Amachashazi Iziqhumani: idivayisi, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokunye umlando ekudalweni

amachashazi Iziqhumani zingasetshenziswa empini nokuzingela. Naphezu enqabelo ekhona uzisebenzise esikhathini sethu, futhi wenza bebodwa. Bangase babe idivayisi ehlukile, futhi ubukhulu isenzo, ngakho kufanele ubuyekeze ngokuningiliziwe.

Umlando zezibhamu kuqhume

Ngu amachashazi okuncane kusebenza ukwaziswa okungafani kakhulu nokusebenzisa izibhamu ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. imithombo Esemthethweni awasho lutho ukusetshenziswa kwabo, kodwa izincwadi memoir akufihli lokhu. Lezi cartridges bebelokhu enkonzweni nge zombili, kodwa izinto eziningi kungagcini. Aviation kwaba umthengi oyinhloko webhayisikobho ethile imikhiqizo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyabiza ezinjalo.

Izinhlobo izinhlamvu esetshenziswa akazange acabangele at esigabeni sokuqala empini. Ehlobo lika-1943 odokotela izinsalela izinhlamvu amanxeba ezingabazekayo atholakele. Imiphumela yocwaningo esadluliselwa ibutho. Njengoba ulwazi ukukhiqizwa cartridges kuqhume buthule, singaphetha ngokuthi bafika ngezibhamu.

Izinhlamvu ne Ekhala icala esetshenziswa ukulwa izindiza isitha ekhulwini XVIII futhi esenziwa sokulungiswa inhlamvu nge isihloko eyindilinga. Balloons ukunqotshwa edingekayo ukusetshenziswa more sensitive umthelela umklamo nge primer, ukulalela ingxenye phezulu, futhi kukho ukubhubha imishini eliqinile le ka cap yayo lalihlehliswa emgodini esisogwini phezulu umkhiqizo. Ngo-1916, nge okuncane icala ichashazi wangenela inkonzo British Army.

Isenzo amachashazi alufakwa

Nge sebuningini ezinjalo cartridges kuyinto amaphutha ezihlobene nazo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi kuyiqiniso, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi idivayisi kuyinto inhlamvu alufakwa. Zakhiwa capsule igobolondo, fuse koshayile alufakwa.

ichashazi ukunqotshwa kufinyelelwa ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi uqalisa inqwaba izinsalela. Uma ufaka umzimba, umuntu has a amathuba okusinda. Nokho, lezi Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe zivinjelwe ukuze isetshenziswe Manpower ukuhlambalaza kwesitha sayo, kodwa lokhu akusebenzi ezimweni lapho kuba umshikashika kanye izindiza nezimoto zempi.

igobolondo Iziqhumani athwala icala of kuqhume, okuyinto uma ukuxhumana isithiyo detonates. Lezi Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe ayilutho uma zibiza zokukhiqiza, kodwa ngempumelelo kakhulu. Ukuze isicelo ukulahlekelwa ezinkulu izimoto armored ungayisebenzisi amachashazi, ngoba ingakwazi ukuthwala icala eyanele yokwenza lokhu. Nakuba kunjalo ekahle ukuze zisetshenziswe emidlalweni yama air Okuqondiwe isitha. amachashazi Iziqhumani kuhluka design yabo, kodwa ezimweni eziningi ube isimiso esifanayo.

A ezihlukahlukene amachashazi alufakwa okuzingela

Ngokungalungile ngokuthi okuncane izinhlamvu nge inhlamvu elula wokulahlekelwa Front, okuyinto lapho adedelwa isithiyo ukudilika. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ngoba ukusonteka inhlamvu ngenxa amandla nomthelela. Kufanele kube ujwayelene tinhlobo letehlukene kubo, ukuze baqonde isihloko kabanzi.

ichashazi Mead

Iningi ubudala kungenziwa ngokuthi eqine ichashazi, okuyinto yasungulwa ngo Mead. It has an udonga lwangaphandle eyenziwe phambili kanye kwangaphakathi igobolondo eyindilinga eyenziwe ngethusi. Ngaphambili it has a imbobo angenalutho ne eshaywayo Ukwakheka, nangemuva - endlebeni umsila intambo. Ngenxa khona kwakhe inhlamvu hits imbewu target. Imikhiqizo ngaphandle umsila ingasetshenziswa imiphongolo rifled. sibonelo sabo kungaba amabhomu wezikhali, okuyinto ifakwe ntambo wokhela amagesi powder.

amachashazi Frangible ukuma isiyingi

amachashazi Round awufanelwe ukunakwa awo okwelapha ballistic. Isikhala ngaphakathi, senzelwe kuqhume, has nomqulu omncane futhi kube lula ngokubalulekile inhlamvu. ordnance okunjalo indlela zendiza, ilahlekelwa ijubane layo uma igijima ishesha kakhulu. umphumela ngalokwenetisako ngeke kutholakale ngemadlana encane sokuqanjwa alufakwa.

ichashazi side

amachashazi oblong yilezi neliphelele kunalelo. Banezinhliziyo obuphelele ingqikithi 26 mm. Kulokhu-ke ububanzi jikelele 14.9 mm, ubukhulu uyize - 5.5 mm nokujula yayo - 14 mm. 0.2 g powder Smoky is batheleka tube seshidi sensimbi, okuyinto ufakwa isiteshi cylindrical. On the front tube bephushelwa capsule, a ushona e inhlamvu. Ukuze sikuvikele echibini futhi uqede ukulahlekelwa kungenzeka, nomthofu ezigingqagingqa emaphethelweni inhlamvu. Lo mkhiqizo isetshenziswa izibhamu rifled eyenzelwe yokuzingela izilwane ezinkulu yingozi. Kubo, kungcono ukusebenzisa amachashazi alufakwa 12 osezingeni, ngakho abayeki umdlalo omkhulu.

ichashazi Iziqhumani Ushakov

ichashazi Iziqhumani Ushakov has a pin esikhundleni amashubhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, capsule ogibele phansi isiteshi cylindrical. Friction ophethe phambi pin ipulaki aphume phambili. Ukuze kuncishiswe uzwela, it is mfushane noma baphoqelele kusukela capsule. Ukusebenzisa lezi ezakhiwe bushelelezi-wazalela isibhamu, kufanele uhlinzeke indiza inhlamvu warhead phambili. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokukhumula ukubanjwa umsila emthini.

Ukusetshenziswa amachashazi alufakwa okuzingela

Ukuzingela izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zezibhamu esetshenziswayo ephumula amandla ukunemba ingacaci. Ngokusho ifomula Zhossera, ipharamitha lokuqala ilingana umkhiqizo esiphambanweni endaweni Sectional komkhiqizo ku yayo energy kinetic. Lokhu akuhlanganisi kudivayisi nezinhlamvu.

Uma ucabangela nesakhiwo nezimpawu zokuhlela amachashazi ukuze izibhamu zokuzingela, kuyafaneleka kokukhuluma amachashazi amabhomu "Jacques." Ukwandisa ephumula amandla, kodwa endabeni sokudubula sezihlahla hhayi ngokwanele evulekile. Kuze kube manje, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola.

Kuze kube muva nje, le cartridges nge okufanayo akuyona ahlinzekwa yabazingeli. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-"niche" khulula matasa "Duplex" cartridges, okuyinto baye baba eseyintsha ngabo emakethe yasekhaya. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani baye isikhathi eside yabonisa ohlangothini ezinhle.

amachashazi Iziqhumani kusukela "Duplex" umkhiqizi kuyoba owusizo lapho abazingela ezindaweni ukubonakala elinganiselwe ehlathini. Uma isilwane ivela engqondweni, ungakwazi ngokushesha ukudubula ukutholakala. Explosive projectile kubathene uyakwazi amaphiva, izingulube zasendle nebhere. Ukukhetha ukuhlala hunter, iyiphi kungcono ukukhetha cartridges. amachashazi Iziqhumani zizosebenza okuningi, kodwa abiza ngaphezulu.

amachashazi Iziqhumani ngoba airguns

abalandeli abaningi ngokudubula kusukela womoya isikhali yokuntuleka kucasula lokudayisa amachashazi nge impahla alufakwa. Ukuba khona kwabo alinikezi lutho kodwa isibhamu ezikhexisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangazama ukwenza amachashazi alufakwa ngezandla zakhe. Ngaphambi kokuba ukwethembe izindlela ezihlongozwayo, okuvame zingatholakala phezu izinkundla, kubalulekile ukucabanga kahle. In the ukungabikho isipiliyoni kanye nolwazi emkhakheni izinhlamvu akufanele kokuhlupheka. Lapho detonation inhlamvu ezenziwe ekhaya ngokuvamile kakhulu off umsila yabo. Ngakho-ke fly ngesivinini e umcibisholo.

Ngokuvamile zonke ezenziwe amachashazi alufakwa ngoba airguns 4.5, njengoba lokhu osezingeni elincane. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukwakhiwa Usululungele discontinuous amachashazi womoya aqukethe eziyingozi zamakhemikhali. Angabulala nxazonke. Ngaphambi kokwenza shot breaking ngezandla zabo, kufanele ucabange yokuthi umphumela shot kungadla nemiphumela eyinhlekelele.

ichashazi Iziqhumani "dum-dum"

Ingabe igama esethiwa lona ekwandiseni amachashazi. Ziyakwazi imikhiqizo ekhethekile, okuyinto ukwandisa ububanzi ngenxa isakhiwo sayo. Lokhu kwenzeka uma uthola ukuba izicubu womuntu elithambile, bese anda amandla ako ukubulala.

Nobubanzi ngokuthi inhlamvu nekhono ukwandisa ubukhulu ngalo ekuqaleni. Ngokuthatha isinyathelo kuqala hhayi kuphela umzimba kodwa futhi kwezinye izindawo esithambile. Kuze kube manje, amachashazi amabhomu "dum-dum" banqatshelwe ukuze isetshenziswe zempi. Noma kunjalo, kabanzi inqubo ngokuzingela ukuzivikela. Sebenzisa kubhekwa amachashazi engamukeleki nge wonke isitayela samasosha igobolondo.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside ngenxa namavolovolo elisetshenziswa amachashazi ezithambile lomthofu ngaphandle igobolondo nge osezingeni enkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka amachashazi alufakwa 12 osezingeni. Lapho injected imvelo ezithambile zikhula ububanzi. Ngakho, ababona nje obukwazi ukulimala abalulekile njengendlela isilo indoda. Eminyakeni yamuva, amasosha baqala ukuthutha phezu isibhamu nge osezingeni elincane.

Lezi cartridges kukhona kaningi hhayi ukubhekana ingcindezi kwakhiwa ongenantuthu neziqhumane ku izikhali emgqonyeni. Unalokhu engqondweni, abaklami waqala ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo, eyayintula igobolondo phezu core phambili. Wenziwe metal ezifana nethusi, steel, zethusi cupronickel. Lezi cartridges kukhona phezu emgqonyeni rifling nokwethenjelwa ngaphandle ungcolisa ke.

"Dum-dum" amachashazi eziqhumayo zivinjelwe ngoba ukusetshenziswa Hague Convention 1899. Lesi simemezelo sivunyelwe futhi sisayinwe amazwe nanhlanu. Eleven uthi babezithiba ukusayina. Esinye isizathu sokuba Ukwamukelwa isimemezelo kwaba yesintu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlamvu kwadingeka ngesivinini sendiza, yingakho kwehle ibanga yabo. Kulokhu, inhlamvu "dum-dum" obudinekile nge anemifantu ngaphakathi umgqomo, beshaya behola. Omunye ethile iyona ukusonteka of igobolondo ngesikhathi nokufakwa esitolo. Lokhu kuholela ukubambezeleka bedubula noma ukwehluleka okuphelele sikhali.

Ukusetshenziswa amachashazi eziqhumayo ngekhulu xxi

Kuze kube manje, lezi amachashazi kungukuthi elahlekile ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo, naphezu kokuvinjelwa ekhona ukusetshenziswa lempi. Balindeleke ukuba bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi, lunqume yintuthuko ephumula amandla nezinhlamvu. Akunandaba uhla labadubuli. Lesi simo osebenza izibhamu ukuzingela ngezibhamu. Ziyakwazi olufanele ngokulinganayo kuzo zombili izimpi futhi ukuzingela. Ikakhulukazi Seziyathandwa side amachashazi vozdushki discontinuous.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa basuke, ngoba ungashiyi umdlalo eyayilimele phakathi izilwane uzobe awusona isehluleki. A izinga efanayo wazenza nezidumile udweshu imisebenzi. Lokhu kuchazwe yi-high amandla kokusebenza, futhi okungenzeka eliphansi ukushaya ukopha target, okwenza kungabi nokwenzeka ziklabe abebedlula.