Ishayela amaViking njengoba isigaba ayisihluthulelo kumiswa Russia

Ukwakheka isimo Russian kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa sehlo, njengoba amaViking yokushaya Russia. Namuhla, phakathi mlando olwenziwe eshubile mayelana yini noma cha le ndawo umcimbi emlandweni wezwe noma ingabe eziklanywe kusungulwe mlando. Ukuze siqale ukuqondisisa Bayini laba amaViking efanayo - inzalo ka izikhulu Russian. Ngokusho imfundiso yokuziphendukela abanye ososayensi, amaViking lasendulo lalibizwa ngokuthi amaViking zaseScandinavia. Eminye imithombo eyaziwa umsuka WaseByzantium ka amaViking. Le nkulumo ibhekisela amasosha esimweni ekhethekile egcekeni ababusi baseByzantium, oqala ngekhulu le-11. Ngokuhambisana imithombo Russian lasendulo, amaViking babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli Amasosha evela phesheya (in the case of the aseBaltic), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abaluphi uhlanga.

Ngokusho umlando, ekwindla ka-862, futhi yayibiza amaViking, lokhu usuku, yebo, ezivamile kakhulu, kodwa kwaba yena ngubani livela imithombo eminingi ebhalwe sikhathi. Umthombo oyinhloko, equkethe ulwazi mayelana umsuka umcimbi "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka". Nokho, amaViking uvele Russia eside ngaphambi yaba umsebenzi wokuphila kwabo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kusukela ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye leminyaka, izizwe izwi, Chud, Krivichy nezinye intela ikhokhwe njalo avela ngemuva Viking (Baltic) ulwandle amasosha, amaViking isb. Ngu-862, la masosha Nokho axoshwe ezweni Russian amabutho angumfelandawonye izizwe zakwa Slavic, ngokushesha ngemva umcimbi phakathi kwezizwe zakwa ngokwabo umkhankaso izimpi zombango ezinonya. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho abameleli babo kanye wanquma ukubiza ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Prince kuthabathela ecaleni waya befuna kuye ngaphesheya kolwandle.

AmaViking lokuqala, anxuswa ukuba abuse kwamanye amazwe, izelamani ezintathu: Rurik, sineus futhi truvor, sahlala komuzi ka Izborsk futhi Ladoga, futhi ogwini White Lake. By the way, namuhla kukhona iphuzu elithile buka, owawuthi amagama sineus futhi truvor kukhona Umlobi womlando oqanjiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona inala imithombo okubonisa ukuthi lezi amagama akhona ngempela futhi kwakuvamile kakhulu phakathi Scandinavians lasendulo. IHhovisi abakhulu nezikhulu emazweni ukuqoqa inkokhiso evela kubo esivuna nokugcinwa amabutho uma impi. Ngo 864 Prince Rurik lisuswe kusuka Ladoga emzini omusha kanye ebiyelweyo Novgorod futhi ukunika ibhodi abafo dolobha Krivichy Polotsk Beloozero, Moore futhi Rostov. Lokhu ukusatshalaliswa umhlaba kunomthelela kwetinhlavu ngowokuqala enyakatho Yurophu isimo autocratic ngokuthi Rus phezulu. Ngakho, amaViking wathatha ukushaya ezweni Russian futhi waqala wokubusa le Rurik lwamakhosi, okuyinto leliya lizwe kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-16.

Lo mcimbi asiyeki uhlupho izingqondo izazi zanamuhla nomlando buffs. Ngokwesibonelo, e isahluko esithi "INkathi Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" anikezelwe oshayayo, ungathola eziningi eziphikisanayo. Uma amaViking zixoshwa ezweni isiRashiya, kungani kwanqunywa ukuba ngilidlulisele isikhulu ubizo? Ukuziphatha okunjalo ongaziwa wawobaba Izazimlando kanje: izizwe bekhululiwe ngokwabo kusukela impango nokuhuheka kwezinye bahlaseli, ulungiselela ukuhlaselwa entsha yokuwela omunye. Usongo lwezigebengu nokuhlaselwa kwaleli enyakatho Scandinavians umhlaba Russian wayengokoqobo ngempela. Ishayela amaViking esikebheni ukukhethwa Rurik njengoba umphathi nomthelela kulondolozwe ukuthula emazweni Slavic, futhi abavikele lihlaselwa nobutha phambi Scandinavians.

Ukwakheka isimo Russian lihlotshaniswa igama Rurik. Ukuba khona kwalesi sibalo zomlando namuhla Nokho kuqinisekiswa amaqiniso amaningi, le mpikiswano mayelana nokuthi ubani ngempela kwaba Rurik namanje kuyaqhubeka. Ezinye izazi ukuhlonza ngayo ezithile knight-abahlubukayo Danish Rorikom, okuyinto iqhawe elikhulu futhi ngesibindi wakhonza oya emakhosini azo, ngokuphumelelayo bavikela izwe labo futhi wenza forays yimpumelelo ku emazweni angomakhelwane. Ngesikhathi Normans uthwebule ukushaya ezweni isiRashiya, yazuza eliyigugu isipiliyoni Rorik ohlakaniphile, nomholi wezempi futhi owenza. Mhlawumbe nguye owayebizwa ngokuthi njengoba izithunywa isikhulu izizwe zasendulo.

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo ososayensi impikiswano elafika abadala besizwe kweqiniso, ngokuthi lokubusa umhlaba izifiki, umcimbi baba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni izwe lonke. AmaViking ayenokuhlangenwe isikhali ezinhle ezingaba ukuvikela ukuhlaselwa lwemikhumbi isitha uzibophezele, waba negalelo elikhulu inhlangano ukuhweba phakathi eRussia nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezizwe Slavic ezikutholile uju, emakhilayoni, ummbila. Scandinavians ahlanganiswe igolide Arab bathele ezweni labo ukuze yezindlela zasolwandle adumile "kusukela amaViking-Arabhu" kanye "amaViking amaGreki."