ISivumelwano SaseVersailles futhi umphumela kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala

ISivumelwano SaseVersailles, isivumelwano owaqeda kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, esasayinwa ngo-28 Juni 1919 e asemaphethelweni eParis, a esigodlweni wangaphambili.

Ukuxolelana ngempumelelo yaphela impi olunegazi, esasayinwa November 11, 1918, kodwa izinhloko ezilwayo ithi Bajabula lapho kuthatha cishe isigamu ngonyaka ngokuhlanganyela ukuthuthukisa amalungiselelo esemqoka ye isivumelwano sokuthula. ISivumelwano SaseVersailles Isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi kwamazwe victor (USA, France, iGreat Britain) kanye eJalimane wanqoba. Russia, futhi ingxenye sokusebenzisana amandla anti-isiJalimane, ngaphambili, ngo-1918, lwaphetha ngezithombe eJalimane ukuthula ahlukene (ngokuvumelana Brest ukuthula sivumelwano), ngakho akazange iqhaza Paris Ukuthula lenkomfa, noma ngokusayina iSivumelwano SaseVersailles. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi Russia uye wahlupheka womuntu omkhulu ukulahlekelwa shí eMpini Yezwe I, hhayi kuphela abazange bathole isinxephezelo (lokumiswa), kodwa futhi walahlekelwa ingxenye indawo yokhokho babo (kwezinye izindawo zase-Ukraine futhi Belarus).

Imigomo iSivumelwano SaseVersailles

Izinhlinzeko eyinhloko iSivumelwano SaseVersailles - ukuvuma kwemibandela wecala eJalimane "kubangelwa impi." Ngamanye amazwi, umthwalo egcwele ukuvusa ukushayisana European global wawela phezu eJalimane. Lokhu kwabangela engakaze ibonwe unswinyo okukhulu. Inani indemnities Imininingwane esakhokhwa ohlangothini German kwemibuso enqobile, kwaba izigidi ezingu 132 igolide amamaki (kwamanani ka-1919). Izinkokhelo zokugcina enziwa ngo-2010, ukuze eJalimane owayengakhokha ngokuphelele off the "amacala," the First World War kuphela emva kweminyaka 92.

Germany wahlupheka ezibuhlungu kakhulu indawo. Zonke amakoloni German yahlukaniswa phakathi kwamabutho Entente (umfelandawonye anti-German). Ingxenye emazweni kakhokho-German yezwekazi futhi kwalahleka: uLorraine Alsace abangu yanika eFrance, yaseMpumalanga Prussia - Poland, Gdansk (eDanzig) wayebhekwa nedolobha khulula.

ISivumelwano SaseVersailles equkethwe izidingo enemininingwane okuhloswe ngazo demilitarization Germany, ekuvimbeleni kabusha elivuthayo ka empini. Ibutho lamaJalimane lancipha kakhulu (kuze kufike abantu abangu-100 000 ukuba). German umkhakha lempi lase cishe esaba khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, funa eceleni kwalotshwa ngenxa demilitarization we Rhineland - Germany okwakwenqatshelwe ukuba agxilise lapho amabutho nezempi. ISivumelwano SaseVersailles kufakwe isigaba ku ukusungulwa kweNhlangano Yezizwe - inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe, ezifanayo umsebenzi UN yesimanje.

Umthelela iSivumelwano SaseVersailles emnothweni German kanye nomphakathi

Imigomo iSivumelwano SaseVersailles babe ngokungadingekile enemikhuba ezinzima, emnothweni German akakwazanga ukumelana nabo. A umphumela walo oqondile waba ukuqaliswa izidingo draconian yesivumelwano kwaba ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe umkhakha isiJalimane, le phansi Imininingwane sabantu kanye ayehle kakhulu amandla emali esabekayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuhlaselayo isivumelwano sokuthula oye wathinta isici esizwela, nakuba nemiyo ongeyona inyama, njengoba ukwazi kazwelonke. AmaJalimane wazizwa hhayi kuphela ezibhuqiwe waphucwa, kodwa kwabacasula dedengu wabahambela, ubuhlungu. umphakathi German kalula sengikubambile yobuzwe ngokwedlulele kunazo nemibono revanchist; kule - esinye sezizathu sokuthi leli lizwe iminyaka engu-20 nje edlule ne usizi izimpi embulungeni yonke lempi isigamu saphela, kalula bahileleka olandelayo. Kodwa iSivumelwano SaseVersailles ngo-1919, lapho obekumele ukuvimbela izingxabano ezingase zibe, hhayi kuphela sahluleka ukufeza umgomo wayo, kodwa futhi ngezinga elithile wasiza ugqugquzela Second neMpi Yezwe.