Genoa lenkomfa

England, ukufuna indlela aphume esibucayi, kwadingeka ukuba ngibuyele eRussia njengoba umthengi emakethe emhlabeni. Genoa lenkomfa wanika ithuba. UNdunankulu waseBrithani Lloyd George ovumelane ukubiza omhlangano, lapho kanye Bulgaria, eJalimane, eHungary Austria futhi bamenyiwe abameleli Russia.

Nokho, lesi sinqumo kubange ukusabela nemibuthano France imibhikisho abukhali. Isimo nomthelela nongenamusa towards entsha, iSoviet, isiRashiya, nokwesaba yokutakula German. IKhabhinethi Briard kwadingeka ukuba iwe. Thumela undunankulu kwaba Puankre. Ukungakwazi ukukhuluma ngokumelene inkomfa kuhlelwe ivuliwe (sivumelwano ukuba abize sanikwa), wanquma ukuhlehlisa usuku, ngifuna ithuba uphume ukuwohloka sokugcina.

ELondon uhlu lwezikhalazo wathunyelwa isitatimende mayelana nokwenzeka iqhaza France kuphela uma kwenzeka Russia zonke izimo Cannes isixazululo kanye nokuqedwa izinguquko izivumelwano ne Germany kanye namanye amazwe wanqoba. kwadingeka Russia ukuvuma zonke izikweletu langaphambilini, ukusetha amalungelo babhekwe njengabezinye izizwe bengena futhi uvumele capitalists angaphandle ukuqhuba imisebenzi khulula ku insimu yalo. Empeleni, cishe kwakuyihora ngokubeka eRussia ( "ugwadule, eyasungulwa Council") sokunikela umbuso.

iqhinga Yokusebenzelana Kwamazwe kuphumelele. imibuthano mva e-England ngubani owayelesaba izingxoxo ezizimele phakathi Russia nase France, imvume yanikezwa. On isinqumo abathintekayo abafisa settlement ngokushesha isimo eMpumalanga Ephakathi: amaGreki, kusekelwa Britain, sibhalwe ngokucacile lokhu wanqoba.

Lenkomfa e Boulogne, owabanjwa mhlaka 25.02.1922, kuchazwa unaphakade: Genoa lenkomfa ibekezelelwe. Okwamanje, eLondon umhlangano ochwepheshe sokuxoxa ngezinkinga lobuchwepheshe, kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe. Kwaba isiqalo sendalo umfela ka iBrithani neFrance ngokumelene namaSoviet.

Kodwa Ukuhileleka French akazange ofuna ukugxila ezivuna England. Ukulandela umgomo walo wawubheke ukudala i phambi emelene ngempela namaSoviet emazweni aseBaltic. Futhi 17 Mashi phakathi Estonia, iLatvia, Finland nasePoland sisayinwe elinye inkontileka. essence yayo kwakungelona ukwenza izivumelwano ukuba aqondiswe kwelinye lamazwe losayinayo, nesaziso umbimbi ku ekuphetheni izivumelwano namanye amazwe (kufika ku umbhalo lezi zivumelwano). Yiqiniso, saphinde waya Russia.

Kodwa France kwakungenele. Nempela nje singazithola kanjani lenkomfa Genoa eyayiphambi iyunithi emelene ngempela namaSoviet uzojoyina futhi Little Entente?

E Belgrade, wamisa enye Umhlangano owandulelayo, ngemva kwalokho ungqongqoshe eCzechoslovakia Behnisch iyaya Paris kuqala bese ngu London, ukubika ukuqashelwa inikeza Puankre, owawuthi yamaZwe Genoa akusho ukudingida izimpikiswano of yokulungisa umonakalo futhi zezivumelwano zokuthula, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvimbe ukuqashelwa uhulumeni wamaSoviet. Nokho, Belgrade isekela isifiso Lloyd George ukubuyisela ubuhlobo ukuhweba neRussia, sicela uyeke ukuhlaselwa nolaka. Ngemva kwezingxoxo ezinde, kuvunyelwene.

Le ngqungquthela Genoa wagcina ihlelelwe Apreli 10, wadonsa kwaze kwaba 19 Meyi ebukhoneni abameleli amazwe 29: Union of South Africa, New Zealand, India, e-Austria, eCanada, e-Estonia, i-Japan, Switzerland, Sweden, eCzechoslovakia, iFinland, iFrance, uMbuso Slovenes, eCroatia namaSerbia, Romania, Portugal, Poland, eNetherlands, Luxembourg, iNorway, iPoland, iLatvia, iLithuania, e-Italy, Finland, eFrance, eGreece, eJalimane, Denmark, Hungary, Albania, eBulgaria, eGreat Britain, e-Austria futhi Russian Federation (umsebenzi eholwa Lenin nePhini Chi Yerin). I-United States linqaba.

Kodwa Embizweni eyayingo-Genoa ayihambanga njengoba kulindeleke "ngakolunye uhlangothi" ngaphambili zamanxusa. Uhlangothi Soviet wamemezela ukuthi uma ikubona ukubambisana kwezomnotho, kodwa ngeke kushintshe izimiso wobukhomanisi. Russia wakuphawula lokho futhi, ngomqondo obanzi, beqaphela ukuthi Cannes isinqumo, kodwa wayefisa ukuba ilungelo lokwenza izinguquko kwi esenana kokunikezela ezivuna abacebe ukuba capitalists angaphandle, ekhombe ngesikhathi esifanayo ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento ekubuyiseleni umnotho nemibandela ensimbi alenga ukusongela kwempi. Made by ohlangothini Soviet isiphakamiso okungalindelekile kwezikhali kwabangela izinxushunxushu.

Bart wabonisa obala ukungavumelani. Okunye abameleli, kubonakala besekela umbono, esabe ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile. France ahlukanisa.

izingxabano Eside isimo kunalokho engenamali ophoqelelwe ithimba German iyashintshashintsha. Esaba ukuthi kungenzeka isivumelwano phakathi eRussia kanye Entente, Germany unqume asayine Rapallo Treaty, ukuze aphule sazungeza lo ukuvinjelwa kwezomnotho Russian. OMfelandawonye waphendula ukunganeliseki ngokushesha kangangokuthi ithimba German wayincenga Russia ukubuyela inkontileka esayinwe, kodwa yebo, sachithwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-abaseSoviet wathola isicelo sokuqashelwa izikweletu pre-impi esenana izikweletu ukwesulwa lempi (futhi isithakazelo), kanye nokuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezimali Russia.

Phakathi nengxoxo iziphakamiso Soviet iqhubeka impi Backstage phakathi monopolies imbangi uwoyela - American ne-Anglo-Dutch, umphumela lapho siba uhlu lwezikhalazo nezinselele zokuba kusukela Russian anti-capitalism inkulumo-ze ekunqanyulweni (ze emelene ngempela namaSoviet buthule); hlangothi ezingxabanweni ukungqubuzana isiGreki Turkish; ukuqashelwa kwabo bonke kodwa izikweletu empi; umonakalo ngemva kwezincwadi.

Belgium neFrance sebeyicwaningisisile nemibandela memorandamu akwamukeleki nhlobo esithambile futhi ngenqaba ukusayina.

AbaseSoviet bazamukela memorandamu ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ethi ukuthi kwakungamukeleki ukwenqaba sohlangothi olulodwa ze engenzi ivumelane kuye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Russia wakhumbula enwetshiwe sipho yayo ukumema kule ngqungquthela ummeleli Turkey okungase kuthinte isimo e-Asia. Ngokuphathelene izikweletu kanye komhlaba, kukhona ohlangothini Russian wasala emi yedwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiphakamiso senziwa ukusungulwa ikhomishana ngokuhlanganyela, esizokwenza ukuba uxazulule izinkinga inkani.

Genoa lenkomfa ka-1922 kwase kusele kancane ngiye ukuhluleka ngenxa intransigence we Entente. Lloyd George, owesaba namacala kokuphazamisa inkomfa, wabhoncula iphuzu lokugcina memorandamu Soviet wanikela namanje ukuba liqoke ikomidi, okuzokwenza cabanga umehluko abasafufusa. isikhathi lesilinganisiwe yokufuna ikhomishini ezimbili (kusukela Russian futhi okungezona Russian) waqokwa ngo-June 1922. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, kwasikiselwa ukuba uyeke konke ukuhlaselwa futhi izenzo zobudlova. Ekwenzeni lesi sinqumo, lenkomfa Genoa nangaphezulu.