Ubuchwepheshe Environmental. Inkinga ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Umthelela yomuntu emvelweni

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi enye yezinkinga acute kakhulu banezinkinga isintu namuhla nokungcoliswa imvelo yethu. Le timu uthola resonance emphakathini yesayensi, xoxa, futhi abaningi abezindaba.

Kuze kube manje, wadala futhi iphethwe yi izinhlangano ezahlukene, ogama imisebenzi yenzelwa ekulweni zonke izimo zemvelo eziwohlokayo. Ososayensi okuzwakalisa inhlabamkhosi, isixwayiso esintwini mayelana yokusondela zezinhlekelele ezimbi kakhulu kwemvelo.

Futhi namhlanje, zethu imvelo ukungcola indaba ephathwayo ingenye okukhulunywa ngawo kakhulu. Nguye okwakubhekwe ukuthi isihloko izincwadi eziningi futhi amaphepha isayensi. Nokho, naphezu kwakho konke umzamo, umbuzo ubunjalo ukungcoliswa uhlala efanele futhi ezibalulekile. Bayihlehlise unomphela akudingekile. Imiphumela yezinhlekelele zemvelo ezingalindelekile futhi bangaba inhlekelele ethile kakhulu kule planethi yethu.

Umlando yokungcola

Inkinga kulondolozwe imvelo okuyinto ekujabulisayo isintu namuhla akuyona into entsha. Ngisho ngenkathi bakudala umphakathi abantu barbarously wabhubhisa amahlathi, wahlaba izilwane, zihlukahlukene landscape izindawo ukuze bathole izinsiza ezibalulekile futhi udale umhlabathi olimekayo. Kakade ngalezo zinsuku umsebenzi onjalo akugcini ngokuletha umuzwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kodwa futhi kwezinye izinhlobo izinkinga zemvelo.

Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni, futhi intuthuko impucuko kanye eziye zaba nzima kukhishwe amaminerali sokukhipha amanzi. Umthelela yomuntu kwi imvelo kwayibhebhethekisa intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe. It hhayi kuphela imakwe enkathini entsha senhlalo, kodwa futhi baletha igagasi elisha ezingcolisa zemvelo.

Njengoba isayensi nobuchwepheshe ukuthuthukiswa kwabantu ithole izandla zabo phezu amathuluzi ahlukahlukene usebenzisa okuyinto ungenza ukuhlolwa kanye nokuhlolwa olunembile isimo kwemvelo kule planethi yethu. Futhi ukubaluleka lolu daba kuqinisekisa imibiko sezulu okwethusayo, ukuqapha idatha sokuqanjwa amakhemikhali inhlabathi, amanzi nomoya, kanye nemifanekiso ye-satellite. Nomthelela omubi imvelo abe noshimula ukubhema izimboni kanye uwoyela ochithekile kwakheka kwi kwamanzi. Ekunwetshweni inkinga technosphere ekubulungeni ngemvelo kuyinto ngokushesha siya siba sibi kakhulu. Shono enkulu kwemvelo kule planethi yethu ibizwa kakhulu ukubukeka komuntu.

imithombo yokungcola

Ukuqinisekisa ikhono siphile umuntu baphoqeleke ukuba basebenze amahora. He khiqiza amanzi ukuze kudle kuyo ukudla kusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni. Kudingekile ukuba abantu baphile kuwo nokudla. Futhi kudingeka sikhule, ukukhiqiza kanye nenqubo. Injongo zonke ezinye izinhlobo umsebenzi omuntu lwakhiwa ekuxazululeni izidingo zazo zansuku zonke e izingubo nendawo yokuhlala. Lokhu kwenziwa isizinda nokucutshungulwa amaminerali kanye nemithombo yemvelo, eyenziwa yokuhamba nokuthunyelwa, amandla ikhiqizwa.

Le ndoda njalo elwa hhayi kuphela empilweni kodwa futhi ngcono ikhwalithi yawo. It ikhulisa isikhala yayo, ehola impi yinhlekelele, ukuhlola Uma uwubuka usemkhathini, ukuthi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuhlela isayensi nokunye. D.

Zonke izinhlobo ngenhla yizenzo zabantu - lena lutho, njengoba imithombo eyinhloko ukungcola kule planethi yethu. Ngemva yi yabo ukuvela imfucuza ekhaya nasezimbonini.

Imithombo ukungcolisa imvelo ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka izindawo ezifanele ukukhiqizwa. I esiyingozi kakhulu kuyiplanethi yethu isizinda uwoyela negesi, amakhemikhali umkhakha, yokusansimbi, amandla, ezokulima kanye nezokungcebeleka ngokuthi ezokuthutha. Khona sizakuthi isizukulwana imfucuza akuyona kuphela ekupheleni umjikelezo ukukhiqiza. Izinto ezingase nilingcolise iplanethi, futhi kukhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuchitha futhi beba eyingozi imvelo. Ngezinye isitoreji zabo ezingafanele, ukulahlwa, futhi ukungabi khona ukwelashwa, baba umthombo kwekhabhoni elimazayo.

Kuhlola isimo kwemvelo

Namuhla, isintu uhlose ukusebenzisa ipumelelo intuthuko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe e ikhambi izinkinga zemvelo. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa nokwenza ngcono imithombo-ukonga kanye imvelo yokukhiqiza izinqubo, ukudalwa ukukhiqizwa udoti futhi bekholelwa kulokho amanzi kwegazi izinhlelo. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu kuthatha wokuhlola kwemvelo. Kuba kunokwenzeka ngesisekelo idatha etholwe zokulawula of emkhathini yingozi izakhi womuntu kwezemvelo kanye isimo izinto zemvelo. Injongo eyinhloko kuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka ekuhlonzweni izinguquko ezimbi.

Imininingwane simiso nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokuhlaziywa alandelayo amazinga ukungcola kanye nemiphumela kubangelwa lezi izinqubo uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; ibizwa zokuqapha. Le nqubo inezigaba ezintathu:

- umshado;
- isimo nokuhlola;
- Isibikezelo Cishe izinguquko.

Ukuze ukuqapha kwemvelo wenziwa zokuqapha njalo kwemithombo yemvelo kanye nemvelo, yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Kulokhu, idatha asivumela ukunquma isimo sabo, kanye izinqubo ezenzeka ngoba umuntu wenziwa nomthelela wendawo ezungezile kubantu.

Ngenxa yalokho, laba bacwaningi olwenziwa ukuqapha kwemvelo ihlinzeka ukuhlolwa njalo nemibandela kuyo indoda izimpilo kanye ahlukahlukene izinto yemvelo (izilwane, izitshalo, angenziwa nokunye. D.). Ezimisele kule ukuhlaziywa kanye ukubaluleka obusebenzayo sezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kukhona noma iyiphi inkinga of ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, le kwemvelo zinqunywa labo izenzo zokulungisa ukuthi kumele kwenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe isimo nemvelo.

Noma kunjalo, ingxenye eyinhloko zokuqapha ukuhlola isimo imvelo. Ukuze ubone ukuthi izici ezikhethiwe kanye nezinkomba yemvelo lezinto futhi ukukhomba ushintsho zabo ngokushesha. Idatha etholwe kusivumela ukuphendula umbuzo "Kuyini isimo imvelo?".

Izinhlobo izinyathelo kwemvelo

Yiziphi izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo? Okokuqala, basuke ebiyelwe ekufezeni imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kwemvelo. Kulesi mqondo, okuyinto igama esifushanisiwe ka POM, kuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi womuntu ahlukahlukene, okuyinto okuhloswe ngalo ukuqeda kanye nokunciphisa umthelela omubi kwezemvelo. Ngaphansi zivumelwano, futhi baqonde nokongiwa, kanye ngcono umtfombolusito-base yezwe. Ngesikhathi izinhlobo efanayo ubuchwepheshe kwemvelo kukhona lokhu okulandelayo:

- ukwakhiwa kanye nokusebenza detoxifying nokwelashwa izindawo;
- ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza kanye nokukhiqiza-non-imfucuza kanye ongaphakeme-imfucuza izinqubo;
- nokubekwa traffic futhi amabhizinisi, kucatshangelwe noma yiziphi izidingo kwemvelo;
- ekulweni ukuguguleka komhlabathi;
- umhlaba sokufunwa;
- ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo imithombo ehlukahlukene amaminerali kanye nokuvikelwa kwemithombo yemvelo nokuningi.

Injongo izinyathelo kwemvelo Ukuvikelwa

Indlela sihlanganise ezifana imiqondo ehlukene njengoba "ukukhiqizwa" futhi "indawo"? ubuchwepheshe Environmental - lona ukhiye eziyinhloko abasafufusa eplanethini yethu nezinkinga zemvelo.

Ukusebenzisa kwabo kuhloswe ukuqinisekisa:

- ukuhambisana nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho athuthukile isimo imvelo, okuyizinto izithakazelo nempilo yabantu kanye acabangele izinguquko zesikhathi eside okubangelwa ukushintsha lokubala ubuningi babantu kanye intuthuko kwimikhakha ukukhiqizwa;
- ukuthola umphumela kwezomnotho esiphezulu ekusetshenzisweni kangcono izidubedube nokonga.

Ukuvikelwa umkhathi

Cabanga ngezindlela eziyisisekelo ukuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo, okuyinto Senziwe ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe imvelo.

amabhizinisi Industrial, ukuthuthukisa izinyathelo sokuvikelwa ebangelwa umkhathi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kunqunywa:

- imithombo ekushayweni izinto eziyingozi;
- ubukhulu kanye nokwakheka kwekhabhoni;
- ukungcoliswa komoya amazinga e enobungozi izindawo ukushabalalisa izakhi;
- MPE kwekhabhoni eziyingozi emkhathini.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kumele kuthathwe noma isixazululo zobuchwepheshe ukunciphisa imiphumela elimazayo ku emkhathini nge kwencazelo lemali edingekile of igesi-yokuhlanza kanye imishini uthuli iqoqo.

Ukuhlanzwa amanzi angcolile

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kwemvelo, futhi lokhu kuthinta ihogela ukukhiqizwa yezimboni. Wastewater amabhizinisi kumele ziphathwe izinto ezikhethekile. Kuphela kuleli cala ukubhujiswa noma ukususwa salezi zici eziyingozi ukuthi akumelwe siwele imizimba amanzi ngokuhambisana namazinga zomthetho ezisebenzayo.

Kukhona izindlela ezimbili yokuhlanza ezinjalo - abhubhisayo futhi okuzivuselela. Eyokuqala yalezi imithi enobungozi eziqukethwe zokugcina umsebenzi umjikelezo wamanzi ayafa nge izindlela ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali noma physico-chemical (ukunciphisa, namachibi, njll). Lokhu kuphumela imikhiqizo nokucekelwa okuyinto ziyasuswa eseyimvula noma umoya.

Lapho inqubo ukuvuselelwa ketshezi imfucuza wabuyela umjikelezo zokukhiqiza, isetshenziswa kwenye ukukhiqizwa noma bancishwa izingxenye elise therein. Okufanayo ubuchwepheshe kwemvelo isehlane njengoba izinjongo zawo ingcoliswe amanzi, wachitha fuel noma amafutha, polyblends ahlukahlukene.

Ukuchithwa kokungcola kuyalawulwa

Inkinga ukungcola ixazululwe ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kwemvelo maqondana nokuqoqwa, ukubhujiswa nokuchithwa nezinhlobo ezahlukene izakhi ezingadingekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo imfucuza iphathwa akuyona kuphela ukukhiqizwa yezimboni kodwa futhi yasekhaya okuqinile. Inkinga ikakhulukazi acute ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni izikhungo yezimboni.

Yiziphi ubuchwepheshe kwemvelo ukuxazulula inkinga? Lezi zihlanganisa:

- ukunciphisa ivolumu kwemfucuza;
- kabusha ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo iyasetshenziswa ukubunjwa kukadoti;
- ukushiswa imfucuza enobungozi;
- nokubekwa kukadoti e landfills ekhethekile, lapho iyolondeka khona isitoreji yesikhathi eside (uma khona ukubunjwa yabo imithi enobungozi).

ongaphakeme-imfucuza ubuchwepheshe

Namuhla, amasu uzuza ngokushesha inqubo ngcono. Umkhakha ukhiqiza lenqwaba izindlela iyinkimbinkimbi futhi imishini, ehlanganisa ezihlukahlukene izinto. uhlu Bahlanganisa izinsimbi ayoni futhi non-ayoni, ipulangwe, ipulasitiki, ingilazi, injoloba kanye inhlanganisela. Kulokhu, impilo imishini uzimisele ukuwohloka kwakhe ngokomzimba. Masinyane lo dade wavula kakhulu zibuye ziphelelwe isikhathi. Yingakho abaningi ngobuchwepheshe imikhiqizo umsindo nezinto zokwakha isezingeni yokulahla. Nokho, le nto ebomvu ngempela ewusizo uma udala tindlela letinsha. Futhi lapha ukuthola indawo ubuchwepheshe kwemvelo ezifana ukudalwa cyclical impahla notshwala.

Isiqondiso ethembisa kulokhu sandise ukukhiqiza usebenzisa non-imfucuza ubuchwepheshe. Kulesi ndlela womshini imikhiqizo uthole isicelo sabo ubuchwepheshe kwemvelo kanye energy esisindisa. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba silondoloze ukusebenza evamile imvelo ngokuqondene kube nomthelela othize ekuhanjisweni wakhe.

Inani elikhulu ekukhiqizeni yesimanje ejects ingxenye imfucuza yabo emoyeni futhi emanzini. Nokho, ukuthi uya emkhathini, kukhona esibalulekile ejenti kwezomnotho. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kwemvelo, ungagqamisa into efiselekayo. Le phrojekthi wokuvelela kunazo, esizokwenza ukuxazulula le nkinga - ukusetshenziswa ukukhiqizwa udoti njengoba ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kuzokwehlisa kakhulu inani kwekhabhoni ketshezi, okuqinile futhi gaseous futhi effluents.

Lemvelo naMandla

Isimo obalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe ubuchwepheshe kwemvelo kule planethi yethu abasesikhundleni sokuphatha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amabhizinisi lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi ingenye Into enkulu umphumela ongemuhle emvelweni.

Isiteji kukaphethiloli namandla eyinkimbinkimbi babizwa ebiyelwe:

- Ukukhiqizwa, ukucubungula kokuthutha uphethiloli;
- ukukhiqizwa energy ngesimo ugesi nokushisa;
- zokuthutha nokucutshungulwa imfucuza kanye nokulahlwa yabo.

Kuzo zonke izinyathelo olungenhla lonke inqubo uchungechunge izinqubo sixhumene. Futhi kunemtselela kuNingizimu ubunjalo ngalinye kulawa amayunithi. Ngakho, i-air kwekhabhoni umxhwele akhiqizwa ezimayini ezinkulu zamalahle. Uma lokhu simakhiwe emkhathini carbon dioxide nothuli, nitrogen oxides ubuthi. Konke lokhu izinto zibangelwa ukuqhumisa nezimoto kwemisebenti.

nomthelela omubi kwezemvelo kanye has imisebenzi TPP. Ukuze ukushisa kubo ashisiwe igesi nophethiloli uwoyela, amalahle kanye Peat, kanye nodoti izinkuni. Ngakho emkhathini ezinobuthi futhi ayingozi.

Yiziphi ubuchwepheshe kwemvelo esetshenziswa kule eziyinkimbinkimbi? imiphumela eyingozi emvelweni kwehle ngo:

- setha ukuthi uhlanzekile izinhlelo;
- nokwenza izinqubo kuzo zonke izigaba ugesi nokushisa;
- ngokuzikhethela i-fuel organic;
- wokuhlanza amagesi qeda;
- ekushayweni imithi enobungozi emkhathini namanzi.

Thuthukisa kwegezi ukuphepha kwemvelo eyinkimbinkimbi kungenzeka kuphela ukwamukelwa of izinyathelo kuzo zonke izigaba ezintathu umsebenzi wakhe.

isiphetho

Emlandweni we uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; ubelokhu eziningi seziyaluyalu. Sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwengu eziyizinkulungwane ezine, yena acime imiphumela emibi okwenzeka ngesikhathi kuqhuma ngokuwa enamandla mlilo emkhathini elikhulu, njalo njalo. D. Biosphere ephethwe ukushintsha amazinga ukusimama iqhwa-mahhala futhi oledenevshey Earth, ukuwohloka futhi Ukuhlanganiswa amazwekazi, njll Ngesikhathi esifanayo njalo iphutha ekulinganiseni imvelo, elalihlala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo nokwamukeleka ukuphila.

Kungenzeka ukuthi esikhathini esidlule, abanye baye yokulinyazwa bemvelo abachithi, okuyinto nje unqunywe. Kulesi eziphilayo aziphindanga zavela. Namuhla, le mithetho yemvelo bangayiqonda umuntu. Uma uzoqhubeka ukukholelwa ukuthi iplanethi kudlala indima evelele, ke kuyoqinisa kusondela enhlekeleleni yezinto eziphilayo, futhi inganyamalala njengoba zinhlobo-ngumbhubhisi. Nokho, lokhu kungagwenywa uma ukulinganisela umsebenzi umphakathi wesintu ngokuvumelana nomqondo uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli yentuthuko, sithembele imithetho owaziwa yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali, i-physics kanye biology.