Processor Russian. Uhlelo zokukhiqiza Russian

I Onjiniyela of the Russian Federation usuqalile ukudala microprocessors zabo, okuyinto ezibhekwa ukuhlulwa maqondana imikhiqizo lemikhiqizo eziholela. Sekuvele kukhona njengoba onobuhle ukukhiqizwa, ukulungiselela ukukhiqizwa yezimboni, kanye nentuthuko ehlelelwe. Yini izilimi Russian - wamanje noma esikhathini esizayo - libanakekele ekhethekile?

The main Onjiniyela Russian Processors

Russian IT-umkhakha ngenkuthalo asathuthuka. Phakathi kunazo obusezingeni izingxenye zalo - ukuthuthukiswa microprocessor, yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa PC kanye amaseva avame ichasiselwe i-IBM-izakhiwo. kule makethe manje wabusa brand amabili global - Intel futhi AMD. ngentuthuko Competitive emhlabeni, bayingcosana kakhulu. Kodwa ayikho neyodwa kulezi kungenziwa olunikezwa onjiniyela Russian.

Phakathi chips ethembisa abavela eRussia, abangase babe izimbangi Intel futhi AMD, njengoba processor Kusolwa "iBaikal". Kusolwa ukuthi i-chip izofakwa kumakhompyutha ahlelwa ejensi wombuso. Iningi cishe, microprocessor umthengisi owaziwa owadala umsebenzi futhi balungiselela ekukhiqizweni amasampula chip - inkampani MCST. Uveza chips ngaphansi brand of "Elbrus" in ezahlukene zokuguqulwa.

Ake sicabangele lokho izici zinezikhathi eside futhi zonke izilimi asebenza ngenkuthalo eRussia.

Processor lekusasa: "iBaikal"

Ngo-June 2014, abezindaba Russian asakaze izindaba: Ministry of Trade and Industry ukusebenza oda sokuthuthukiswa microprocessors, ebekumele kamuva ukufakwa PC uthenge izidingo isimo. Sikhuluma chips ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo "iBaikal". Imaphi amaqiniso emangalisayo isici sale chip? Processor "iBaikal" waqala ukuthuthukisa inkampani 'iBaikal Electronics ". iphrojekthi uxhaso we Centre "T-Nano", okwadala corporation "T-Platform", iqhaza "Rosnano". Ngo umsebenzi wokugaya matasa njengoba insimbi-United Corporation. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kungase iphrojekthi zihileleke lemikhiqizo ezifana Depo Ezamakhompiyutha, «Aquarius" futhi Kraftway.

Kusolwa ukuthi wokugaya "iBaikal" izokwakhiwa ezinguqulweni eziningana. Eyokuqala kuyoba ngokusho kwezinye izincwadi, idatha, i-chip 8-core iBaikal M, M / S PC kanye amaseva. Bayobe ekhiqizwa esekelwe 28 nm ubuchwepheshe, kanye core Cortex A57, abasebenza-64-bit isisekelo. Ukusebenza "iBaikal" zonke izilimi kuyoba azungeze 2 GHz. Kulindeleke ukuthi i-chip kuyoba iyahambisana Linux. Kamuva izophinda ezikhishwe 16-core chip. Basuke ezakhiwe 16 nm ubuchwepheshe. Kunemibiko ukuthi processor Russian "iBaikal" in the lokuqala eyaphuma ngalo zizokwenziwa ngu TSMC Taiwan.

Brand "Elbrus": Amaqiniso Key

Okunye owaziwa kokubili eRussia nakwamanye amazwe sekhompiyutha brand - "Elbrus". Chips ngaphansi kwalesi brand sezivele ekhishwe izinhlobo eziningana. Kukhona processor ezimbili-core "Elbrus". Kukhona chips ne 4 noma ngisho 8 cores.

Kunobufakazi bokuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze PC batawakhela emakethe esekelwe lezi zonke izilimi. chips Manje ngokusekelwe "Elbrus" adalwe amakhompyutha ezisebenza amasampula ezihlukahlukene zokulungisa - izincwadi, candy nemishayo, ideskithophu, amaseva. Amakhasimende eyinhloko PC lapho processor Russian izofakwa, elaklanywa MCST okulindeleke ukuba ibe izakhiwo ukuzivikela. Futhi, kunethemba angafuna amabhizinisi ezinkulu. Chips "Elbrus" ingaqalisa ngaphansi main uhlelo lokusebenza for IBM-izakhiwo PC - Windows, i-Linux.

Ake sicabangele, njengoba izilimi "Elbrus" wadala.

Uhlelo "Elbrus": umlando

I-computer yokuqala oqala umlando sha, sidalwe ososayensi Soviet 70s. Agcina eseyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi Computing "Elbrus-1". Yayisekelwe uhlobo TTL chips futhi eziqukethwe isakhiwo izilimi 10 umthamo ingqikithi 15 megaflops. Ngokwezinga elithile lokhu kwaba umshini esiyingqayizivele: ngokukhethekile, isimiso ngokubulawa okucishe kufane nalokhu imiyalo seyenziwe kuwo. Ngokwemibiko ethile, izwe uye wazakhela lwekhompyutha olufana wayengekho lapho. RAM ivolumu "Elbrus-1" kwaba 64 MB - ezingaphezu kuka kahle.

Ukuze uthole esiyingqayizivele ikhompyutha Soviet waqala ukuthuthukisa siqu yesistimu yokusebenza yayo kanye ngabanye izilimi izinhlelo. Ngo-1985, kwaba khona eziyinkimbinkimbi "Elbrus-2" uyisibonelo ngcono imoto yokuqala. Wayelethwa zihlukaniswa olusha base izingxenye ku chips ezifana ECL. Sekukonke ukusebenza uhlelo processor khompyutha inesikhala engaphezu kwengu-125 megaflops. Umklamo we isimiso ikhompyutha module waqalwa. Inxanxathela "Elbrus-2" libhekene ezingeni lelisetulu ukusebenza nokuzinza wokusebenza. Kuyaziwa ukuthi yasetshenziswa ngesikhathi ukufaka ehlukahlukene yezempi. Ubude umkhakha Soviet ekhiqizwa 30 izakhiwo "Elbrus-2".

sibonelo "Elbrus-3" ikhompyutha wawenziwe ngo-1990. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi, ngenxa yesimo esinzima sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe, ngezimali msebenzi wayekwa. Nokho, kakade 1992, kwase kunesiqiniseko LLP "eMoscow le SPARC-ubuchwepheshe Centre", ngokushesha uqambe kabusha inkampani MCST. Le nkampani yaqala ukukhiqiza izinhlelo zezimboni, okuyinto zisekelwe ke ethandwa SPARC ubuchwepheshe adalwe Sun Microsystems.

Izixazululo ezesekelwe SPARC

Ukusebenza izixazululo esekelwe SPARC, MCST inkampani iye yasungula umkhiqizo ayo ngesimo microprocessor. Ezinguqulweni ezandulele bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo kwakwaziwa E2k. Imodeli lokuqala processor kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo, ngokuthi u-R150, wadedelwa ngo-2001. Inqubo ubuchwepheshe aphakanyisiwe ukusetshenziswa 350 nm ubuchwepheshe. Ngangisebenza processor Russian at a imvamisa 150 MHz at ngokukhiphayo komyalelo wokungabi 150 megaflops.

Ngo-2004, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa chip kakhulu namandla kakhulu - R500. Its imvamisa iwashi kwaba 500 MHz. He khiqiza njengengxenye amazinga zobuchwepheshe - 130 nm. Ngo-2007, inkampani ukhiphe processor ezimbili-core MCST R500S, ehlanganisa intuthuko emkhakheni we SPARC ubuchwepheshe. ukusebenza kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe 1 GFLOPS.

Kanyekanye ukuthuthukiswa chips esekelwe SPARC MCST inkampani wahlanganyela ukudalwa wokugaya, kusekelwe ngokuphelele ngokwakho onjiniyela yayo ukuthuthukiswa. Ngakho, ngo-2007, idaliwe wadlula ukuhlolwa isimo processor Russian "Elbrus". It yadalwa ngezinsuku ngokuhambisana standard 130 nm futhi eziqhutshwa at a imvamisa of 300 MHz. Processor kwaba ifakwe core olulodwa futhi eziqhutshwa ngesivinini 4.8 gigaflops. Lokhu chip, kanye nentuthuko kuye, aphawula ukuqala lonke umndeni chips, wakhulela e-tech, ukusebenza okuphezulu izixazululo. Ake sihlole kubo.

"Elbrus-S»

Chip kuqala serial kusuka MCST - processor "Elbrus-S» ezavela 2010. It yadalwa ngokuvumelana nendinganiso 90 NM. Lokhu chip ongasebenza at a imvamisa 500 MHz kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza komyalelo wokungabi 8 GFLOPS.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi ukusebenza esifanayo singabonakala ke ukukhombisa AMD Athlon 64 chip usebenza imvamisa ka 2.2 GHz.

"Elbrus-2S +"

Ngo-2011 kwabonakala sengathi ukuguqulwa elandelayo wokugaya - chip "Elbrus-2S +". It yadalwa ngokuhambisana nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu 90 NM, kodwa ukusebenza yayo lalilikhulu kakhulu kunalokho - gigaflops 28. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi izinkomba ezifana ukufinyelela chips ezifana Intel Core 2 Duo, futhi Intel Core I3. Kunobufakazi bokuthi izinto abazitholayo osekuzuziwe sibonga Onjiniyela ahambisana core processor 4 chips ezengeziwe. Le ngxenye lucwaningo kusiginali yedijithali ukucubungula. Nokho, i-esishunyekiwe processor elihambisana uhlobo njengoba abalwa MCST onjiniyela, ungachazwa abawasebenzisayo isisetshenziswa ukukhululwa inqubo. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza imifanekiso ezilandelayo "Elbrus" salandelwa izixazululo ehlukile.

"Elbrus-4C"

Ngo-2014 waqala ukukhiqizwa serial olandelayo sekhompiyutha wobuciko - ". Elbrus-4C" Lokhu chip wenziwe 65 nm ubuchwepheshe. enkabeni yalo (babo, ngokulandelana, 4) sokuqhuba imvamisa 800 MHz. Ngamunye wabo ifakwe 2 MB inkumbulo isilondolozi. Kungenzeka ukuba sifinyelele ukucutshungulwa ukusebenza gigaflops 50. Lena cishe iyafana, isibonelo, Intel Core i7-975 chip - 53 gigaflops. Amandla chip Russian - 45 Watts. Kulesi isici umsoco "Elbrus-4C" processor, njengoba ochwepheshe abaningi abakukholelwayo, ukonga ngaphezulu kuka ukuthuthukiswa American.

Chip nge 4 cores kusukela MCST - omunye enemisebenzi kakhulu. PC, laptops, amaseva, candy Amabha - Izinhlobo amakhompyutha lapho CPU kungenziwa isethwe. Empeleni, emgqeni tangcondvomshini, okuyinto kwenza MCST inkampani, kukhona imishini zonke ukucupha akhethiwe.

"Elbrus-8C"

Processor sha asuka MCST - has 8 cores "Elbrus-8C". Chip kusekelwe indinganiso 28 NM, okuyinto eyilethe ekuholeni sekhompiyutha imiklamo emhlabeni. Imemori inqolobane ezingeni lesibili chip cores "Elbrus-8C" - 4 MB, eyesithathu - 16 MB. Processor bangasebenza ezivamile ejwayelekile RAM uhlobo DDR3 1600. Ukusebenza kwe-chip, njengoba kulinganiswe izibalo of ngokunemba olulodwa - 250 gigaflops. Processor 4 has a isilawuli inkumbulo. Ukukala throughput ngoba interprocessor idatha exchange iziteshi - 16 GB / umzuzwana. Umklomelo-ukusebenza chip - 250 gigaflops. Njengoba sihlobana ukusebenza Russian analogue emhlabeni processor? Kungaphawulwa ukuthi i-chip kuyinto le Intel Core I7 4930K ukhiqiza gigaflops mayelana 130-140. Ikakhulukazi "Elbrus" zonke izilimi zakamuva motherboards entsha, kanye inguqulo ehlukile ye-OS. Futhi, mhlawumbe, bona ezothuthukiswa kukhompyutha chip multiprocessor based.

Kunobufakazi bokuthi by 2018 inkampani izokhipha izilimi ezifana MCST "Elbrus-16C". umklamo wabo umthamo - 1 teraflops. Futhi kulindeleke ukuthi inqubo chips kuyoba ngokohlelo lweSitatimende namazinga esingaphansi 28 NM.

amathemba chip

Njengoba izazi ezilinganisela ukuthi esikhishwe Russian brand zonke izilimi? Izibuyekezo kwabaningi IT-ongoti, kungashiwo, nomdlandla.

Kunezizathu eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, onjiniyela abaningi bayaziqhenya Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi processor sidaliwe eRussia, futhi ezimweni lapho isikhathi eside isimo somnotho kwaba ungakuvumeli ukuba ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo ye-IT-umkhakha zobuchwepheshe futhi high-ekupheleni ezifana ingxenye. Ngokuya ukusebenza ukuhlola izilimi futhi ngokuvamile omuhle.

Kukhona ezinye imibono kusukela ochwepheshe abasebenzelana amathemba ukumaketha for the chip. Ukuze abenze inzuzo, sidinga izimakethe ezinkulu, okuyinto elalihlala abaholi bezwe. Ukuze ukuncintisana nabo, ochwepheshe bathi, ngeke kube lula ukuhlukana.

Nokho, ngokuvumelana abanye abahlaziyi, le izilimi "Elbrus" lakheka ngokubizwa iphila okunye izixazululo kusukela Intel futhi AMD Russian Federation, ikakhulukazi mayelana izimpahla lempi, lapho onjiniyela ukubeka phambili izidingo elawula kunazo ku isici ukuthembeka zikagesi futhi ukuphepha ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Inkampani MCST, ochwepheshe bathi, okwazi ukuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwemithetho izilimi zawo ngokuvumelana nezimfuneko.

OS "Elbrus"

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ikakhulukazi izimiso zama-computer ye-MCST egijima kwi processor "Elbrus", ehlukile yesistimu yokusebenza yadalwa. Nokho, isisekelo salo kwaba Linux ikhenela version 2.6.33, ngaphansi ukucutshungulwa ezijulile ayisisekelo. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka ukugijima "Elbrus", libhekene eliphakeme zezokuvikela nokuzinza emsebenzini. Ngaphakathi dalo of Russian yesistimu yokusebenza ziye bahileleke ochwepheshe INEUM kubo. I. S. Bruka.