Umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov": imininingwane ukufa

Ngo-February 1986, e strait ukuthi iqanjwe Cook, ngasogwini New Zealand, kwakukhona umkhumbi: yacwila umkhumbi namaSoviet "Mikhail Lermontov", okuyinto kwaba abantu abangaphezu kuka eziyisikhombisa namashumi amahlanu. Ngenhlanhla, isibalo izisulu lalilincane. Inhlekelele emkhunjini "Mikhail Lermontov" amangalelwe ukuphila eyodwa kuphela sesisebenza - unjiniyela uPawulu Zaglyadimova reefer amayunithi. Wayesebenza egumbini, okuyinto wawudla izindwali cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kwengozi. Abantu abayishumi nanye balimala obuhlukahlukene lamadigri zaba namandla kakhulu.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ukufa umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov" eyalwiwa eminyakeni amathathu edlule. imisebenzi Investigative le nhlekelele eyathatha inyanga ezingaphezu kweyodwa, bavalelwa hhayi kuphela ezweni lethu kodwa futhi phesheya. Nokho, kukhona swe kahle okwenzekile kuze kube namuhla. Kwakuwusuku ingozi umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov" ukuqondana kwezinto okubuhlungu futhi noma yokukhubazeka - kusenzima nobubi kothile?

Lokhu vosmipalubny Soviet umgibeli liner wayengomunye walaba imikhumbi yimpumelelo kakhulu wakha phansi iphrojekthi 301. It lwenzelwe abagibeli abayisikhombisa namashumi amahlanu. Yakhelwe umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov" ku shipyards e eWismar 1972. Wayelethwa ogama lakhe behlonipha imbongi omkhulu Russian.

Kulomkhumbi ngalezo zinsuku sahamba kuphela ezimbalwa bese elite. Izithombe umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov" ngokuvamile ishicilelwe emaphephandabeni Western. It wahlulelwa sendlela yokuphila eSoviet Union, abantu kuyo abantu phesheya njalo. Nokho, kwakunzima ukuthola ebhodini yakhe ukuba iningi labantu bethu. Nokho, kwathi eziningi zabantu abavamile baseSoviet Union ngisho uqaphele ukuthi kukhona lowo mkhumbi - "Mikhail Lermontov".

iphrojekthi 588

ezimbalwa kakhulu abantu bazi ukuthi ngalesi liner okunethezeka eSoviet Union kwaba "mfowethu" of the gama elifanayo. Yakhiwa ngaphansi Inombolo yephrojekthi 588 bangena imikhumbi Umgibeli kule noMfula iVolga Inkampani yokuthumela. Umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov", okuyinto ekuqaleni wabizwa ngokuthi "Kazbek", ngokwesiko wakhonza izivakashi kuphela e-Astrakhan, enza multi-day Cruises eMoscow naseLeningrad. Ngokungafani umfowabo abadumile xaxa, umfula umkhumbi emithathu emphemeni wakhululwa ngo navigation okokugcina ngo-1993, futhi ngo-2000 kwathiwa uthathe yizicucu.

A nokumela umkhankaso ophumelele

Ngo-1962, ngemva-Cuban missile esibucayi, lapho isimo ngamazwe kakhulu ukufudumala, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange wenza izinyathelo eziningi okuhloswe ngazo, ukwakha amabhuloho ephakathi eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga. ubudlelwane Soviet-Canadian wakhela umkhumbi "Alexander Pushkin", ukusebenzisa kulo mugqa. Umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov" yena, kwadingeka ukuba ziveze izinkambo wase-USSR --United States. Wayebhekwa yimpumelelo nokumela project uhulumeni wamaSoviet. Empeleni, lo mkhumbi kwenziwe umsebenzi zamanxusa, ukukhangisa ku West ngempumelelo ukuphila kwethu Soviet.

ENew York, usuku efikile ebhodini rose izintatheli abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu ukubhala ngakusasa ukuthi umkhumbi wabo bakhalise amahutha "Mikhail Lermontov" kwaphawula ukuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi. BaseMelika baye ngenkuthalo ukuze ukwazi ukuthenga amathikithi umkhumbi. Umkhumbi, okuyinto isibe nesincintisana sína ukuba amaningi aseNtshonalanga cruise analogue, ngokushesha waziwa emakethe samazwe umgibeli traffic.

Isibhakabhaka esikebheni

Lapho umugqa American ngenxa yezimo ezithile, ivaliwe, Ministry Morflot, benze kunakwe notshwala enkulu abagibeli sishukumiseleka phakathi England nase-Australia, wathumela umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov" e Nenkabazwe oseningizimu. Izithombe umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov", wenza eziyisikhombisa nizungeze izindiza emhlabeni, kungenziwa zibonakala emaphephandabeni yamazwe ahlukene. Wahamba ngomkhumbi waya eLondon, wavakashela eziningi ngengxenye enhle kakhulu zomhlaba abuyele dolobha yaseBrithani, kuyiqiniso, ngakolunye uhlangothi. Kuthiwa emkhathini ngomkhumbi kwaba amangalisayo. Lo mkhumbi motor sasifana isimo encane, lapho wawugelezela impilo ejwayelekile, wathandana nalo, bashada, ngisho nokufa.

Emalangeni alitjhumi - uhambo "Mikhail Lermontov" - baphathwe amadola angamakhulu ayisikhombisa. AmaNgisi babenza ukuthi aphila kulo umkhumbi nabo kwamaSoviet ezishibhile ophilayo ezweni. Kumelwe ukuthi leli qiniso akakuthandanga izinkampani cruise Western, ngakho benza nje wenzé zonke izinhlobo ukucunula. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi kwakungekho inguqulo eyodwa ukuthi umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov" yacwila ngasogwini New Zealand akuyona ngengozi, kodwa by ngenhloso kothile enonya.

indiza kokugcina: Chronicle

Nesithupha February 1986 ngehora lesithathu vosmipalubny Soviet liner Chic baphuma New Zealand Picton. Umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov", indiza olwedlule sima ophumayo we-Queen Charlotte Strait ebhodini ebelithwele abagibeli abane emakhulu asibhozo anamanci, anamakhulu mathathu namalungu amathathu nezisebenzi. Ngemva cishe isigamu sehora induna waya azifake egunjini lakhe. indawo yakhe kuleli bhuloho wathatha itilosi iwashi, okwakukhona kulo mate wesibili, i-New Zealand umshayeli amatilosi ezimbili. Umsakazo watshela abagibeli phezu ezikhangayo zendawo. Ngesicelo iye kuyofikwa eduze nogu eNew Zealand umshayeli Yiqiniso bomkhumbi. At kwehora ezinhlanu umkhumbi wabeka Yiqiniso waphuma olwandle oluvulekile.

Kungazelelwe, umshayeli wayalelwa ukuthatha umyalo isigwedlo kwesokunxele izinyathelo eziyishumi. Buka isikhulu wathi kabili, futhi liner ekushintsheni Yiqiniso, beza ngesikebhe, strait iwumngcingo elise phakathi Jackson Cape yesibani Walkers Rock. kwabikwa Okwesibili mate Gusev ukuthi amanzi kungabonwa oluseduze.

On umbuzo kungani lashintsha Yiqiniso, New Zealand umshayeli, itilosi ewashini S. Stepanischeva wachaza ukuthi uvumela abagibeli ukubona ubuhle Cape Jackson.

Ngezinye amahora nesikhombisa futhi imizuzu engamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov" ngesivinini ifindo nanhlanu wahlamba strait. Ngemva kwamahora amabili nesigamu ngemva kokushiya port Picton isikebhe kangaka sisondela omunye emadwaleni ukuthi izindaba, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba alwele ukufinyelela nokufanelekela ufika emagaleni ezikhulayo lenhlonhlo idwala. Kodwa okwamanje helmsman ephethwe ahoxise futhi siguquke.

Kodwa kungazelelwe umkhumbi ngejubane washayisa idwala kwamanzi. Umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov", isithombe kusuka phansi okuyinto kunobufakazi elimele kakhulu futhi enciphile, waba holed amamitha nambili eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bulkheads amanzi angangeni ziye spoilt yingozi. Kodwa umkhumbi inertia eqhubeka eya phambili. UCaptain Vorobyov, ngokushesha kwavela ibhuloho, wathatha ukulawula ezandleni zabo juqula juba liner ku ushayisa intaba yesihlabathi, elise ethekwini Port Gore.

ukukhathazeka

Abagibeli ngesikhathi bashayisana noma abangaqaphile. Babuthana kule "Mikhail Lermontov" salon omculo liner. Umkhumbi, ingozi lapho amangalelwe ukuphila komunye umuntu, ngezinye nesikhombisa amane nanhlanu wayevele degrees-roll. Lapho nje lo alamu kwathiwa. Kutholwe ku kwebhuloho induna libike ukuthi iminyango amanzi angangeni battened phansi. Kodwa awazange asize. Amanzi ageleza-kuleli gumbi engangikulo esiqandisini, ejimini, pantries ukudla, igumbi Ilondolo kanye nezakhiwo zamahhovisi indlu yokunyathelisa Ngishoné. Waqala seep ngokusebenzisa kabi ikhiyiwe iminyango amanzi angangeni egumbini lenjini.

Ngo kwamahora ayisithupha kuya imizuzu amabili, lapho iqembu eziphuthumayo wazama ukuvala amasango ezikhukhula, Roll umkhumbi wawususukile degrees engaphezu kweyishumi ziqhubeka. Ukaputeni kwakungasekho okunye kodwa ukunikeza oda ukulungiselela imishini wokutakula. Kuye kwebhuloho wathola umbiko ukuthi amanzi amanzi kuwukuphendula main usinika amandla. Ngenxa yalokho, i-izinjini eyinhloko esitobhini eziphuthumayo, futhi ngoba ugesi wayesehambile. Ngehora lesikhombisa imizuzu eyishumi umqulu umkhumbi wafika degrees nambili, ngakho ukaputeni wayala wonke umuntu ukuba baphume kulelo kamelo injini.

Amatilosi ngokushesha waqala ezothatha bonke abagibeli. I wakwazi ukusindisa cishe yonke. abahlanganyeli Abaningi cruise, iningi okwakukhona zisencane eziphambili, kwadingeka ukuba ngokoqobo ume izandla zabo. Kamuva kwacaca ukuthi ukuthi kwakungekho uPawulu Zaglyadimova phakathi abasinda - ifriji umakhenikha. Ngokusho ofakazi, ngesikhathi kwenzeka ingozi, wayengumuntu nje umnsalo emkhunjini ocwilayo, kanti wayematasa okuthile emsebenzini wakhe. okufushane isifakwe phambili ukuthi ngishaqekile igalelo, wafa ngenxa yalokho.

Imininingwane kokufa umkhumbi

Nesithupha Februwari 1986 kwasa esinamafu. On the bridge ekuseni kwakufanele ukaputeni womkhumbi uVladimir Vorobiev naseNew Zealand umshayeli Jamison esuka ethekwini Picton. Professional njengoba isazi isivakashi, akekho ungaqiniseki. Wayengomunye pilot abathathu wakhipha patent evumela Wiring imikhumbi emikhulu phezu mfula Fiordland - New Zealand esiqiwini, amawa ezimangelengele, okuyinto idume Sea Tasman. Kodwa yiso kanye lesi uchwepheshe abanolwazi futhi abanekhono futhi wenza isinqumo ongaziwa sendlela ukuchitha vosmipalubny umkhumbi Soviet ngokusebenzisa strait ewumngcingo phakathi Shoals ezinamadwala Cape Jackson. Kamuva, ngesikhathi kuqhubeka uphenyo, Jamieson uthe ukuthi kwenzeka angesabi. Kusolakala ukuthi wayengafuni ukuphuthelwa ithuba ukukhombisa abagibeli eduze ubuhle kokubili Cape Jackson yesibani yakhe ohlangothini enyakatho umnyango strait.

I lobuchwepheshe ohlangothini inhlekelele

Ukufa umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov 'ubelokhu impikiswano. newsmen Abaningi Western wazama kuzongisiza yale nhlekelele, ngokusobala yokugcwalisa oda kothile. Okokuqala zakungabaza ukuthembeka imikhumbi Soviet, ikakhulukazi ukungabi kwabo imishini yezobuchwepheshe.
Ngokwesibonelo, i-British "Times" umangalele ukuthi ngisho wokutakula izikebhe ku "Mikhail Lermontov" abangu ngakho egqwalile ukuthi abagibeli kungase ibhoboze phansi kwezinyawo zabo, futhi abazange bashise uwumnikazi wenkampani i-signal izibani.

Yiqiniso, wonke hype zazingenzelwanga nesenzakalo esingokoqobo. Ngesisekelo Paris MOU, esungulwe ngo-1982 kuhlelembisa Europe ukuqaliswa kokulawulwa imikhumbi yangaphandle yayingavunyelwe ukusebenzisa izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke kokuphepha Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, nje unyaka ngaphambi kokufa umkhumbi, ngo-June 1985, e Hammerfest ayohlolwa yiKhomishana International, esiphelweni sesimiso okwakukhona akunakungatshazwa. Ongoti bathole ukuthi umkhumbi isesimweni esihle, wamnika isitifiketi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-December ka-1985, umkhumbi usudlule nolunye uvivinyo, kodwa e-Australia. Ukaputeni ithole izandla zami phezu idokhumenti ukuthi amazwana imishini yobuchwepheshe akukho.

Futhi, ngokuvumelana Paris Imemorandamu, angafundwa amasevisi port bekuzokuba badedelwa useyili futhi umkhumbi engaphelele kuhlanganise umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov". Njengoba salezi zikebhe ibuthuntu futhi inkomba izibani okuyiphutha, emkhunjini tiveta egcwele izikebhe eyenziwe fiberglass noma insimbi Alloys wamandla eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, namahemuhemu zokuhlenga eyayivuza babe iqiniso. Esiginali izibani ungayishisi ngoba zikhanyise kuphela uma amanzi. Kulesi sisekelo, singaphetha ngokuthi version of the ukungasebenzi lobuchwepheshe emkhunjini iphele.

ingozi mncintiswano

EMpumalanga Jalimane ngaleso shipyards e Wismar eminyakeni embalwa ukwakha "Mikhail Lermontov" - umkhumbi, amanzi ezingasetshenziswa namanje ifundwe: ". Port of Registry - emzini Leningrad kanye Baltic Inkampani yokuthumela" Ziphethe izakhiwo zesimanje, lokhu ship ngokushesha uvele iyahola yonke imikhumbi Umgibeli kule Minmorflot Soviet.

Ukaputeni we-umkhumbi wabelwa netilosi elingumakad 'ebona Aramu Mihaylovich Oganov, ngubani awuhambanga ngalolo indiza kwesibhamu kwakungenxa yesizathu esihle. Lo mkhumbi motor ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa ngomkhumbi emhlabeni wonke. Wayengumuntu ngempela ziphoqa phakathi izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe abazimisele ukuthenga izinkambo ukuhamba kule isitsha Soviet. Isizathu kwaba eshibhile hhayi kuphela kuka izinkampani Western, intengo ithikithi, kodwa futhi izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu yesevisi.

Inguqulo ehambisana ne-umncintiswano, futhi, kubhekwe umshushisi, hhayi kuphela ezweni lethu kodwa futhi phesheya. UCaptain "Mikhail Lermontov" inkantolo ukuba bathi hhayi kanye wathola kokusongelwa lesikhulunywako naleso lesibhalwako, ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho umkhumbi akuyona izigameko nje ongaziwa iphutha, kuze ukutholakala ezansi ezimayini kazibuthe ngaphandle fuses.

Phakathi indiza odlule Oganov eseholidini. Uyakholelwa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa umkhumbi kubangelwa umshayeli. Indawo sokufa emkhunjini "Mikhail Lermontov" iminyaka eminingi esebenza njengesazi Uchwepheshe kwadingeka ukuba ajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvumelana induna, lo mkhumbi wacwila at ibanga amamitha angamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili kusukela osebeni amamitha angu amathathu nantathu ukujula. Futhi ukufa ezifana Ogan wathi, akukwazi ngephutha.

umshayeli imfumbe

Jamison okwakungafanele emehlweni cindezela ngokushesha ngemva isikebhe wokutakula walethwa waya ogwini. Futhi wabonakala ekuqaleni kuze kuzokwenziwa ngendlela uphenyo, ihlelwe Ministry New Zealand wezokuThutha. Wathi usuku ekhathele kakhulu, ngoba akuncikile izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba yatholakala yalokho, umshayeli nje isigamu sehora ngaphambi aphuma aye olwandle, "Mikhail Lermontov" ukuphuza vodka futhi ubhiya. Fakazela wecala kuhlulekile ngqo futhi namuhla Jamieson kuyinto induna yomkhumbi encane ebithwele imfuyo kusuka Wellington ukuba Picton futhi emuva.

homecoming

Ngemva kokufa umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov" abaseRussia wenqaba umgibeli traffic esifundeni phakade. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngasogwini New Zealand iminyaka emihlanu awavelanga noyedwa lo ship.

Amatilosi, ngubani bakwazi ukusindisa abagibeli engaphezu kwamakhulu amane ominzayo elinde ekhaya akukhona ngezandla ezifudumele. ESoviet Union abantu sikhathele siyingcuba waxosha cishe esigadiwe.

"Mikhail Lermontov" isijeziso iyona bezula

ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa nje ngemva kwenhlekelele, omunye insika umkhumbi nimkhiphela bamanzi Cook Strait lalifana isandla, ucele usizo. Nakuba ukwanda kwamanzi elalihluke ngokuphelele ezibizayo isitsha kungaba kwenziwe, kodwa iSoviet Union yokwakha kabusha, kodwa ngoba kwakungeyona kuze kube emkhunjini, waminza kude kwenye Nenkabazwe. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ithole abatshuzi. Umkhumbi "Mikhail Lermontov" kusenziwa yaphangwa. Nakuba mangisho ukuthi isimo ezingeni imisebenzi Kwakuseshwa: ekuqaleni fuel amathangi yayo ukulandwa, bese, njengokungathi "Titanic", lomkhumbi ephephile, eyayinekheli imigexo abagibeli angaphandle abacebile owaphakanyiswa naye. Igolide namadayimane phinda kubanikazi ethunyelwe insimbi Leningrad emkhunjini, usike zabo ezitholwe abatshuzi.

Okunethezeka liner ukuthi yacwila eduze nogu ngesikhathi ukujula sasivumela engajulile, ngemva konyaka kwaqala ukuphuca abantu bendawo. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo, kukhona amahemuhemu ukuthi umkhumbi kanzima ujezisa bezula bengamenyiwe. Phakathi namashumi eminyaka edlule esidlule ezimbalwa mayelana "Mikhail Lermontov" Kushone abatshuzi ezintathu nemigwamanda ungazange kwatholakala ...