Kuvulwa eMoscow University

Kuvulwa eMoscow State University e 1755 senziwa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba umsebenzi asebenzayo usosayensi oluvelele, academician wokuqala eRussia - Mikhail Lomonosov. Lesi sikhungo kubhekwa omdala kuleli zwe ephakeme isikhungo semfundo. Igama University waklonyeliswa ngo-1940, lapho isikhungo kugujwa iminyaka engu-185.

Ngesisekelo Academy of Sciences Petersburg emuva 1724 adalwa esikoleni esiphakeme futhi inyuvesi. umsebenzi wabo kwakuwukwenza izisebenzi yesayensi Russian. Nokho, lezi zinhlangano musa ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo imisebenzi yabo. Lomonosov ezihlongozwayo ngokuphindaphindiwe ukusungulwa the Moscow University. Washayelwa ayeyibhalela Shuvalov, a iziphakamiso usosayensi athathwa njengesisekelo ukuqeqeshwa iphrojekthi izikhungo. Njengoba yaziwa, Shuvalov kwaba ukubonisa iNdlovukazi Elizabeth, amsekela ukuthuthukiswa isiko Russian nesayensi, axhasa imizamo eminingi Mihaila Lomonosova.

Ngemva kokubukeza okusalungiswa okufakiwe lesikhungo entsha ezemfundo, Elizabeth 25 Januwari 1755 ngemvume isimemezelo ngesisekelo yalo. Kuvulwa eMoscow University owawuse-May 7, 1755. Ngosuku olufanayo u-Elizabeth sigubha usuku lokukhumbula ekumisweni kwayo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kulezi zinsuku ziye zaba ingxenye umlando sikhungo. Kuvulwa eMoscow University kugujwa imikhosi umfundi. Izinsuku Isayensi Students Ukudala kanye lenkomfa Yonyaka "Lomonosov Amaphepha" futhi kuphelelwe kulo mcimbi.

Ngokusho uhlelo kumdlali, kuvulwa MSU waqala lapho kumiswa amakhono ezintathu: yezokwelapha, zomthetho, nefilosofi. Kuqalwe ukuqeqeshwa bonke abafundi e-Faculty of Philosophy. Bamukela ukuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo humanities nesayensi yemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abasha ungaqhubeka imfundo yabo, onguchwepheshe ubuhlakani efanayo noma m uya zomthetho noma wezokwelapha. Esikhathini eMoscow University alinikezelwanga Faculty of Theology, ngokungafani kuya amanyuvesi aseYurophu. Lokhu kungenxa Russia isicelo ohlelweni ekhethekile yokulungiselela Orthodox izikhonzi, eyayihlanganisa izinkulumo, kokubili Latin futhi ngesiRashiya.

MSU ezahlukene umfundi yeningi kanye nabasebenzi professorial. Leli qiniso liye nesandla kakhulu yokwanda ububanzi phakathi kwabo imibono ezintsha emkhakheni kwezesayensi nasemphakathini. Inyuvesi kumele ente babevela ubani kodwa serfs ekilasini. Kulokhu, ohlelweni lwezemfundo wakhiwa ngokwepulani Isibonelo Western ezikoleni, lapho isimiso wayephezu survivals eside.

Kuvulwa eMoscow University zidinga izindleko ezithile. Lokwabiwa State nezindleko kancane kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqaleni intuthuko abafundi lesikhungo ngeke ukhokhiswe, futhi kamuva kuyo balahle abafundi abahlwempu. Ubuholi waphoqeleka ukufuna imithombo ehlukahlukene engeziwe okwenza inzuzo, ngisho asesebenzisa ekuhwebeni. umnikelo Omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni University baye benza abashisekeli (stroganoff, Demidov, Young). Badlula izidingo lesikhungo atholwe amathuluzi, izincwadi, amaqoqo, wamemezela umfundi imifundaze. I University bakuqinisekisa isiko osolwazi washiyela umtapo yabo yangasese amaqoqo.

Moscow University ungumholi ekugqugquzeleni kanye nokusabalalisa ulwazi lwesayensi. Izinkulumo othisha mpikiswano abafundi bakaJesu kwakumelwe evuleleke emphakathini. Ngonyaka olandelayo ngemuva kokusungulwa isikhungo sezincwadi nowokunyathelisa endlini lavulwa isisekelo sayo. Ngakho, waqala yasekhaya ncwadi ukushicilela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wabona ukukhanya iphephandaba ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni lokuqala "eMoscow Izindaba". Kusukela ngo-January 1760 kwaqala ukukhiqizwa umagazini tetemibhalo (ngowokuqala enhloko-dolobha) "yomshini Ewusizo."