Revolutionary Rudzutak-Jan Ernestovich: Biography, umlando kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo zokuphila

Ngokuzayo wamavukelambuso Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich wazalelwa Agasti 15, 1887 in epulazini elincane Caune Latvian. Abazali bakhe abalimi abavamile. imfundo womfana lwalulinganiselwe kuzigaba emibili esikoleni lesifunda. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-18, u-Ian bajoyine RSDLP party futhi kamuva bhunkula bono the Mensheviks wajoyina amaBolshevik.

wamavukelambuso Junior

Ubuzwe Rudzutak kwaba Latvian, ngakho umsebenzi wakhe party iye ikakhulukazi ezihambisana ngayo izwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Wathatha igama komhlaba Pumpur Vindavsky salibangisa ekomidini a RSDLP wendawo. Lenhlangano ngokushesha yokuthola amandla futhi ukhule. Rudzutak-Jan Ernestovich obhekene zokuthutha eLatvia izincwadi ezingekho emthethweni, emaphamfulethi, izikhali, inkulumo-ze amaphephandaba ukuthi zalethwa eyayisemikhunjini evela phesheya ezicashe ukuhweba izimpahla.

Ingabe konke kakade kanye wanqamuka revolution lokuqala 1905-1906. baboshwa izishoshovu abaningi ngesikhathi, futhi amaphoyisa aqhubeka ukucinga lonke amaBolshevik, eyaziwa isikhundla sakhe olukhulu namagunya. Nge ukunxenxa of abesifazane ngatshala ejenti wamavukelambuso wamaphoyisa omshoshaphansi wakwazi kuqala uthole phezu umzila, bese ngesinyenyela iKomiti Vindavsky. Ngo-1909 Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich waboshwa futhi wagwetshwa isikhathi esiyiminyaka 15 ebhadla ejele.

1917 kwaba

KwamaBolshevik Njengabanye abaningi abangontanga comrade bakhe amashwa, sikhishwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa Februwari Revolution ushwele okwalandela. Uma ngaphandle, Rudzutak-Jan Ernestovich ngokushesha bajoyine ajwayelekile kakade kuye umsebenzi party. Wafundisa ngaso eMoscow Regional Bureau of namaSoviet. Umsebenzi obaluleke kunayo yonke izinguquko kwaba ukuqala njengoba izinyunyana we yendwangu eCentral Industrial Region. Esimweni esinjalo, amaBolshevik yesigaba sabasebenzi kwakufanele ukuyaluza ikakhulukazi obuphelele.

ngokushesha kakhulu-Jan Ernestovich Rudzutak wakhethwa unobhala inyunyana yabasebenzi yendwangu esifundeni laseMoscow. Wahlela isiteleka enkulu 1917, elaqala ngo-October 21,. Lokhu wokumelana izimo abampofu yokusebenza ubuhanjelwe abasebenzi ayizinkulungwane 300. isinyathelo esihlelwe kwaholela ekumisweni kwe ukukhiqizwa Shuya, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kostroma, Kineshma, ukhaphethi. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kwalezi zenzakalo, abasekeli kukaLenin okuhleliwe lokuketula uhulumeni Petrograd. Mayelana ushintsho amandla enhloko-dolobha Rudzutak, owayesesimweni eMoscow, ngafunda ocingweni. AmaBolshevik nokulawula ngokushesha esungulwe phezu Sobukhosi Okokuqala.

Sebenza Ephakeme Economic Council

Ngo-May 1918, Yang Ernestovich Rudzutak yaba ilungu Ephakeme KaHulumeni boPhezukonke Economic Council (Supreme Economic Council). Ngesikhathi esifanayo waqala ukuhola uMnyango yendwangu. Ngaphambi kokuba ilungu party wabhekana nenselele engathí sina - ukubuyisela amabhizinisi kumisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwadingeka ukuba uhulumeni. Ama-oda okusha ahlelwe akuwona neze, ngakho umsebenzi e Supreme Economic Council kwaba ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele ngaphandle kokuma. Inkinga nje kuphela ukuntula imisebenzi. Ngaphandle yakhe izicubu ezintsha kwakungenakwenzeka ukubeka okudalwe iRed Army.

Lapho uhulumeni kuhanjiswe ku Moscow, imihlangano Ephakeme Economic Council ngezinye izikhathi yaqhutshelwa Kremlin. On omunye wabo Rudzutak-Jan Ernestovich (wamavukelambuso, njengoba kuqhathaniswa phezulu party, akukaze wahlala ekudingisweni) wahlangana uVladimir Lenin. AmaBolshevik ababili yashesha ukuba nolimi olulodwa olwaziwayo. Ngemva kwesikhashana, uLenin asekelwe isinyathelo Rudzutak, uhlongoza ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze Ukucelwa indwangu, babe ezandleni tycoons futhi capitalists enkulu. Esiphakeme Economic Council ke, njengoba kuzo zonke izidumbu, ngoba impi yombango eyalandela, izinqumo ezathathwa amandla.

Ngo-Asia Ephakathi

Ngo-1922, ngemva kokunqotshwa esimhlophe kanye nokusungulwa kwamandla zaseSoviet kakhulu ezwe elaliyi-Russian Empire Yan Rudzutak wathunyelwa Asia Ephakathi Bureau leKomiti Central we CPSU (b), lapho waba ngunobhala. Kule ndawo yayisalokhu inhliziyo eqinile yobuzwe. Basmachi ayisekho Nokho usongo kuhulumeni omusha, ngezikhathi ehlasela Amayunithi iRed Army. Agricultural wahlala neNkabazwe. Ngesisekelo emnothweni Asia Ephakathi kwaba ukotini, kodwa ngenxa yempi nokubhujiswa lapho kumbangela cishe akukho zokutshala.

Ukuze onesixazululo sazo zonke lezi zinkinga futhi wathatha Ian Ernestovich Rudzutak. Biography of lokhu wamavukelambuso kakhulu efana biography of nezinye amaBolshevik kokufika kwegagasi lokuqala. Kuye batch oda, yena njalo washintsha isimo lunye imisebenzi. Akhiwe Central Asia, ke ngezikhathi ezindabeni zebhizinisi wavakashela eMoscow. Ngakho, ngo-1923, wathatha ingxenye in the XII iCongress of the party. Ngo eBukhara, wakwazi ukubuyisela emkhakheni wezolimo futhi kulethe ukuphila emuva inkambo elinokuthula. Kuze kube yimanje, ke okuqaliswe ukuxhaswa womsebenzi wokubambisana ukuthi avunyelwe abampofu ukuthatha nemalimboleko futhi kwakhiwe kabusha umnotho wayo.

Yabantu Commissar ka Railways

Ngo-1924, Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich (1887-1938) sathola isabelo esisha. Waba Yabantu Commissar ka Railways. Ngemva kulwiwa, leli zwe wasala izimoto yisikhathi, bakhathale futhi ezilimele nezitimela, okuyinto akakwazanga ukumelana umthwalo futhi sithembele kujwayele ukuphuma oda. Okukodwa ibhuloho Soviet labhujiswa. Enye ingxenye kwakudingeka kwenziwe amanye esikhundleni sawo, ngenxa yokuthi le miyalezo zakhiwa zaba XIX leminyaka futhi akusebenzi kakade.

Kwadingeka futhi ukuba esikhundleni emakhilomitha nojantshi 15 000. Isixazululo zonke lezi zinkinga futhi waqala Rudzutak-Jan Ernestovich. Izenzakalo Yabantu Commissar usezuze ukubaluleka okukhulu ngenxa yokuphila lonke lelo zwe. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, elinobunye ujantshi ukuphathwa uhlelo udaliwe. Njenganoma iyiphi ibhizinisi umphakathi, enqubeni kwaba eningi ubushiqela neziyimbambezela, elase wayesezibeka ukulwa.

Ukubuyiselwa ukuxhumana Soviet

Ngemva konyaka owodwa ethathe izintambo, Yan Rudzutak bakwazi zama kuqala yasekhaya udizili esitimela eyakhelwe eLeningrad. Le modi entsha yokuhamba yayonga okuningi onobuhle uwusebenzise. Ngo-1926, izinto zokuthutha ngesitimela okokuqala Udlule izibalo pre-impi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungumsebenzi Yabantu Commissariat wezokuxhumana lalingesinye emfuleni nasolwandle imikhumbi kanye racing umugqa. emathekwini amaningi kwabhujiswa Ngishoné imikhumbi. Ngenxa yokushoda kwezimali Rudzutak asekelwe kakhulu ukwakhiwa izikebhe ezincane emfuleni ababe ukonga futhi ezingabizi yemikhumbi eminingi. Ngo-1927, abantu Commissar ka Railways ezihlongozwayo ukuqala ukwakhiwa we iVolga-Don umsele. Kodwa akuphelelanga lapho. Futhi esifundeni Rostov-ke ehlelelwe ukuba sijulise Don, ukuze imikhumbi yempi zifike emfuleni endaweni umkhiqizo wokusanhlamvu (corn wahlala kuyingxenye ebalulekile nokuthengiswa).

Ehola Ukulawula Party

umsebenzi Ukuthela, okwaholela Rudzutak njengoba Commissar, ayikwazanga kuholele enzeke kancane kancane isikhundla esiphakeme umsebenzi. Ngo-1931 waba usihlalo kwamaBolshevik Central Control Commission. Lokhu umzimba unesibopho party isiyalo. Kwaholela ukulawula Yana Rudzutaka wema valerian Kuibyshev futhi UGrigory Ordzhonikidze.

Office, phakathi kwezinye izinto, babehlanganisa izikhalazo bureau, okuyinto athole izikhalazo ukusebenza nezinkampani. Ukusebenza kwalezi ukunikeza abahloli kazwelonke. Babona phezu ekukhishweni izitshalo kukaLenin futhi kwadingeka ukuba kuqedwe ubushiqela emkhakheni.

umhleli abanamakhono

CCC umsebenzi saba esibaluleke ngokukhethekile phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezimbili izinhlelo oneminyaka emihlanu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1933 ubunzima supply nsimbi, izitshalo ngobukhulu steel kuleli zwe kwaqalwa. Kwehliswe ukukhiqizwa emasimini Kuzbass futhi Krivoi rog. Kuyinto Central Control Commission wakwazi ukuthola viva zigcine kwezomnotho futhi ukulolonga umphumela ongemuhle nobukhulu bale nkinga.

Rudzutak, uphatha yonke ngalezi zinqubo, kwakudingekile ukubeka engcono yamakhono awo. Abangane kuqashelwe ukuthi ekhaya ayenakho umtapo omkhulu, lapho wayechitha isikhathi sakhe khulula. Iningi usihlalo we-Central Control Commission wayenesithakazelo izincwadi zezimali, ngokomnotho.

Beboshwa futhi babulawelwa

Isiphetho Yana Rudzutaka yayifana isiphetho abaningi ozakwabo phakathi lokuqala amaBolshevik, bajoyine Party phambi inguquko futhi ngimatasa uhulumeni neqembu ezibaluleke okuthunyelwe e-USSR. Ngo-1937, waboshwa. Umshushisi kufakwe ukuhlola i-Germany kanye counterrevolutionary Trotskyist umsebenzi. Funnels ngoba Rudzutak wazisho lapho at dacha kwakhe. Ian Ernestovich buthule Sahlala emotweni, ngemva kwalokho akekho omunye wabona.

Commissar Owabe wadutshulwa Julayi 29, 1938. Waba omunye izisulu amaningi siphila ngokwesaba uStalin. ke Izikhulu eziningi eziphezulu yaphela kanye Rudzutak-Jan Ernestovich. Umndeni woshonile wenza nokuvuselelwa wakhe ngo-1956 ngemva XX Party Congress.