Imikhumbi lushone e Sea: ukubuyekeza yomlando futhi ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Umlando lwemikhumbi lushone e Sea omkhulu kangangokuthi zencazelo wako nenembile okwamanje akekho wathatha. Isizathu siwukuthi ngisho ukwazi inani lemikhumbi uhlala uhlezi phansi kwalo. Futhi abale kubo ayikho indlela. izinkinga Technical, ukujula nokuba yinkimbinkimbi nezinye kuze kufike kwesikhathi isixazululekile, futhi ngokuqinisekile ziyoxazululwa esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa isikhathi ngokwawo isithiyo esingenakunqotshwa, ukufihla imikhumbi ezijulile odakeni noma ngokuphelele ekubhubhiseni nge nokugqwala nokubuna izinqubo.

I izimbangela zokufa umkhumbi

kudala emanzini afudumele yoLwandle Olumnyama kwaba imikhumbi. On the amatilosi lokuqala, sifunda ezinganekwaneni eGrisi lasendulo. Ukuzama ukuba sihlale siseduze ogwini, kawayaphulanga ngokumelene emadwaleni lapho kuneziphepho nesimo esibi sezulu. Futhi wafinyelela osogwini olusenyakatho yethu. amphorae oMdala iwayini, nempepho amafutha, okuyinto abacwaningi bethu ulwandle luqala ukujula kakhulu, ukukhuluma ngakho.

A ezihlukahlukene imikhumbi yafa ngesikhathi nomkhankaso wempi, obonile amanzi ngokweqile. sailboats Ngokhuni nemikhumbi yesimanje, ngikutholile umgodi, waya ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile, kanye nethimba lakhe. Black phansi - ithuna elikhulu mass, okuyinto liqhubeka lenyuka kuwo wonke umlando ababehamba olwandle.

Kodwa, eyaziwa nezinye izimbangela zokufa lwemikhumbi lushone e oLwandle Olumnyama. Nazi amaqiniso ambalwa bodokotela.

Izikhukhula imikhumbi olwandle Tsemess

Budebuduze port Novorossiysk ngo-June 1918 ngomyalo amatilosi Vladimira Ilicha Lenina Soviet scuttled imikhumbi. I Black Sea Fleet alisho ukuthi lesi sivumelwano siyalandelwa Brest-Litovsk, kodwa ngenxa yezimo Kwakudingeka ukukhipha ohlangothini German e Sevastopol. Ubuholi Soviet, futhi baphoqelelwa ukuba bamukele lesi simo, kanye nezinye izidingo, wathumela ku Novorossiysk, lapho imikhumbi, oda ezimbili. I-oda olusemthethweni efunwa ngabakwa uCaptain 1st Rank Tikhmenev ukuthatha imikhumbi Sevastopol, futhi uthumele ukuba abamele eJalimane, umyalelo imfihlo - ukugcwalisa eduze Novorossiysk yabo.

Umlawuli, ngemva kwezingxoxo ezinde futhi kunzima, oda ezimbili imikhumbi ukuba babe ngamalunga ekomiti wanquma afeze version esemthethweni. Kodwa akubona bonke belalela imiyalo yakhe, futhi 16 yempi, kuhlanganise yempi "Khulula Russia", ayehlala kuyo yayigcwele amanzi. Nge ephakanyiswe isignali amafulegi "Afe, kodwa ungadikibali" imikhumbi waya ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Isiphetho imikhumbi nabantu ngemva izikhukhula

Gone e Sevastopol imikhumbi wahlala enkonzweni eJalimane kuze ukunqotshwa yayo, bese sahamba phakathi isigaba Russian. Tikhmenev ayelwa egibele ohlangothini Abamhlophe, futhi waqondisa esikhukhulayo KwamaBolshevik Raskolnikov Kukel futhi Glebov-Avilov matasa izikhundla ezivelele esikhathini esizayo e-USSR, kodwa 30s ngasekupheleni abangu becindezela.

Isiphetho imikhumbi lushone e Sea omuhle. emva izenzakalo Bay Tsemess kweminyaka emibili yaqala ukululama kancane kancane, ukuvuselelwa kanye ukusebenza eminye. Ezansi kwakukhona imikhumbi emibili kuphela: "Khulula Russia" futhi "Loud".

Isikhumbuzo ematilosini-namaqhawe okudweba nombhalo othi: "Afe, kodwa ungadikibali!" Ingabe isethelwe Sukhumi Highway. On a omkhulu itshe egwadle ubala amagama yonke imikhumbi lushone nge izixhumanisi esiqondile nendawo yokuhlala yesikhashana (noma unomphela) yabo. Kodwa ngaleyo minyaka engaba ikhulu, izazi-mlando nezingqapheli amatilosi siqhubeke phikisana kwaba kanjani kudingekile ukwenza ngonyaka ezikude yokutakula Black Sea Fleet.

Ukufa "Admiral Nakhimov"

Agasti 31, 1986 indaba mayelana ukufa umgibeli mkhumbi omkhulu "Admiral Nakhimov" iye yabangela ukushaqeka nokungabi namandla yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba phambi nesitatimende izizathu ngozi, "into abantu". Qhathanisa lesi senzakalo ne ukufa ngo-1912 we "Titanic" kusukela ukungqubuzana yeqhwa ayenelungelo lokuqhubeka khona kuphela ngoba ku umkhumbi wethu abulawa kakhulu, eziningi abantu: 423 ka 1243 (uma kuqhathaniswa "Titanic" Baningi kakhulu abantu ababulawa 1496). Kodwa saba kolwandle efudumele, futhi zazingekho izincwadi zeqhwa. Kwakukhona izixazululo ezimbili kuphela izinduna umfundzi umsiti munye.

"Admiral Nakhimov" (cruise umkhumbi) kokushiya kusukela Novorossiysk ukuba Sochi ebusuku. Isimo sezulu esihle, kolwandle sibuyela kwesijwayelekile, abagibeli ukuba nezivakashi futhi wahlela ukuba baphumule. UCaptain Markov, indoda abanolwazi enkulu, buthule yamkhiphela ngaphandle umkhumbi wakhe aphume bay. Lo mkhumbi kuphela elafika port ngalesi sikhathi, kwaba "UPetru Vasev" emkhunjini wezimpahla noKaputeyini Tkachenko uyaphi. Wathi ukweqa "Admiral Nakhimov" esangweni ethekwini kuqala. Ngezinye 23-00, ngalesi iqhinga, uCaptain Markov, bephumelele iwashi ukuze umsizi wakhe Chudnovsky, kokushiya gumbi.

Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka uphenyo, okuyinto kwenziwa ngumuntu ikhomishana kuhulumeni, futhi kuningi okusadingeka okungacaci ngoba abavamile, engaqaliwe e izimfihlo izakhamuzi. Kungani catastrophically esondela ikhanda on induna ngakubili imikhumbi, ekubona ku-radar kanye ne mathupha, akenzanga lutho ukuze ulondoloze isimo. Abaqaphi kuwo womabili imikhumbi bakutshengise ukuba indlela le ngozi, thina ukucacisa ngubani abaphuthelwe, kodwa kwenzeka okuthile okwenzeka.

Amabili sondo elikhulu wabhekana, naphezu kwemizamo amashushu ukushintsha okuthile emaminithini. "Admiral Nakhimov" emizuzwini engu-8 oshiywe phansi, kanye abagibeli babo, zahlangana imikhumbi lushone e oLwandle Olumnyama.

"UPetru Vaseva" ithimba kanye port engenayo le mikhumbi usizo wahola emsebenzini wokutakula. Umsizi Chudnovsky waya gumbi sakhe futhi wahlala esemkhunjini befa. Bobabili izinduna lokusinda wazama, bagwetshelwa iminyaka engu-15.

Wempi "Liman"

Kunzima ukuchaza umlando kwethuba lokuba kwenzeke inhlekelele akugcini lapho. Muva nje ngo-Ephreli 28, 2017, umhlaba yamila imibiko eminingi ukuthi sasisibi Sea Russian wempi ishayisane umkhumbi-Imfuyo Yozasif-H, omasha ngaphansi ifulege Togo. Zonke izisebenzi atakulwa bayiswa eRussia, futhi umkhumbi "Liman" owawumi ngasogwini Turkish at a 80 amamitha ukujula.

Yakhiwa 1970 ku shipyards basePoland Eminyakeni yokuqala usebenza khona oLwandle iBaltic. Ngo-1974 wathunyelwa Sea Navy, ngendlela ehlukile kwesimo endaweni Ibutho N519. Njengoba isikhulu intelligence wayethethelela asihlola kungenzeka imikhumbi isitha, ukhuluma, wayengasebenzisa zobuchwepheshe izikhali "Igla". Ukuze afeze isabelo ayo, iye ifakwe iqoqo imishini ekhethekile kwesimo endaweni kanye radar "Don" uhlelo eziphambili, sonar uhlelo "Bronze" ngisho idivayisi ezinye imfihlo.

Wreck "Liman" e woLwandle Olumnyama, lisemsebenzini, bekulimele futhi ngemva kwamahora ambalwa yacwila.

Sabotage noma inkungu egcwele?

Lapho ufunda izitatimende abamele ezisemthethweni amabutho empi isizathu esenza Ngishoné umkhumbi Russian e woLwandle Olumnyama, uzizwa sidideke, ethukile futhi ngidumele. Kuleso oda. It kuvela, ezazigxishwe imfihlo zikagesi wempi ezibizayo isithunywa ayikwazanga owabona Izinkomo inkungu-umkhumbi.

Mhlawumbe yingakho magange bakholwe Movement ukusekela iqembu, eyakhipha kungenzeka ukuketula. Ngokombono wabo, "Liman", okuyinto ngempumelelo wayesebenzela ogwini yaseSiriya, okubangelwa ukunganeliseki US amabutho empi ababekhona lapha. Ukuze uvimbele isithunywa ukuvela iphuzu othize ngesikhathi ukusibeka ngokwabo isikhathi esiqondile, yena kungabonakali anezinhlaka iyahlaselwa imfuyo. Admiral Kravchenko wathi ukufa "Lehman" umcimbi ongavamile.

Iqiniso lokuthi oLwandle Olumnyama yacwila umkhumbi isiRashiya, kukhona Eqinisweni obungenakuphikiswa eyodwa kuphela: ithimba uyaphila. Mhlawumbe asizange futhi ungalokothi wenze out kwenkungu.