City kweLeningrad ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Leningrad ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe wathatha ingxenye yomuzi lokuqala Soviet ukuba ethunjwa amabutho kaHitler. Kulomuzi angikaze setha unyawo umhlaseli - Leningrad ilungela ukulwa! Kule ndaba, amaqembu akhiwa abezempi zabantu. amabutho yethu yathatha impi ukungalingani - bona wangenela angena empini futhi wabulala ... Ghibli, ukumisa okungenani kafushane ngaphambi isitha. Into esemqoka - iwukuba ukuthenga isikhathi ukuzivikela. Lapha, kwi umsebenzi wokwakha we uhlu lokugcina defense sazikhandla nsuku zonke, abantu ezingaba yingxenye yesigidi.

izinhlelo kaHitler

Isikhathi eside impela eLeningrad ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe yayithatha izinsuku 872 futhi kwafa abantu elinabantu abacela esigidini. Ezinye izazi-mlando eminyakeni baye bangabaza ukuthi kwakunokwenzeka ukuqeda ayehlasela lokhu okwakwenzeka. Futhi kaningi ukuza ufinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi, ngokusobala, akukho. Hitler wajaha futhi befisa likhiphe lo okuphiqikayo we Baltic Fleet.

Leningrad izakhamizi bakholwa ukuthi le mpi iyonqotshwa futhi benqaba ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi! Umuzi wamemezela umthetho karate. Ukuze phambili kungenziwa esafinyelelwa tram. Zonke zilungele ukulwa kuze kube sekupheleni!

Leningrad ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Sunny usuku, ngo-September 8, 1941 esibhakabhakeni phezu Leningrad wezwa ukuduma kwayo German "Junkers". Mayelana 6000 amabhomu hit edolobheni. Nge izindiza lehla amapheshana ne bebahleka umbhalo - ". Namhlanje kuqhunyiswe wena, futhi kusasa wena bayongcwaba ngokwakho" Khona-ke kwaqala uvivinyo lokuqala ... Testing, okuyinto wayengakamazi emhlabeni, ukuhlolwa lapho die kwaba lula kunaleyo ukuze bahlale bephila.

Izindiza wawuphansi kangangokuba base kuyabonakala iziphambano omnyama phezu kwamaphiko grey-oluhlaza. Inhloso ekuhlaseleni German iwukudla badayev emafektri. Umlilo sasisihle kakhulu, ushukela oncibilikisiwe agelezé ekusakazeni wasimanzisa walihlanganisa nomhlabathi phansi. 168 umlilo izinjini babe nesifiso sokuthandana wokukucima ishede. Kwaphela amahora amahlanu sathatha ukulwa nomlilo giant. Washa izakhiwo mayelana 40 lapho kukhona 3000 amathani ufulawa ayizinkulungwane 2.5 amathani ushukela. Ngakusasa ngaphandle Kiev, lapho kushiswe ukudla, safinyelela Leningrad. Umlilo ngesikhathi emafektri sokucasuka ukwethuka. Amashalofu e izitolo zokuthenga ukudla akhishwe. Amahemuhemu ayesakazwa: "Ngokushesha kuyofika khona indlala."

Kuze kube manje, obubhalwe bokuthi ukudla wokushiswa kungaba okwanele izinsuku ezimbalwa. Yayiyini imbangela indlala esabekayo ukuvinjelwa? Izazi-mlando phikisana ke kuze kube manje. Enye into icacile, ukuthi Leningrad, kanye nanoma yikuphi okuyidolobha kweSoviet Union, kwaba ifakwe okubizwa isondo. Uma ekuvinjezelweni, masinyane lost zonke ezibalulekile imithambo. ubuholi wezwe besingalindele ukuthi izenzakalo uyokwakha ngokushesha okukhulu kangaka.

City igcinwe! Ngo-September, amaJalimane wafohla ukuzivikela. abahlaseli German usike nojantshi futhi ngokushesha ifinyelele Ladoga echibini. ukuvinjelwa ivaliwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi yaqala ukuvinjezelwa omkhulu kweLeningrad.

Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin eLeningrad Jikelele Georgiya Konstantinovicha Zhukova, njengoba isimo sasibucayi. AmaJalimane ivaliwe edolobheni ukuthi ngisho ngezisusa babebone ababhishobhi domes. Zhukov iqoqa zonke izinqolobane futhi enqaba amatilosi imikhumbi. Ukuthatha amasosha acishe abe yizinkulungwane 50, kudala ukuba balwe. "Ukuze sime noma ngukufa!" - utshela jikelele.

Zokuzivikela Leningrad Umsebenzi

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuba isitha Leningrad? Kanjani ukuze uhambise ngaphandle Russia Leningrad? Kuvikela Leningrad phakathi neMpi Yezwe II wahlelwa ngokuya ubunjiniyela kahle. Ngo izindlela yiLeningrad ziziphatha kahle Luzhsky sivikele, ezingafinyelela 175 km ubude futhi 12 km ukujula. Lokhu izinqaba yakhiwa izakhamuzi Leningrad enyangeni yokuqala emva kuqala impi. City kweLeningrad phakathi nempi wadalula isiphepho bombardments. Ingxenye ukuzivikela konke okusemandleni abo ukuba azingenwa kuphangwa isitha. Ngokwenza kanjalo, zisiza amavolontiya ayizinkulungwane 60 evela emaqenjini ukuzivikela - abesilisa nabesifazane. Abavikeli Uyi zenkulumo enamandla shelling izisulu ke esingaphansi kuzolindeleka.

Emuva ngo-Agasti 1941, i-Army German "North" uye wanda phakathi kwababusi yayo eziphathelene nezempi, itholakele ebuthweni "Isikhungo". Manje ibutho lamaJalimane, baficwe Leningrad kwaba ifakwe amathangi amasha yehle ekuhlaseleni. Nale amandla amaNazi wakwazi kanjani ukugqashula kulowo ngivikele Luga phesheya amukele iringi sivikele amabutho.

Hungry ufulawa Leningrad

Ngo-September, edolobheni aqala ukuba nomuzwa wokuthi ukungabi umkhiqizo ecacile. Ngokwe-rate ukusebenza ingatholakala 500 amagremu isinkwa, abondliwa - 250 g abasebenzi kanye nezingane kwaba ongu- 300 amagremu isinkwa. Ngo-October, isimo iye yaqhubeka iwohloka. Emakethe zikhona amakhadi mbumbulu. Enta bephithene ukudla ayiswe. Ngesikhathi isiphakamiso kanobhala lokuqala Leningrad City Party neKomidi Andrei Zhdanov, kwanqunywa ukuba kabusha isabelo amakhadi ngenyanga ka-Okthoba. Lokhu kwakusho hhayi kuphela indawo omunye amashidi iphepha kwesinye, futhi ukuwa izinga lokukhishwa nesinkwa.

ikhadi Ukusebenza kwaba isisusa ukuphila. It is okuqinisekisiwe unelungelo lokuthola isinkwa. Kodwa ngisho lo mthetho ingagciniwe kubo njalo endlaleni. Ngokwe inkomba NKVD Administration eLeningrad esifundeni, ngakho ngaphambi kwempi, isilinganiso ukufa nyanga zonke izinkulungwane zabantu 3. Ngo-October 1941, izinga lokufa kwaba kakade abantu 6199. Ukuvinjezelwa Leningrad uqala ngokushesha ukunqabela isinkwa kuyinsakavukela. Ngo-November 1941, abondliwa, futhi yilawa ikakhulukazi abantu abadala kanye nezingane, engase akwazi ukubala izinhlayiya 125 kuphela amagremu isinkwa.

indlala

Winter weza, 1941, ukuze ngingabi nokhahlo kakhulu. Kulesi isikhathi esithile zeqhwa amanzi. Ngakho-ke, umthombo kuphela yokuthola amanzi ukhula ube umfula iNeva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli dolobha liye isiphelile zonke amasheya uphethiloli, ezokuthutha rose. Eqolo steel ukhuni! Ngo emzini ovinjezelwe indlala - kwesivivinyo embi kakhulu eyaziwa Leningrad ngesikhathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

125 amagremu lwesinkwa esigayweni uginindela nothuli - a izabelo ukuvinjelwa. Ababulawa indlala baba mass. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isinkwa nezinto baba isimo kuphela ukuze kulondolozwe ukuphila. Kuze kube ngo-December 1941 esikhundleni ikhadi elahlekile kwaba Kusengenzeka ukuthola ikhadi elisha esikhundleni. Nokho, amacala okweba nokuhlukumeza. Leningrad Hungry wayevamile ukuya enkohlisweni ngomzamo uthole kulo ukudla okwengeziwe. Ukukhishwa impinda kumisiwe. Kusukela manje, ukushonelwa sephepha i isitembu inki lokho kwakungasho ukufa. Ngo-December yendlala sabulala abantu abangaba izinkulungwane 53. Leningrad shí ebumnyameni ezibandayo torpor.

Abantu abangaphezu kuka-600,000 wafa yindlala ekuvinjezelweni. Dying emgwaqeni, emsebenzini, ekhaya, zokungena - abangu abakwazi bangcwabe ... Akunakwenzeka ukudlulisela ukuhlupheka kweLeningrad. Kodwa abayi kuphela bazama ukuqhubeka bephila, basebenza. Indlela elambile, abantu isiphelile wayegila? It iyohlale kuyimfihlo ejulile ezazilokhu Leningrad ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (isithombe esihlokweni).

ukuvinjelwa isinkwa

Leningrad ngesikhathi etshela eziningi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Phakathi nokuvinjelwa isinkwa recipe lashintsha izikhathi eziningana. into eyodwa kuphela engazange ishintshe - okuqukethwe ufulawa. It akukaze kudlulwe 60%. Labo abasele abanga-40% lalinabashumayeli ukungcola kanye izithasiselo. Isinqumo izithasiselo wamukelwa ukuphathwa ngenxa yokuntuleka ufulawa. It wayalwa ukuba elabhorethri central "Lenhlebprome" ukuthuthukisa ekhethekile baking ubuchwepheshe lwesinkwa anezele kungenzeka. Phakathi izithako eyengeziwe ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa bran, linseed uwoyela ikhekhe, ufulawa wesoya baking cellulose.

Leningrad awuzange udangele

City kweLeningrad phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ayizange uhlupho umzuzwana adikile sokunikela. Izakhamuzi wazama kabusha empilweni yakho yakudala! Ekugcineni, entwasahlobo ifikile. Kanye injabulo nokukhathazeka, silindele lo mqedazwe, kodwa ngenhlanhla, kwakungekhona - edolobheni waphaphama. Entwasahlobo ka-1942 e-ovinjezelwe inkonzo edolobheni tram waphinde waqalwa. Lo mbono kwakubonakala umoya ngandlela-thile fresh impilo entsha, kodwa isuke isihlale isikhathi abangakayitholi ukuphila emihle futhi ethule, kodwa namanje.

Konke elwa nendlala! Kwesokudla emzini kukhona izingadi, ungavumeli kungekho ucezu omunye umhlaba. Goebbels wathi lo muzi ufile! Phakathi naleso sikhathi, emzini ovinjezelwe futhi belamba - umdlalo webhola! Lokhu emhlabeni ukubonwa. BezeMpi oPhethe Leningrad Front ngaphambilini isinqumo ukubamba umdlalo webhola. Yanikwa umsebenzi - ukuthola eLeningrad futhi ngesikhathi phambi abadlali ungadlala uchungechunge okufanayo. Naphezu kobunzima babantu sobala, abadlali baye bakwazi ukuqoqa. City Football bukhoma!

ukuhlolwa Ngokumangalisayo awazange ayiphule intando izakhamuzi Leningrad, awayona kukhona nje kuphela - lapho ayehlala khona, wethembe futhi wasebenza. Ngo ovinjezelwe Leningrad umqambi Dmitri Shostakovich wadala symphony yakhe edume kunazo zonke 7, futhi bekubonakala sokuqala esenziwa e emzini ovinjezelwe.

Ukuphela ukuvinjelwa

Amadolobha amaningi kanye namazwe emhlabeni enyamalala, yaphenduka uthuli ngu abanqobi. ERussia, kukhona ezikhumbuzo - the ayenganqobeki of izinhlamvu, omunye wabo - Leningrad. ELeningrad phakathi neMpi Yezwe II kuhlanganisiwe iziboshwa German kuphela. Isikhathi eside impela eLeningrad lwaphuka! Yini eyasiza abantu ukuze usinde? Leningrad ngamunye uzizwa amanxeba ezweni, njengoba bebodwa, ngamunye njengoba kungenzeka sisondela ukunqoba.