Emkhathini ezingcolisayo

ukuthuthukiswa yezimboni nezomnotho kuhambisana, njengoba umthetho, okwandisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Amadolobha amaningi amakhulu zinezikhathi lokuhlushwa abalulekile insiza kwezezimboni insimu sincane, okuyinto iyingozi kwempilo yabantu.

Enye yezinto zemvelo okuyinto nomphumela evelele kunazo empilweni yomuntu iyona izinga lomoya. A engozini ethile okwamanje amele kwekhabhoni ukungcola. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-toxicants faka umzimba womuntu ikakhulu ngokusebenzisa ipheshana zokuphefumula.

Air kwekhabhoni: imithombo

Ukuhlukanisa phakathi imithombo yemvelo kanye yabantu ezingcolisayo ngokufaka umoya. Kube sekususwa ukungcola main eziqukethe komoya ngenxa imithombo yemvelo siluthuli elingaphandle, ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo futhi yemifino, amagesi umusi okubangelwa ihlathi nemililo asemaqeleni, doti futhi weathering amatshe nenhlabathi nokunye.

amazinga ukungcoliswa komoya ezivela emithonjeni yemvelo umlingisi ngemuva. Amancane ushintsho ngokwanele nge sikhathi. Imithombo eyinhloko ngenzuzo ku makhemikhali emoyeni at esigabeni samanje enziwe - okungukuthi umkhakha (zimboni), ezolimo kanye ezokuthutha.

Emissions ezivela emkhathini

I "abahlinzeki" ngobukhulu ezingcolisayo ahlukahlukene emoyeni kukhona Metallurgical namandla izinkampani, amakhemikhali umkhakha, embonini yezokwakha, ifayela eliwumthombo.

Ngo inqubo uphethiloli amandla omlilo amandla izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene emkhathini, semali-sulphur dioxide, i-carbon-nitrogen oxides, carbon omnyama. Futhi, kwekhabhoni (izinto eziningi ezincane) ukwethula eziningi nezinye izinto, e-hydrocarbon ethile.

Imithombo eyinhloko gaseous kanye particulate kwekhabhoni ekukhiqizeni Metallurgical -. Esithandweni Ukuqeda ukufakwa thusi, pickling ngokwahlukana umshini Sinter imishini drobilnorazmolnoe, yokulayisha athula izinto, njll Ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke ubuningi ingqikithi izinto adedelwa emkhathini nge-carbon monoxide, uthuli, nesibabule anhydride, oxide nitric. Encwadini amanani kancane nenkanyiso encane ukhiphe manganese, i-arsenic, nomthofu, i-phosphorus, i-mercury umusi nokunye. Futhi, inqubo steelmaking kwekhabhoni zimumethe umusi-gas ingxube. Ziqukethe phenol, benzene, formaldehyde ammonia kanye nezinye izinto eziningana ezingase zibe yingozi.

kwekhabhoni Iyingozi kusukela amabhizinisi umkhakha zamakhemikhali, naphezu amavolumu amancane, ikakhulukazi yingozi for imvelo kanye komuntu, njengoba ebonakala ngu ubuthi okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuhlushwa ukwehluka eside. emoyeni engenayo kule ngxube kuncike uhlobo lomkhiqizo ungase wakhiwe nesibabule oxides, compounds oluyingozi organic, fluorine compounds, amagesi oxide, ukudla okuqinile, compounds kampompi ukuxova umuthi wokugoma, hydrogen sulfide ne-njalonjalo.

Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa zokwakha kanye usimende kwekhabhoni aqukethe amanani abalulekile uthuli ahlukahlukene. Izinqubo eziyisisekelo zobuchwepheshe okuholela ukwakheka zabo, ukugaya, obrabatyvaniya uhlanganise izinto, ushintsho futhi imikhiqizo ukugeleza amagesi esishisayo nokunye. Around izitshalo akhiqiza ngezinto ezahlukene ukwakhiwa zingase zimiswe zone ukungcoliswa engaba kuze kufinyelele 2000 m. Basuke kuhlome ngokuthi eliphezulu uthuli emoyeni, ehlanganisa izinhlayiya of Gypsum, usimende, asebenza ngebhethri, kanye nezinye ukungcola.

kwekhabhoni kusukela ezimotweni

Emadolobheni amakhulu, omningi ukungcola emkhathini livela izimoto. Kulinganiselwa ahlukahlukene, kwakha 80 kuya 95%. Amagesi qeda aqukethe inani elikhulu compounds ezinobuthi ezifana nitrogen ne-carbon oxides, aldehydes, hydrocarbon, kanjalonjalo. (Mayelana 200 compounds).

Amagesi enkulu kuyagcinwa ezindaweni Amarobhothi zemigwaqo indawo lapho izimoto lihamba ngesivinini ongaphakeme futhi idling. Ukubalwa kwekhabhoni emkhathini libonisa ukuthi izingxenye eyinhloko qeda kulokhu kukhona i-carbon monoxide hydrocarbon.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngokungafani kuya imithombo umile, ukusebenza izimoto kunomthelela ukungcola komoya nasemigwaqweni yasemadolobheni ekhanda ukuphakama. Ngenxa yalokho yemiphumela eyingozi ezingcolisayo angaphansi abahamba ngezinyawo, izakhamuzi izindlu sise komgwaqo, nitshale izimila bomdabu abasezindaweni ezizungeze.

ezolimo

Amagesi izidakamizwa eziyingozi emkhathini ezindaweni zasemakhaya ngokuyinhloko umphumela imisebenzi yezinkomo amapulazi futhi izinkukhu amapulazi. Ukuthuthukiswa aqukethe inyama yenkukhu kanye nezinkomo, emoyeni fed hydrogen sulfide ammonia namanye amagesi okuyinto asakaze phezu amabanga abalulekile. imbewu Futhi toxicants esiyingozi emoyeni ngenxa kwezitshalo emapulazini lapho sishaye zinambuzane nemikhiqizo umquba ebusweni bamasimu, iphathwa emafektri, njll

kweminye imithombo

Ngaphandle imithombo ngenhla, kwekhabhoni asemkhathini ezingcolisayo ekhiqizwa uwoyela negesi ukucutshungulwa izitshalo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezimayini amaminerali izinto zokusetshenziswa nokucubungula, phezu ejection of negesi nothuli ngaphansi komhlaba ezimayini, evutha amatshe abe izinqwaba, ngesikhatsi operation ye incinerators , nokunye. D.

Umthelela on komuntu

Ngokwemithombo ehlukahlukene, kukhona ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi komoya eziningi izifo. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhathi ukugeleza nezifo zokuphefumula ezinganeni, abahlala ezindaweni kuqhathaniswa angcolile, ngezikhathi 2-2.5 amaningi kunalawo ezihlala kwezinye izindawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, nasemizini, libhekene kwezimo zendawo ezimbi, ezinganeni kumakwe kahle kwezinso ukusebenza izivikeli mzimba futhi egazi, ukwephulwa izindlela compensatory-oluhambelana ukuze zezemvelo. izifundo eziningi futhi uthole isixhumanisi phakathi ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokushona kwabantu.

Izingxenye ezisemqoka kwekhabhoni ngokufaka umoya emithonjeni ehlukahlukene kuhoxisiwe ndaba, oxides nitrogen, carbon nesibabule. Lase kwembulwe ukuthi indawo ye exceedance ka NO ₂ CO ukumboza 90% ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni. Lezi zingxenye kwekhabhoni Macro kungabangela ukugula okungathí sina. Ukuthola le miphumela ezingcolisa e ukulimala nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye engenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula, ukuthuthukiswa isifo samaphaphu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokuhlala oluphakeme SO ₂ zingabangela nezinguquko esiwohlozayo e izinso, isibindi kanye inhliziyo, futhi CHA ₂ -. Toxicosis, kwezinso azalwa naso, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, iziyaluyalu sezinzwa nezinye Ezinye izifundo ezitholakala ubuhlobo phakathi kwesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi lokuhlala SO ₂ futhi CHA ₂ emoyeni.

okutholakele

nokungcoliswa imvelo futhi, ikakhulukazi, emkhathini, has nemiphumela emibi kwezempilo engekho kuphela kodwa futhi izizukulwane ezizayo. Ngakho-ke, singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwanoma yiliphi izinyathelo ezihlose ukunciphisa kwekhabhoni izinto eziyingozi emkhathini - omunye kunazo ukuphokophela nezindaba namuhla esintwini.