Fortress Calamita e Inkerman, eCrimea: incazelo, umlando, amaqiniso athakazelisayo kanye nokubuyekeza

Bangaki izindawo zomlando ezisele emhlabeni jikelele? Ezinye zazo ukulondoloza izwe futhi wonke amabutho uzama ukugcina ifomu abo, kuyilapho abanye kwabhujiswa, futhi kubo kwakukhona amanxiwa kuphela. Lezi ukukhathazeka Calamita Fortress eCrimea, esemgwaqweni eduze nedolobhana Inkerman.

incazelo

Fortress elakhiwa ngo VI ekhulwini yisivikelo izitha lalinabashumayeli kwemibhoshongo eziyisithupha axhunyiwe nomunye by amakhethini, isb abanye izindawo, okuyinto lebhokisi zibuswa ezimbili. Zazakhiwe amatshe futhi isixazululo limestone, ukushuba odongeni kwaba imitha elilodwa futhi afika kwamane, futhi ukuphakama elingamamitha nambili. Calamita Fortress lalilikhulu kakhulu, endaweni yayo kwaba 1500 m ^2, futhi ubude - 234 metres.

Indawo le nqaba awuzange ekhethwe ithuba: kulolu hlangothi siphukile, kuza bay ngokujulile ezweni, lafinyelela ububanzi ikhilomitha elilodwa, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi imele le nqaba ngokwayo. Ngalezo zinsuku, bonke ukunyakaza ezenzeka emhlabeni inqaba zazibonakala.

Fortress Calamita e Sevastopol: umlando

Umlando imizi emhumeni eCrimea alwaziwa. Lokhu kusebenza futhi Calamita inqaba, elakhiwa ngekhulu VI, ngokusho kwabanye izifundo. On the amashadi, wafika nje emakhulwini XIV-XV. Ngasekuqaleni castle wazala amagama ezifana Gazaria noma Kalamira.

Kungenzeka, le nqaba eyakhelwe baseByzantium, kodwa lokho kuba futhi kuhlale kuyimfihlakalo. Kodwa kusukela ngekhulu xv, indaba kuyasebenza ngakho. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakukhona ama-ubukhulu of Theodoro, okuyinto ezingqubuzana amakoloni Genoese.

Ukuze ufinyelele kolwandle, Theodoret kwadingeka eduze noMfula Black ukwakha port yayo Avlita nokuvikelwa kabusha inqaba sezindela idwala.

Ngo-1475 amandla eCrimea kwavela abaseTurkey, ekuthumbeni kuhlanganise inqaba. Bashintsha igama kuyo Inkerman. I-Turks possessed nezibhamu kakade, futhi kwadingeka ukuba uzenze inqaba ngaphansi ukuthi insimbi. Bona ukushwaqa izindonga, kwamqinisa futhi wakha umbhoshongo, kanye bakha umbhoshongo elehlukile, ayephatha phezu umsele.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nqaba Calamita e Inkerman aqala ukuphelelwa inani layo ukuzivikela. It labhujiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa sekukaningi hit ngesikhathi Battle of Sevastopol.

Lamanje Calamita

Namuhla ungabona umbhoshongo wonakele izinsalela izindonga, esiphambanweni, esimelela kwisayithi ye esasiyisonto nangaphansi enqabeni - Isigodlo emhumeni. Lisho ukuthini igama Calamita, namanje abazi kahle. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhumusha kusuka ngolimi lwesiGreki - kuba "izimpawulo amahle", abanye elihunyushwe kusuka lesiGreki ngokuthi "umhlanga" ngoba endaweni embozwe nemihlanga izimila efanayo, kodwa kukhona ukutolika eziningana izwi.

Into yokuqala ukuthi kwenzeka endleleni - lokhu umbhoshongo esangweni, kulandele amamitha wakhe 12 kude Tower №2, kusukela oqala emseleni bemba emihumeni. Umbhoshongo yesithathu emincane. It kulimala, engaqondakali ngakho design wakhe, nakuba ngokuya ke lezo Ubukhulu: 12 * 13 m.

The best walondoloza umbhoshongo inombolo 4 okuyinto wakhishwa emgodini futhi empeleni ukwehlukanisa amandla Calamita, kusukela umsebenzi wenziwa barbican (ngamanye amazwi, wakhonza Ukuvikelwa njengoba ezengeziwe). Ekhulwini XVIII ejele kwaba lapha.

Ngaphezu kwemibhoshongo lapha ungabona futhi izinsalela ibandla lamaKristu, elakhiwa feodorites lapho ephethwe insimu, futhi kamuva wabhujiswa khona, kodwa kakho owaziyo. Ungabona emathuneni ezincane, okuyinto kungokwalabo XIX-XX eminyaka, kwasala i Obelisk okuqondene wangcwatshwa umakhenikha nokhonkolo itshe eliyinhloko iqhawe kweMpi Yezwe II.

emhumeni sezindela

I Izigodlo rock eziningi emihumeni, futhi omunye wabo ku VII-IX eminyaka Inkerman St Clement Monastery yokudumisa saint yadalwa, owashona ngo-Hersonissos.

Isigodlo has amasonto amathathu yayikhona kuze 1485, baze bafika amandla, abaseTurkey baphoqa izindela ukushiya esigodlweni sezindela.

emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva eziningana, e 1852, ke isivuliwe ngesikhathi ekufuna uMbhishobhi Innocent, kodwa sagcina sihlale isikhathi eside, kusukela neMpi YaseCrimea. Nokho, ngo-1867 yesigodlo lavuselelwa, kanye nokubuyiselwa amasonto eyakhelwe zintathu Isonto owawuse. Ngemva kwesikhashana, behlonipha uMbusi u-Alexander III ethempelini St Panteleimon lakhiwa, futhi ngo-1907 - Church of St Nicholas, okwakubekelwa abhidlizwa ngesikhathi sempi.

Lapho-USSR ziwile, izindela wabuya complex sezindela nokuqala nokubuyiselwa komhlaba wonke, futhi isonto St Panteleimon zase zimile.

Kanjani ukuze uthole enqabeni Calamita

Ngo eCrimea, Inkerman kuyinto isigodi esincane esisogwini eduze Sevastopol, engafinyelelwa ngemoto, isitimela, ibhasi isikebhe. Injabulo enkulu ye olwandle liyothatha uhambo ngesikebhe eduze Sevastopol bay.

Uma uya ngebhasi, indlela kufanele uqale kusukela Sevastopol ukuya stop "Vtormet" futhi ukugxila likaphethiloli, ukuqala ukunyukela yabo ethempelini.

Kulula yokufinyelela lapho uya khona ngemoto ku E umgwaqo 105 noma M 18. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eMfuleni Black kuyoba ithuba lokuqala bebheke Isigodlo esinqeni okuyinto inqaba, iyiphi ngizodabula Umhubhe, ngokusebenzisa emathuneni ubudala, okuyinto uhlezi phezu kombhoshongo esangweni .

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Calamita Fortress kuyingxenye Kherson Reserve. Lapho ngo-1968 eyenziwa ukubuyiselwa omunye kwemibhoshongo eziye zatholakala imidwebo ku-limestone amabhlogo, okuyinto imikhumbi ngemigwalo enemininingwane kakhulu ezaboniswa. Ososayensi babecabanga ukuthi lezi zibalo ezihlobana namakhulu eminyaka XIV-XV.

Lapho le nqaba Yakhiwa ncamashi, akekho owaziyo. Nokho, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukwakhiwa owaqala ekhulwini VI. I inqaba lamiswao isivikelo kuyo imizila yohwebo ekuhlaselweni.

Esikhathini inqaba xv kwekhulu lakhiwa kabusha ukuvikela nokuthuthukisa port Avlita. Ngemva kwesikhashana, endaweni yanqotshwa abaseTurkey, bakha inqaba ezintsha nezindala kabusha okwakuthandeka Kalamita. Lokho abaseTurkey sebejwayele yona izibhamu wawunika igama elisha Inkerman, okusho "emhumeni inqaba".

Izibuyekezo

Fortress Calamita, ngokuvumelana izivakashi - endaweni ethakazelisayo engase linomlando othakazelisayo. Kusukela kancane kwesokunxele wakhe, kodwa kule ndawo kuwufanele ukuvakashelwa kuyadingeka. Lona lapho ungakwazi uthinte umlando futhi ujabulele ukubukwa amahle ukuthi uvule edwaleni Izigodlo.

Umgede sezindela isebenza esikhathini sethu, futhi kungase futhi wavakashela. Yiqiniso, kumaseli ngeke akuvumele ubani, kodwa ukubona Isigodlo kanye nesonto kusukela ngaphandle uvunyelwe, ngesikhathi esifanayo ungakwazi ukuthenga Izigodlo imbiza zezinkambi.

Vakashela somlando kungaba eyakho noma zivakashele kuleli Calamita inqaba ukuhlola indaba yakhe ngokuningiliziwe. Zonke abake wavakashela kule ndawo, zajabula. Wonke umuntu kufanele avakashele castle, ubungumfazi e Sevastopol. Vakashela futhi kungaba ukuchitha yesigodlo, ngentengo yalo akuyona ruble ezingaphezu kuka-100. umuntu.