Dmitry Ustinov - Marshal kweSoviet Union, le Yabantu Commissar kanye noNgqongqoshe eU.SSR ahlomile. Biography, imiklomelo

lempi Ikusasa Dmitry Ustinov wazalelwa e Samara i zokusebenza umkhaya ovamile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wazalwa ngo-1908 (ngaphambi nje ekuqaleni Revolution), wakwazi ukubamba iqhaza kulwiwa - e ngokwezinga yayo extreme. Lo mfana akazange ngisho isikhathi ukuqedela izifundo zami.

Isevisi ku iRed Army

Ngo-1922 yena ngokuzithandela bajoyine iRed Army. Wabelwa okubizwa ngokuthi amabutho ezikhethekile (CHOZ). Zadalelwa Eminyakeni yokuqala likahulumeni waseSoviet. Abantu bangaleso sikhathi "party lempi" amaqembu avela ngesikhathi cell Party kanye amakomiti lesifunda ukuze silwe esiphikisayo revolution.

Young Dmitry Ustinov wathunyelwa Asia Ephakathi. Ngo Turkestan, kwadingeka ukuba enze impi bands engumphangi, ababe omunye zibuswa lokugcina ukumelana uhulumeni omusha lamaKhomanisi.

yokufunda

Isisebenzi sokuzithandela elilandelayo demobilized ngo-1923, wathumela esifundazweni Kostroma. Kube akufundayo e Makariev esikoleni sokufundela amakhono omsebenzi. Ngonyaka odlule, Dmitry Ustinov ithatha CPSU (b). Ngemva kokudedelwa Usebenza ezimbalwa wokuba umakhenikha we- mishini. Balakhna Okokuqala e isigayo iphepha ke ifektri Ivanovo-Voznesensk.

In the new 1929, insizwa ethile iya wendawo Polytechnic Institute. Elapho ngokushesha iphula Komsomol iladi iba yilungu bureau party. Ezazidingeka umholi imvumela ukuba aye ku-Leningrad, lapho ngaleso sikhathi waya abasebenzi Military Mechanical Institute.

Wayekhona ezikhathini tsarist, futhi emva kwempi ilungisiwe izikhathi eziningi, kuhlanganise e semfundo yesibili. Manje kukhona Faculty of wezikhali kanye nezinhlamvu. Ngo-1934, Dmitriy Fedorovich Ustinov ikhiqizwa lapho wobunjiniyela. Namuhla, le nyuvesi ebizwa ngegama lakhe.

"KwamaBolshevik"

Ngokushesha unjiniyela abanamakhono kwaba eLeningrad wezikhali-Marine Research Institute. Lapha osolwazi wasebenza iminyaka eminingi ukuqina futhi titanic isipiliyoni. Ustinov wayeyinhloko odumile u-Aleksey Nikolaevich Krylov - Mechanics, mathematics kanye umakhi womkhumbi. Wayaziwa ngemisebenzi eminingi theory, okuyiwona wathola njengoba umvuzo esivela enkosini, futhi likahulumeni waseSoviet. Ngokwe Ustinov kakhulu, kwaba uthisha wakhe oyinhloko owafaka kuye ilukuluku enhlanganweni futhi ucwaningo lwazo.

Ngaleyo minyaka e kwababusi nomenklatura futhi elite lobuchwepheshe baseSoviet Union repressions mass. Izishoshovu Old bafela Gulag, sazo sivalwe anamagama entsha. Dmitriy Fedorovich Ustinov kwaba kule kholi kakhulu "abasha".

Yena uthola kwi "kwamaBolshevik", okuyinto ngokushesha kakhulu (ngo-1938), waba umqondisi. Lokhu inkampani owalandela zomthetho edumile Obukhov ifektri futhi into amasu ezibalulekile. Lapha kancane phambi tractor lokuqala amaSoviet nasemakamu amathangi.

Dmitry Ustinov wafika lapha ngaphansi ukusekelwa uNobhala lokuqala Regional Leningrad futhi City Andreya Zhdanova. Wafuna ukuthi ongaphansi umthelela esiphezulu. Leli umsebenzi umnotho nhlobo, ukuqaliswa ngamunye nemigomo lemisiwe ledzingeka. Ustinov wathatha inkampani esimweni esidabukisayo. Kodwa akazange esabe ukuya izinyathelo okuyingozi: ukushintsha imishini amasampuli amazwe, abasebenzi kabusha abafanelekayo, njll Ngenxa yalokho, ifektri waqala ukukhulula amathuluzi eliphezulu ... Gosplan weqiwe, futhi umqondisi abasha lithole i the Order of Lenin.

Ustinov Njengabanye abaningi abangontanga Umthala yayo, uStalin bahlala beqinile kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila. Lapho sicindezelwa wathinta nabasizi bakhe, kuhlanganise UNikolai Voznesensky, yena kuchasiselwe lezi zenzakalo nozungu ezizungezile umholi.

Yabantu Commissar izikhali

Emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi umqondisi abasha ethembisa waqokwa Yabantu Commissar wase-USSR izikhali. Stalin babekholelwa ukuthi ubuyophikisana kwamaNazi akunakugwenywa, kodwa kuzokwenzeka ngaphambili kuka sinjani onyakeni owodwa noma emibili. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, wayethemba ukuthi rearm lizwe, ukuthembela Ustinov isizukulwane ikhono nokuzinikela.

Kukholakala ukuthi ukuqokwa Umqondisi "kwamaBolshevik" kokuthunyelwe ka Yabantu Commissar Lavrenty Beria ukubukelwa. Ngalesi sikhathi lapho owayeyinhloko wasondela Stalin, nezwi lakhe juqu izisebenzi izindaba.

Hhayi kwadingeka isikhathi sokuthi ibhizinisi esiqokiwe esiphathiswe ejensi, ngo-June 22 bell wakhe waphaphama usihlalo we Gosplan UNikolai Voznesensky wathi ukuthi yaqala impi. Kuyinto isikhathi umsebenzi wansuku zonke batakulana lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-lezimboni empumalanga yezwe, kude phambi lusondela.

Lutho neze Stalin babe "inviolable", ukuze iqiniso lokuthi Marshal esizayo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa wayephila futhi ehhovisi namanje, liyazikhulumela. Nokho, ukuphumelela kwakhe baba sobala futhi ngaphandle ukuqhathanisa okunjalo. Umi umsebenzi wamabhizinisi langemuva ngokuyinhloko wasiza kweJalimane empini ukuzithumela kwezinye izindawo nokufa. Kamuva, usuvele uBrezhnev inkathi zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa Marshal lwabonakala ngokukhethekile ihlonishwe amagama esiphuthumayo ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa.

Kulesi umsebenzi Kwakukhona ezihlekisayo izigameko. Ngokwesibonelo, Ustinov ngaphuka umlenze wakhe, egibele isithuthuthu (akuthandile njalo izithuthuthu). Esaba isijeziso abaphathi, wafika e-Kremlin. Kodwa Stalin, ngokuvumelana umqondo wakhe engavamile amahlaya, abantu Commissar ngaphambilini ukukhipha imoto entsha, ukuze esitho ayisekho awazange ayiphule.

umsebenzi okwengeziwe

Ngemva kwempi, Ustinov wasala kokuthunyelwe kwakhe. Ngo-1946 kwaba khona izinguquko Commissariats. Bakhandwa uqambe Senkonzo (ejensi Dmitri kwaba Ministry of izingalo wase-USSR). Ngo-1953, yena salandelwa isihlalo esemthatha embonini ukuvikela isimo.

Eminyakeni eyisithupha (kusukela ngo-1957 kuya 1963) Wayesebenza uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe, lapho walibangisa ikhomishana on iphrofayela yakhe. Njengomunye ehilelekile sasendizeni Gagarin sika emkhathini yena waklonyeliswa isihloko Hero of Socialist Labour.

UNgqongqoshe Wezokuvikela

Ustinov wayephikisa Khrushchev kanye zahlangana kwabozungu, ukususa kuye. Lapho uBrezhnev liqala ukubusa, uDmitri ngokwemvelo wasigcina elite isimo. Kusukela ngo-1976, yena - uNgqongqotjhe wezokuVikela wase-USSR futhi ilungu Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee. Lezi zikhala waligcina kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

Eminyakeni uBrezhnev, he was fike of labo abambalwa wathatha iqhaza ezingxoxweni setindzaba letimcoka inqubomgomo Soviet. Leli qembu elincane futhi lalinabashumayeli leonid Illicha Suslov Andropova Gromyko Chernenko.

Njengoba uNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela Ustinov is baziwa kakhulu izimfundiso zayo. Ngokusho kwakhe, amabutho aseSoviet reequipped futhi wathola imishini emisha. Lokhu kwakunjalo of yenuzi (SS-10) futhi izikhali ezingekho yenuzi (amabutho armored).

Ustinov wayengomunye initiators kwempi ngo Afghanistan, kuhlanganise lokubikezela imisebenzi yokuqala. Ngezindlela eziningi umsebenzi wayo eyaholela kulesi sinqumo we Politburo. Ngakho Ustinov kuqhathaniswa induna Jikelele Abasebenzi Ogarkov, ngubani, kunalokho, wayengafuni ayehlasela.

Ngaphansi kobuholi Ustinov sadlulela enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu emlandweni Soviet umzimba ezempi. Bamukela igama ikhodi "West-81". Khona-ke ibutho laseSoviet aqalwa yahlola ngokuzenzakalela izinhlelo zokulawula nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ephezulu ukucacisa izikhali.

kakhulu isinqumo sikaNgqongqoshe wayeshukunyiswa iqhaza amazwe iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, lapho ubudlelwano phakathi eU.SSR United States uyalulama ke futhi selehlile.

ukufa

Le ndoda zokugcina, ogama umlotha bangcwatshwa i isitsha odongeni ezibiyele, kwaba, Dmitry Ustinov. Umndeni wathola impesheni sithembele. Washona ngasekupheleni 1984, ngemva abandayo at umbukiso olandelayo eziphathelene nezempi. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayeseshonile kakade, Andropov futhi Chernenko waphila out ezinsukwini zokugcina. Generation wabaholi baseSoviet yokujama tsi isikhathi petered out buthule zokuguga. Ngo abantu, kulolu chungechunge nokufa wabizwa ngokuthi "umjaho namakalishi." Ustinov wayeneminyaka engamashumi 76 ubudala.

Ukuze kuhlonishwe Marshal kafushane uqambe kabusha Izhevsk - City gunsmiths. Nokho, izakhamuzi asabela ngayo ushintsho ukungamukeleki, futhi igama zomlando eyabuyiswa ngokusebenzisa imizi emithathu.

udumisa

Ustinov biography kuhlanganisa kokuthola kwakhe imiklomelo eminingi, kuhlanganise isihloko Hero kweSoviet Union, Hero of Socialist Labour (kabili), kanye 11 Ama-oda ka Lenin, ngisho eyodwa ukuze Order of Suvorov futhi Kutuzov (kokubili idigri yokuqala).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezikhathini eziningana okukhulunywa ohulumeni we Warsaw Pact atheleka kanye wonke-eksisi lamaKhomanisi: Mongolia, eCzechoslovakia, eVietnam, Bulgaria, njll ...