyeni kanye nemvula, nemvula ene-asidi phambili siqinise khudlwana le nqubo. Ukubuyisela yobuciko zomlando amakhosi yesimanje akazange athatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela ukuxhumana metal ngokumelene ukugqwala. Umphumela waba ukuthi nemvula ene-asidi, yensimbi oxide, bangaba imifantu imbangela ezinkudlwana statues zemabula eqhekeza ngenxa nokugqwala ingcindezi.

ezikhumbuzo kwamasiko

IZizwe Ezihlangene ziye zasusa ukutadisha umphumela nemvula ene-asidi ku nakumasiko. Ngokuhamba lezi ziye kungase kutholakale imiphumela emibi isenzo imvula enhle emawindini engilazi apendiwe amadolobha Western Europe. Izinkulungwane ingilazi enombala engozini ukuze zingagcwaliseki. Sinenkosi ukujabulisa abantu kwekhulu lamashumi amabili ngoba amandla aso futhi okwakhe, kodwa kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule, mnyama ngu nemvula ene-asidi, esongela ukubhubhisa omangalisayo ibala nengilazi imidwebo. Uthuli, nesibabule ayegcwele, konakala kwakudala isikhumba iphepha. umkhiqizo sidilizwa ngaphansi kwethonya sulphur dioxide bazolahlekelwa amandla ukumelana weathering, babe ethambile futhi kungaba sidilike ku uthuli ngokushesha.

ecocatastrophe

imvula Acid - lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu sokusinda isintu. Ngeshwa, ezingokoqobo zokuphila kwanamuhla sezisebenza ezidinga ukunwetshwa namanje enkulu ukukhiqizwa yezimboni, okuyinto kwandisa umthamo anobuthi kwekhabhoni emkhathini. Izwe labantu ukwanda, lizinga liyaphuma ephilayo, izimoto beba more, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla idlula umkhawulo. Kulokhu kuphela TPP we Russian Federation unyaka ngamunye ungcolisa kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-anhydride equkethe nesibabule.

imvula Acid kanye imbobo-ozone

Ozone imbobo akuyona kancane ezivamile futhi kubangele ezinokubaluleka okungathi sína ngokwengeziwe. Ukuchaza okushiwo zalesi simo, kufanele kusho ukuthi lokhu akukona ngempela igebe imvilophi asemkhathini, futhi ehlukumeza ukushuba ungqimba lwe-ozone, esemgwaqweni cishe ngo 8-15 km kusuka Earth ku Stratosphere futhi kudlulela 50 km. i-ozone Cluster kakhulu ubamba eyingozi ultraviolet emisebeni kokukhanya kwelanga, ukuvikela iplanethi emisebeni esiqine. Kungakho imbobo-ozone kanye nemvula ene-asidi - usongo impilo evamile le planethi, ezidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.

Ubuqotho ungqimba lwe-ozone

Ukuqala zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, ijoyina uhlu okusungulwe abantu chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). engavamile abo ayengamakhulu ukuzinza ezehlukile, ukungabi iphunga, combustibility, akukho nomphumela anobuthi. CFCs Kancane kancane kabanzi ukusebenza ukukhiqizwa Ukupholisa amayunithi ahlukahlukene (kusuka izimoto ukuba izikhungo zokwelapha), mlilo, aerosol izinjongo zasekhaya.

Kuphela ekupheleni engxenyeni amabili bamakhemikhali ekhulwini Sherwood Rowland noMario Molina yesibili, kwasikiselwa ukuthi imfuyo isimangaliso, eyaziwa nangokuthi Freon, kungaba nethonya elinamandla ungqimba lwe-ozone. Kulokhu, lo CFC kungaba "hambisa" emoyeni amashumi eminyaka. Kancane kancane ekuphumeni kusuka emhlabathini, befinyelela Stratosphere lapho imisebe ye-UV ibulala Freon compounds ukukhulula ama-athomu chlorine. Ngenxa yalokho yale nqubo, i-ozone is ibe umoya-mpilo ngokushesha okuningi kunalokho ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile kwemvelo.

Kubi ukuthi wonke amayunithi ziyadingeka guqula athomu chlorine wezinkulungwane zamakhulu we-ozone molecule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, CFCs ezibhekwa amagesi ukudala Isivuvu futhi behileleke inqubo yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Kuyinto fair ukwengeza ukuthi umnikelo ukubhujiswa ungqimba lwe-ozone futhi ubangela kakhulu nemvelo. Ngakho, amagesi ezintaba-mlilo aqukethe kuze kube eziyikhulu compounds, kuhlanganise hydrocarbon. CFCs Yemvelo esivivaneni ukuze kuthuthuke thinning of ungqimba lwe-ozone-equkethe ekhuthele phezu izingongolo iplanethi.

Yini engenziwa kuleso simo?

Wokuqonda ingozi ka nemvula ene-asidi, asihlobene. Manje kwi-ajenda kuwo wonke umbuso, kuzo zonke isitshalo zezimboni kumelwe kuqala babe izinyathelo ukuqinisekisa ubumsulwa emoyeni kuma.

Ngo izitshalo giant Rossi, njengomculo "RUSAL", baba indlela wemfanelo kakhulu lolu daba eminyakeni yamuva. Abanaso onga namathuluzi ukufakwa izihlungi okunokwethenjelwa yesimanje futhi yokuhlanza izindawo ukuvimbela ingress le oxides umkhathi izinsimbi ezisindayo.

Basuke ngokuya esetshenziswa izindlela yokuthola amandla ngaphandle entailing nemiphumela eyingozi. Umoya amandla elanga (isibonelo, ekhaya futhi imoto) - akuseyona fantasy, kodwa umkhuba yimpumelelo esisiza inciphise kwekhabhoni elimazayo.

Ukunwetshwa kwamahlathi ngatshala, yokuhlanza emifuleni nasemachibini, ukucutshungulwa efanele udoti - zonke izindlela eziphumelelayo ekulweni nokungcola.