Izimbangela tsunami: izibonakaliso ukubukeka ingozi ka-tsunami

Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, inani lezinhlekelele zemvelo emhlabeni wonke liye landa ngokuphindwe kabili kunokwanda. Izingozi zemvelo kakhulu libhekisela-tsunami - omkhulu amagagasi anamandla.

Wena ucabanga ukuthi ulwazi olwanele ngayo? Ngemva kwalokho, zama ukuphendula le mibuzo elula:

• Ziyini izimbangela tsunami;
• Izimpawu, okungase ukunquma indlela yayo;
• Sitshele ukuthi yini wena okudingeka uyenze ukuze uhlushwa imiphumela amagagasi anamandla.

It akusebenzanga? Khona-ke, sicela ufunde lesi sihloko, kungenzeka, lolu lwazi ngelinye ilanga usindise ukuphila kwakho.

Kuyini i-tsunami?

Kuzoba-tsunami - izimbangela nemiphumela zalesi simo idinga ukwazi umphakathi wesimanje. elithi Akwaziwa esefikile kithi evela Japan akumangalisi ngoba yilona lizwe okungenzeka kakhulu ukuba bahlupheke ngenxa yokuthutheleka amagagasi anamandla. Tsunami Japan kuboniswa izinhlamvu ezimbili: 津 - «Gulf port, i-bay" futhi 波 - «wave». Ngakho-ke, e-kuhunyushwa leli gama lisho "igagasi ethekwini". Lokhu amagagasi amakhulu evela ku emajukujukwini olwandle futhi ngamandla amakhulu elimazayo uwela ogwini.

Tsunami izici ezithinta ingachazwa njenge zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Ababeyikhathalela ngokuyinhloko:

• hit amagagasi;
• airwave, ngaphambi izikhukhula;
• ingcindezi hydrodynamic;
• yesibili amelela:
• izikhukhula ephelele sezwe;
• ekushayweni umkhumbi ogwini;
• ukubhujiswa izakhiwo, imigwaqo, amabhuloho, izintambo zikagesi kanye nezinye izinto endleleni yakho ukuze amagagasi;
• ukufa nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo;
• nokwehliswa kwesithunzi inhlabathi, ukucekelwa phansi kwezitshalo wezolimo;
• imililo.

Lapho ezivamile lesi simanga?

Izimbangela tsunami zivame kakhulu ephathelene nomsebenzi umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Cishe isimangaliso esifanayo kuyabonakala ogwini Pacific. Lokhu kungenxa ngokuyinhloko okusezingeni eliphezulu geoactive umcengezi. Ngokuhamba kule nkulungwane yeminyaka lezi zindawo behlaselwa amagagasi anamandla izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-1000. Ngesikhathi esifanayo e-Indian kanye ne-Atlantic Ocean, lesi simanga laligujwa ezikhathini eziningana kancane.

Ensimini ka-Russia, ayingozi kakhulu ngokuya-tsunami, Umkhawulo wama-Kuril Islands futhi eKamchatka futhi Sakhalin Island.

Amapharamitha amagagasi anamandla

Uma ucabangela izimbangela tsunami, kufanele kuqala kunazo zonke inkulumo ngalokho nemingcele zinezikhathi amagagasi anjalo, njengoba lingalinganiswa. Njenganoma iyiphi enye igagasi, i-tsunami has a ubude, ukuphakama nesivinini ukunyakaza.

1. Wavelength ibizwa ngokuthi ibanga ovundlile phakathi iziqongo ezimbili (emikhulu) ngamagagasi eduze. Isilinganiso obuphelele-elinamandla wave kungenzeka kusuka 150 kuya ku-300 km.
2. Ukuphakama kuyinto ibanga phakathi Crest elilodwa wokuzuliswa kanye kuphela. Ngenhla maphakathi-tsunami, lesi sibalo kungaba mncane impela - kusuka 1 kuya ku 5 amamitha.
3. Speed - isivinini komugqa ukunyakaza yesici esithile, isib, ugema. Ngokuvamile, leli nani zokhahlamba kusuka 500 1000 km / h, okuzokwenza uyavuma, kakhulu.

Onke amadlambi izibalo-tsunami kuxhomeke nesenzakalo isikhala ukujula. Igagasi ezijulile okwaqala ngayo, siyoba sikhulu ubude balo ngenhla ijubane esiphelweni, kodwa ukuphakama incane nje. Ngokwesibonelo, ijubane esiphelweni tsunami elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, le zazo ukujula avareji imayelana 4 km, cishe elilingana 700-800 km / h. Lapho esondela ogwini wave esiphelweni Isivinini incipha ngokucijile kuze kufinyelele 80-100 km / h. Ngakho, i-umncane ukujula, omfushane nombono, kodwa ukwanda ukuphakama ukufinyelela ngokushesha ogwini. Kwezinye izimo kungase sifinyelele 45-50 amamitha.

umfutho

Ngaphambi sikhuluma ngalokho siyimbangela-tsunami, cabanga kwemigomo ukushuba lesi simanga. Yebo, i-tsunami-njengokuzamazama komhlaba, has a division, obonakaliswe amaphuzu. Sekukonke zikhona amazinga eziyisithupha futhi yilena elandelayo:

• 1 iphuzu - lomkhuba sivezwe kakhulu kabi, lokhu i-tsunami ibhaliswe kuphela kumadivayisi ekhethekile - tide gauge;
• 2 amaphuzu - impela wave ababuthakathaka ukuthi nje flat ungakwazi ukugcwalisa eligwini lelwandle ke kungabonakala nakulokho ku Ochwepheshe main;
• 3 amaphuzu - amandla isilinganiso i-tsunami, uqaphela kungaba ubani; It libhekene izikhukhula ogwini flat, umonakalo wamaphaphu izakhiwo ugu; futhi ogwini kungenziwa aphonswe izikebhe ukukhanya;
• 4 amaphuzu - ngempela inhlekelele eqinile; coast yizikhukhula ngokuphelele, futhi zonke izakhiwo ugu babe umonakalo eside; ephonswa yasogwini, ngakho wageza emuva ukukhanya motor izikebhe kanye sailboats kukhona mikhulu; ugu enezinto isihlabathi, daka imfucumfucu zezihlahla; nethuba imihlatshelo ngabantu;
• 5 amaphuzu - into enamandla kakhulu, ephelezelwa izisulu eziningi; Waterfront zonakala emakhulwini amaningi amamitha ogwini aphonswe imikhumbi emikhulu; emifuleni eseduze ukuchichima ezikhukhula eqinile okhuphuka;
• 6 amaphuzu - imiphumela eyinhlekelele; umhlaba yizikhukhula ngokuphelele ngezinyawo amakhilomitha amaningi phakathi nezwe, kukhona abalimala mass, kukhona kokubhubhisa oluphelele izindawo ezizungezile.

Kungani kukhona amagagasi anamandla?

Nanku umbuzo wokuthi kungani kukhona la magagasi esabekayo. Ukuze uqale uhlu izimbangela tsunami kafushane:

• kwenhlabathi;
• ukuzamazama komhlaba;
• mlilo;
• emkhathini bayawa;
• umsebenzi womuntu.

Isizathu esikhulu namagagasi killer kuyinto kuzamazama kwangaphansi kolwandle nge up abukhali noma phansi, ezingeni olwandle. Mayelana 85% azo zonke tsunami zenzeka ngenxa yalesi sizathu. Kodwa akuzona zonke komhlaba kwamanzi kuhambisana kwakuza igagasi elikhulu. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka uma isikhungo lingeliningi kakhulu.

Esinye isizathu siwukuthi le kwenhlabathi ngaphansi kolwandle. akhawunti Bona cishe 7-8% izakhi oxokozelayo. Lokhu imbangela isiphepho okhuphuka nama-tsunami, kunjengokungathi yesibili, njengoba kwenhlabathi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba.

Isizathu sesithathu - the kwamanzi nokuqhuma kwezintabamlilo. Namandla ngwenya nokuqhuma babe cishe umphumela efanayo ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba. Lokhu kuqhuma ngobukhulu futhi edume kunazo kwenzeka ngo-1883. Krakatau intabamlilo isibe imbangela-tsunami enkulu wabhubhisa imikhumbi engaphezu kuka-5,000 emhlabeni wonke, ebulala abantu ababalelwa 36.000.

Ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa amandla enuzi ifomu ngemuva ngoba ukuvela esinye imbangela magagasi asabekayo - izenzo zabantu. Abahlukahlukene ezijulile-ukuhlolwa, isibonelo, ukuqhuma yenuzi nazo wakwazi ukubangela into enjalo njengo-tsunami.

encane kakhulu, kodwa noma kunjalo iphesenti, futhi banikezwe imihlola emkhathini ezifana emkhathini iwe.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi magagasi asabekayo avame umphumela, hhayi kanye kodwa ezicini eziningana. Futhi kulokhu zingabantu elilimaza kakhulu. Lapha lezi zingase zibe ngezomuntu kwezimbangela eziyinhloko-tsunami.

imiphumela

Omunye imiphumela embi kakhulu nge-tsunami, Yiqiniso, lemihlatshelo yabantu. Ngisho umuntu wangcwatshwa ukuphila wave zabantu - kakade entabeni enkulu. Yini lapha ukukhuluma mayelana ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zezisulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, tsunami eyabangelwa salinisation nokwehliswa kwesithunzi izindawo ezinkulu ugu, kanye izikhukhula ephelele ezindaweni ezisogwini. Yonke imikhumbi eboshelwe eduze nogu, ashaywa noma ashiswa, futhi izakhiwo eziseduze kanye izakhiwo zingadilizwa emhlabathini.

Indlela ukuqaphela-tsunami esondela?

Izimbangela tsunami kucacile ucishe, kodwa kanjani ukuqaphela izimpawu bamemezela enkingeni?

Indlelanchubo yekusebentisa sokuqala ngqa yezinhlekelele zemvelo Uvame ukuzizwa izinyoni nezilwane ukuthi ayaqala ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo. IMisa "ukudlulisa" izilo ungase uqale njengoba amahora ambalwa noma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwale nhlekelele. Mhlawumbe, izinyoni nezilwane azizwe amagagasi amandla ethunyelwe Mother Earth. Empeleni, lesi silwane kuthinta emkhakheni kagesi kusukela komhlaba emkhathini liphuma ukusakaza ion icala emoyeni umkhawulo ukushaja ugesi. By endleleni, lokhu mkhuba akukhona izilwane kuphela uzizwe - kwabaningi okuthiwa abantu meteodependent iqala ikhanda babulawa.

Uma lihlala ogwini, ukumisa i-aquarium siqaphelisise abakhileyo kulo. Yilokho-Japanese, ngubani amashumi eminyaka ichaze indlela yomsebenzi ukuzamazama komhlaba ukuziphatha eyikati aquarium. Ilindele Ukundindizela lezi zinhlanzi liziphathe ethukile kakhulu, ezama ngokoqobo gxuma ungene aquarium.

Sula izimpawu yenchubomgomo-tsunami lingase libukeke kanje:

• amanzi ngokushesha futhi kungazelelwe isuka ogwini, kusale strip ebanzi isihlabathi;
• zikhona izimpawu komhlaba okuncane (noma enkulu) nakuba leli phuzu akuyona impoqo, njengoba yiyo eshayeka kanzima ngenxa komhlaba kungenzeka ikude phansi olwandle ogwini akuyona wazizwa nhlobo;
• wave ezinyakazayo kuhambisana imisindo efana omunye umshudo;
• ukushintsha ukuziphatha izilwane, izinyoni nezinhlanzi (bangakwazi indle ogwini).

Yini okufanele uyenze uma unomuzwa Uyaphawula esondela igagasi?

Uma uqaphela okubangelwa ukushonelwa okunjalo-tsunami, ukuzamazama komhlaba noma meteorite ukuwa owake wabona izimpawu ezicacile yokusondela kwaso, unganqikazi okwesikhathi sesibili. Letha izinto eziyigugu kakhulu futhi imibhalo, thatha izingane nezihlobo ezikhulile, futhi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuya ogwini maphakathi nezwe. Ukubhuka kusengaphambili nomkhaya umhlangano endaweni yakho uma kwenzeka ulahlekelwa omunye komunye.

Uma ungeke ukwazi ngokushesha ukushiya indawo eyingozi, funa ezinye izindlela ukuze umuntu asindiswe. Lokhu kungaba uhlobo oluthize amagquma yemvelo - entabeni noma igquma. Futhi efanelekayo dolobha okusezingeni eliphezulu isakhiwo, eyenziwe ngetshe noma ukhonkolo. Kungcono uma usazoba ingcosana kude ogwini.

Kudingeka kuthuthwe ngendlela enqamulelayo, ukugwema amandla ngamanzi osebeni lwemifula nemizimba ehlukahlukene amanzi - kwamabhuloho, amadamu, amadamu. Kungaba kubhekwe eziqhele okungenani 3-5 km kusuka ugu.

Zama ukuba sihlale sizolile - uvalo ukugxambukela kuphela. Okuvela kuyo i-tsunami ngokuvamile fixed amadivayisi bese uvula uhlelo isaziso. Ungalokothi indiva lezi imisindo ngisho noma abanye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi inhlabamkhosi eyiphutha.

Ungahlali ukubona tsunami cha sondelana ogwini ngaphakathi 3-4 amahora ngemva kokufika kokufika kwegagasi lokuqala. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-wave kuyaqabukela yinye nje kwaphela - owesibili nowesithathu singafika ngemva kwemizuzu engu-30 noma ngemva 3 amahora. Engakaphindeli, qiniseka ukuthi kwaba phezu.

Ukwazi le mithetho elula ungagcina ngempela ukuphila kwakho. Landela kubo noma nini waphawula izimpawu zokuqala esondela amagagasi anamandla. Akufanele ukushaye indiva imisindo inhlabamkhosi, ngisho noma wonke emhlabeni isimangalo sokuthi inhlabamkhosi eyiphutha.

isiphetho

Manje wazi kahle izimbangela tsunami nemiphumela yabo. Ngifisa ukuthi lokhu ulwazi kwasiza ngempela esimweni esinzima. Khumbula-tsunami - kuyinto kakhulu futhi fast esiyingozi ngokwedlulele inhlekelele yemvelo. Ulwazi izimbangela zalesi simo futhi imithetho eyisisekelo lokuziphatha olungaholela empeleni ukuphila kwakho.