Kuyini EChernobyl "Doug"? incazelo

Kuyini EChernobyl "Doug?" Isebenza kanjani? Le mibuzo kanye neminye izophendulwa esihlokweni. Megapolis eChernobyl-2 Itholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye edolobheni elincane Chornobyl Polissya, kodwa kunoma iyiphi ibalazwe kwendawo akukho. Ukuhlaziya ibalazwe, ungathola indawo edolobheni umugqa oluneziqhingi emizileni ehlathini noma izimpawu amabhodi izingane, kodwa akukho ukubhekisela izakhiwo lobuchwepheshe noma ezisemadolobheni. ESoviet Union sakwazi ukufihla imfihlo, ikakhulukazi uma kwaba khona impi.

Duga

Wayekuphi EChernobyl "Doug?" kusukela kuphela yingozi yaseChernobyl nokuwa abantu baseSoviet wafunda mayelana nokuba khona isikaniso samabutho empi (idolobha elincane) emahlathini Polesie, okuyinto ezingelwa "ukuhlola umkhathi." Ekhulwini sokugcina yoma sidale esiyingqayizivele radar lempi izinhlelo ngawo kwakunokwenzeka ukubukela kwethulwa i missile InterContinental nge isitha umhlaba kungenzeka. It yasungulelwa igama radar umkhathizwe radar esiteshini (Duga).

EChernobyl "Arc" kwadingeka usayizi omkhulu ukuthola antenna kanye lezinsika zemikhumbi, kudingeka omkhulu Manpower izinqolobane - mayelana 1,000 amasosha eyenziwa kulesi saziso indawo. idolobha elincane yadalelwa ezempi kanye nemindeni yabo, nge emgwaqweni kuphela, kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda emgwaqweni Kurchatov ".

Isinqumo okwenza umkhathizwe radar uhlelo "inombolo Doug sika 1" (ngasemzini eChernobyl) kwavunyelwana ngesisekelo izinqumo uhulumeni kusukela ngo-1972, January 18, 1975, kwathi ngo-April 14.

Kakade 1976 kwaba ebaluleke kakhulu radar iyunithi likhuliswe Duga eChernobyl-2. umklami Lead Duga eChernobyl-2 kwaba eside emsakazweni SRI (NIIDAR). The main ugqozi kanye nemibono Umklami Duga kwaba Kuz'minskii Franz.

ukuhlolwa

Uhlolo lokuqala EChernobyl "Dougie" UMbuso Commission eliwenzile 1979. Abacwaningi baphawule ukuthi lapho elungiselela ukuhlolwa, kwadingeka ukuba baxazulule izinkinga eziningi lobuchwepheshe ukuthi kwavela ngenxa ukwethulwa ngokuphelele esiyingqayizivele, okuhlangenwe nakho okusha, engenakuqhathaniswa izimali global.

Phakathi ukuhlolwa zitholiwe ukuqalisa yenethiwekhi rocket nezikhali ezicitshwayo ballistic kusukela empumalanga US missile site, behlola Ukwanela kwezinto amamojula ngesisekelo ukuthola ukuqalisa ahlobene InterContinental US ezicitshwayo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo amaphutha design ezabonakala, ezazihlanganisa yokuntuleka izinga ukuthola bamatshe olulodwa nezigaba elincane imisebenzi. Eliphezulu Duga umsebenzi yafinyelelwa kuphela ezimweni imivimbo enamandla onke esitha imicibisholo evuthayo InterContinental kungenzeka.

Ngokusho isinqumo iziphathimandla 1982, ngo-May 30, yize kwasendaweni ezithile obusebenzayo, samukelwe ibe ukuthuthukiswa kwecala ngo-1982 I eChernobyl Duga.

Kulesi senzakalo, Abadali of the eziyinkimbinkimbi kwanikezelwa Amandla - Danilov B. M., Vasenev VN Krokunov Yu M., Dubrovskiy N. F., nabanye..

izinkinga

EChernobyl "Doug" - kungcono iyisikhungo emangalisayo. Ndawonye naye ezakhiwa izakhiwo ngaphezulu ezimbili ezifana emizini Komsomolsk-on-Amur kanye Nikolaev. Nge kokuqala ukusebenza kwe ukufaka nezinkinga ezengeziwe. Kwavela ukuthi ezinye amaza yokusebenza amadivayisi radar yahlanganiswa ne imikhumbi yokudoba amadivayisi kanye Civil Aviation kwemibuso yaseYurophu. EU.SSR incomeka officious kusuka emazweni asentshonalanga ukuthi izilungiselelo ezithinta ukuphepha ngoxhaxha emoyeni futhi inkampani lokuthumela.

USSR baya ukuyekethisa nokusetshenziswa wayeka amaza ezisebenza. Onjiniyela umsebenzi wayezimisele ukuqeda nemibi umsebenzi radar. Abaklami nososayensi siyixazululile, futhi ngo-1985, emva izinga, iyunithi waqala ukudlula Gospriomku.

ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi

abantu abaningi bebuza: EChernobyl "Doug" - iyini imbangela iklanywe ngale ndlela? Ngemva 1986 eChernobyl ingozi kwamehlela, Duga ikhishiwe ukusuka ukulwa namawashi futhi imishini mothballed. izakhamizi Yomphakathi nakwezempi asuswa kule ndawo ingcoliswe ngemisebe.

Lapho ibutho lezempi kanye nobuholi obuphethe Soviet bakuqaphela izinga izinhlekelele zemvelo, kwanqunywa (ngo-1987) ukuze ususe imishini ezibalulekile kanye nezinhlelo ku dolobha elikhulu Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

Ngokwesibonelo, indawo ezingavamile enikeza isikhala isihlangu yezwe Soviet uyekile ukusebenza, futhi lo muzi kanye nengqalasizinda yalo sekulibalekile futhi lishiywe linjalo.

iziteshi ukudalelwa

EChernobyl "Doug" - lokho ingabe kunjalo ngempela? "Doug" (5N32) - Soviet-umkhathizwe radar esiteshini ukuze kwakhiwe le kusenesikhathi ballistic missile InterContinental, lokho okwashiwo ngenhla. Kukhona iziteshi ezifana okungenani ezintathu:

• Kokulinganisa eziyinkimbinkimbi "Arc-N" Nikolaeva mayelana 47 ° 02'28 "E likh. w. 32 ° 11'57 "a. d. HG NW yakhelwe umklami abakhulu F. A. Kuzminskim. Kwakuthinta adiliza ngo-2000.
• EChernobyl zone "Arc № 1" (okusalungiswa eChernobyl-2) 51 ° 18'19 "E likh. w. 30 ° 03 "57" ukuze. d. HG NW futhi 51 ° 38 '15 ", p. w. 30 ° 42'10 "ukuze. d. HG NW. Ngemva sesimanje uvivinyo isimo kwehlulekile (iminyaka 1985-1986). Ngo-1986, ngo-April 26, kumisiwe ngenxa yingozi yaseChernobyl. Ingxenye imishini uthuthwa e Komsomolsk-on-Amur, lokho okwashiwo ngenhla.
• Edolobhaneni Big Cartel, eduze Komsomolsk-on-Amur 50 ° 53'34 "nge. w. 136 ° 50'12 "a. d. HG NW futhi 50 ° 23'07 "E likh. w. 137 ° 19'41 "a. d NW HG -. kuphela senzelwe isignali reception. isizinda Kudluliswa yafakwa emhlabeni Kuvaliwe Lian-2. Kususiwe ukulwa iwashi ngo-1989, ku-Novemba 14, ngenxa yezinguquko esimweni sezulu sembulunga yonke. Namuhla acekela.

design

Esikhathini isithombe EChernobyl "Doug" ubukeka kahle ngokumangalisayo. Kwaba into eyimfihlo ngokuphelele 1980, ethungatha ephezulu engamamitha izinto at ibanga 900 3000 km esifundeni circumpolar. Ngosizo cutting edge futhi enamandla ngesikhathi radar, amasosha ocime, ngomqondo ongokoqobo yegama elithi, ukubheka aqhelile.

Ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo, lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi yabizwa ngokuthi "Duga 1". It yadalwa yilabo abaklami onjiniyela: Pin Yefim Kuz'minskii Franz Etere Shustov, V. Shamshin V Vasiukov.

isakhiwo

Ngiyavuma, kuhle ezithakazelisayo ukufunda incazelo EChernobyl "Dougie." radar wakhe wasebenza ngawo imvamisa uhla 5-28 MHz.

On the eqondile imingcele yejeyomethri ka Duga kunzima ukukhuluma. Imininingwane izincwadi itholakale esidlangalaleni kwakungenangqondo futhi mhlawumbe angahleliwe. Antenna zenziwa isimiso ikhishiwe afanayo lukamakhalekhukhwini. Njengoba enjalo ebanzi Ibhendi yokuvama, omunye antenna angeke idlulela, wawuqeda wonke lo mqulu ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili, futhi antenna afanayo futhi atholakala ezimbili:

• High-imvamisa antenna EChernobyl "Arc" waba ubude 250 m no-100 m ukuphakama. On the amabalazwe nobude bawo 230 m.
• Low-imvamisa antenna Ukuphakama lezinsika zemikhumbi 135 kuya ku-150 m :., ubude - kusuka 300 kuya ku-500 m amamephu nobude bawo 460 m.

Ngalezi imingcele, umklamo iyabonakala kusukela cishe noma kuphi eChernobyl ukukhishwa endaweni. esiteshini Eduze wawusegunjini obliquely ionospheric-ukubuya "Circle," okuyinto asizayo Duga, futhi idala idatha zamanje ukudlula amaza omsakazo, yakwazi ukuqhubekela phambili phakathi kwabo, imvamisa ukukhetha ngezinga elilungile.

EChernobyl "Arc" radar okuhloswe kuphela amasignali. Broadcasting isikhungo laliseduze edolobhaneni Rassudovo 60 km kusuka eChernobyl-2 ngasedolobheni Ljubech (Chernihiv esifundeni). antenna Kudluliswa Futhi enziwa isimiso ikhishiwe afanayo antenna uphinde ube Ubukhulu ezincane: kwawo zazilingana 85 m B / h, ngokuvumelana E. Shevchenko, kwathiwa ziyoncibilika ngonyaka 1988 ..

Ukuvalwa Complete eChernobyl-2 ingqalasizinda muzi akazange asheshe kwenziwe: umsebenzi limiswe kuze 1987. Kodwa kungakabiphi kwaba sobala ukuthi izimo kuhlukaniswa akunakwenzeka usebenze zone. Duga Izingxenye eziyisisekelo yawa, isuswe.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Ukuphakama EChernobyl "Dougie 'uzolishaya ngamunye. Kule ndaba ifilimu ethi Russian Woodpecker yathathwa ngo- 2015, okuyinto the best documentary angaphandle ifilimu emkhosini "Sundance" waklonyeliswa amajaji grand.

Ukuze umsindo ejwayelekile e-ether (ikhiqizwa lapho engqongqoza), "Doug," waqala ukubiza Russian Woodpecker ( "Woodpecker Russian").

"Woodpecker Russian"

Ngakho, usuwazi ukuthi ukuphakama EChernobyl "Dougie" wawumkhulu. ukusakazwa Okokuqala kagesi kule nto waqala ngo-1976, 4th of July. Bona aphula ama-iplanethi kurediyo uhla MHz 3 kuya ku-30. Pulses basakaza ngezikhawu omunye kwabayishumi ngomzuzwana. ukubhaliswa esiginali kwenziwa imishini ekhethekile hhayi kuphela lapho liyezwakala a Transistor elula njengoba isixwayisi engqongqoza.

Emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke phezu "Woodpecker Russian" wanisa izinkulungwane izikhalazo ezivela abavamile yabaxhumanisi kanye nezinkampani. Njengoba "Arc" engqongqoza amaza ezazingaphansi kwawo ukuvikelwa izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze zitholwe umphakathi, US iziphathimandla, Canada, nase UK ziye zamemezela eSoviet Union wakhononda. Kodwa iSoviet Union bengalamukeli ngisho ukuthi, "Woodpecker" lase likhona.

Umhlaba Association of radio nayizimfundamakhwela ngisho wazama ukucindezela "Woodpecker Russian" ngokuzama ukusakaza spikes letingemadayimenshini okuphambene nobuningi efanayo ukuba USSR kwesithiyo lesiqophamithi Transistor. Kodwa, lo mzamo akuphumelelanga.

Ekuqashweni "Woodpecker Russian" abantu baqala ukucabanga ezahlukene. Ngakho, ngisho nezikhulu ezinezikhundla eziphezulu kuxoxa ngazo lokulawula izingqondo theory. Omunye ochwepheshe of eMnyango Wezokuvikela wathi ukuthi isiginali "lesiqophamithi Russian" ungumthombo enamandla kakhulu emisebeni kagesi ukuthi wake adalwe indoda. Wagomela ngokuthi lo mthombo wokushisa ingqondo, ngoba Watts 40 million futhi 10 pulses ngomzuzwana. Siyabahlonipha iqiniso lokuthi lokhu amandla Babechichima ezazivela eSoviet Union futhi ugcwele konke e-United States. Shtatovskih-Federal Communications Commission nophenyo kwenziwe 1988 futhi, ekugcineni, wathola injongo yangempela ye 'arc'.

cwaningo

Okunye akwenzayo kungase kubathinte kanjani umsebenzi "lesiqophamithi Russian" izinguquko sezulu ngemiphumela edabukisayo eyatholwa ukwazi kwabo ngentshiseko wafunda Western bezobunhloli, ehlaziya sina le "arc" test izikhali i-USSR. Lezi imibono eyayisinesikhathi abangu thombo thungela, njengoba isivele ihlaziye ezihlukahlukene nethonya elinamandla emisebeni magnetoelectric iminyaka eminingi.

Ngokwesibonelo, usosayensi Tesla ekhulwini ekuseni bazama kwentambo ukuthumela ugesi, ngenxa okuyinto amandla supply ukuthi iphazamiseke futhi namakhulu ukusha kwamahlathi ziye zenzeka ngenxa uma kuduma izulu. Ngo "Spekyula" idatha magazini inhlolovo zishicilelwe ukuthi bathola ukuthi ezinye amasignali imvamisa magneto angadluliselwa emhlabeni.

Engena phakathi ubuso bayo i-engela degrees 30, bengene shí ifomu umhlaba nokuma namagagasi akhiwa ngamaza esikhishwa core red-hot planethi. Ngenxa yalokhu zingavela iziphepho asemkhathini nokuzamazama komhlaba.

Ngokusho kwemibiko, le baseNorway baye basungula isiteshi somsakazo enamandla, emisebeni magnetoelectric engaholela ukuba asho into ionosphere nonlinear ukuthi zithikameze operation evamile ISIZINDA "Dougie."

Esinye isici wocwaningo uye into amasignali ukudluliswa ezithinta psyche womuntu.

umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama

Ukwakhiwa esiteshini eduze eChernobyl isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi uchazela amandla okuqukethwe kuye umxhwele. Idatha kusukela "eChernobyl-2" njalo wathuthukisa esiteshini umyalo, ngenkathi ukulwa komsebenzi into agcwele wake ahlale: Doorman asukume wasebenza ubusuku nemini. Kubandakanya ochwepheshe kanye nabacwaningi.

Kusayithi ngasekuqaleni 1990 umlilo kwenzeka, ngoba lokho base saphela umsebenti wayo ohlelweni ekuseni isixwayiso.

Imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlola ye esiteshini eChernobyl bebheke nemizila ishayela-enyakatho ayiphumelelanga. Ngenxa yokuba khona the CAPS polar, ngokugcizelela thuthuva ionospheric nezinye izimo ezingezinhle e ezindaweni ezibandayo futhi omisiwe ematfuba uzingela missile ukuqalisa lalilincane kakhulu. Kule ndaba, engeyokuqala "Ljubech-1" Buyela rework. On ke kwenziwa lo okuthiwa ethi awafike hlelo "polar". Onjiniyela bathi yokuqedela ukusebenza imiphumela yaba mihle.

By endleleni, ukusebenza ngekhompyutha inyunyana kwadingeka 1S31G cipher. Ikhompyutha K-340A ngoba kucutshungulwa isignali umkhiqizo izingxenye ezehlukene. imishini Transmission senzelwe umshini wokwakha isitshalo Dnipropetrovsk, futhi lalinabashumayeli iziteshi zomsakazo 26 ubukhulu ngayinye okwakuwuphawu endlini ezimbili storey.

ifilimu

Sishilo kakade ngenhla ukuthi senziwa mayelana EChernobyl "Doug" Doc. ifilimu. Ethusayo ifilimu "Woodpecker Russian" Sizokwenza uphenyo enye yale ngozi eChernobyl, owenzeka ngo-1986, ku-26 Apreli. umqondisi wayo kuyinto American Chad Gracia. I protagonist Umdwebo umculi Fedor Aleksandrovich, ukuhlaziya eSoviet uhlelo wobushiqela, ifakazela ukuthi lokhu ingozi ingazange ngephutha.

Ulwazi olubalulekile ku ifilimu okuningi - kahle, omunye okwaxoxwa nabo uthi ukuhlela yingozi yaseChernobyl ayengakwenza umuntu kusukela eziningi abasebenzi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.