Umfula Oder - mfula eNtshonalanga Yurophu

-Oder River (Odra ngenye ukuyibiza) kweqa eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Kugeleza eCzech Republic, Poland, Germany kanye uyothela oLwandle iBaltic. Ubude bayo 912 amakhilomitha. I nemingenela ngobukhulu - kuyinto Velze, Tyva, varta, Burd, Opava. Umuzi osebeni - Ostrava Raciborz, Wroclaw, Opole, esiyiSzczecin, Kitz, Frankfurt an der Oder, Schwedt. UMfula Oder libhekene yokudla okuxubile: iqhwa nemvula. Ngo amanzi awo - ezihlukahlukene zezinhlanzi: carp, Pike, eyikati, trout, perch, umbokwane nabanye.

Oder River kumephu

Oder liphuma Sudeten Mountains. Niwabeke emfuleni okwamanje kuvuleke indlela yokuba ethafeni-Central European, esigodini masimu ubanzi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi afinyelela ku 10-20 km.

Ukudlulisa emlonyeni Lusatian vaasam oder ngokushesha inwebeka 250 m bese uba acebile. On indlela yayo ezakhiwe sebuningini iziqhingi. Coast zivezwa izihlahla ukuthi ukuvikela emazweni wezolimo yizikhukhula. Ngemva 84 km kusuka ekuqaleni komfula Oder ihlukane amagatsha amabili (lokuthumela - West). It igeleza ingene khona eBaltic Sea, okungukuthi ku esiyiSzczecin Inlet (okuthiwa echwebeni).

intukuthelo River

Kuyo-Oder entwasahlobo njalo waphawula lapha kukazamcolo. Ehlobo, ekwindla libhekene izikhukhula ezinkulu ezisheshayo zabantu, ebusika - anda okuqukethwe amanzi. Esikhathini yesithwathwa olunzima emfuleni eqina ngenxa yamakhaza.

Isikhathi esining impela phakathi nawo wonke umlando, izikhukhula udale isimo inhlekelele. izikhathi eziningi bahamba ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi ezindaweni enkulu umhlaba wokulima, wahlupheka zokuhlala. Njalo ubuzwe, behlezi lomfula ezingezwakali, walinika igama layo. Ukuze amaJalimane kuba-Oder, amaCzech namaRomany, nabasePoland - Odra. emfuleni - futhi Kashubian Amabhakede futhi luzhichanskaya Vaudreuil. Medieval Igama Lesi'Latin - Viadrus futhi Oder. Ngesisekelo zonke izinhlobo elithi "hadron", okusho ukuthi "amanzi ukugeleza".

Umlando emfuleni

Ngisho emphilweni yasendulo Roma Oder yena nendima enkulu. Yena sasiyindawo Amber Road, kusukela ogwini aseBaltic amber ilethwa iMedithera. Kwaba ebalulekile kwezohwebo eyayihlanganisa futhi ezizweni zamaJalimane.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, ukuthuthukiswa ukuhweba zasiza ekwakheni emadolobheni amaningi loMfula-Oder, umfula wawukade i Umthambo ezibalulekile European. Kusukela ngekhulu le-XIII, ukuvikela umhlabathi olimekayo, umugqa wakhe up edamini kuqala.

Kakade ekhulwini XVII yaqala ukwakhiwa asebenzayo yesiteshi, futhi umfula Oder ixhunywe wonke umthambo ezibalulekile European. Isiteshi ngobukhulu - Oder-Spree - lakhiwa iminyaka engamashumi amane 1887-1891, ubude ababalelwa ekhulwini amakhilomitha.

Kakade ngawo-1919, ngemva kwempi, iSivumelwano SaseVersailles uye kuchazwe imingcele, futhi navigation ku-Oder.

IMpi Yezwe II

Ukuze German Army Oder River 1939-1945 wakhonza njengombonisi izinqaba, sivikele. Mfula isibe indawo ebalulekile amasu.

Ngo-1945, ngesikhathi ukusebenza Vistula-Oder, lo amabutho aseSoviet bafeza Ukunqamula eMfuleni Oder. Kuyinto lapha, futhi waqala ukuhlasela obuphelele ku Berlin. Ngenxa yalokho, esihlelwe ukusebenza Berlin zaphumelela ukufaka ngesinyelela kokunqoba eJalimane lobuNazi.

Ngaphambi kwalokho, ngo-1943, engqungqutheleni Tehran, umfelandawonye anti-Hitler babezimisele imingcele eYurophu ngemva kwempi. Zaphawula komngcele kanye-Oder phakathi Poland naseJalimane.

Umfula Oder eJalimane

Omunye izikhungo ebaluleke yezimboni eJalimane lingumuzi Eisenhüttenstadt. Itholakala endaweni lapho Oder ixhunywe Spree German. igama wedolobha ihumusha ngokuthi "umuzi Izigayo yensimbi." Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kunezindlela eziningi Izigayo steel.

Frankfurt an der Oder itholakala iMpumalanga Jalimane emfuleni inomngcele yi-Polish Slubetskom. Kusukela XIX leminyaka Prussian Frankfurt ubudala an der Oder njengolubalulekile omkhulu kwezohwebo, kwaba phakathi nomgwaqo phakathi Berlin futhi Poznan. Phakathi WWII edolobheni yabhidlika kabana by zamabhomu amaNazi esanda bakhe kabusha ngemva kwempi. Manje kubonakala zanamuhla.

Ukudoba eJalimane. ngemvelo

Zonke thutheleka fula ngokusebenzisa eJalimane, nje agcwele izinhlanzi, kodwa ngokudoba lapha - akulula. Ngeke ukwazi nje ukuthatha lolo uhambe waya ogwini. Njalo umdobi athenge ilayisensi futhi wamukele kungaba eyodwa kuphela owathweswa iziqu izifundo akuzona Fisheries ezishibhile, ngaphumelela ezivivinyweni zabo futhi wasithola isitifiketi. Wonke umuntu kumele abe kwezinye club nenhlanzi kuphela ezindaweni ezithile eziqokiwe ngokukhethekile. Ngo amachibi yangasese ungakwazi ngabadobi imali, ilayisensi ayidingekile.

Imifula eJalimane abhekwa abahlanzekile eYurophu. Ukunemba futhi pedantry amaJalimane, ubuntu babo wabenza ngakho. Kuphakama izinkinga main ngesikhathi khona sase-GDR, kuyilapho ukwakhiwa izitshalo ukwelashwa indle awulona imali eyanele. Manje njengoba zemvelo kuthiwa okuzwakalisa inhlabamkhosi nganoma yisiphi isizathu, isimo waqonda, yonke imifula eJalimane baye baba ihlanzeke kakhulu. Rhine, owawuke ngokuthi "kuze kulahlelwe yeYurophu", sekwande hamba salmon, zikhetha ukuhlanza amanzi ahlanzekile.