Imisebenzi ka-Ostrovsky: uhlu lwamahle kakhulu. Umsebenzi wokuqala ka-Ostrovsky

"Columbus Zamoskvorechye", umbhali wemidlalo eyenza umdlalo waseRussia ube yizincwadi "zangempela" - ngu-A. N. Ostrovsky, osebenza kusukela phakathi nekhulu le-XIX yaba yiyona eyinhloko emlandweni we-Maly Theatre eMoscow. Konke okubhalwa kubo akukwenziwanga kokufunda, kodwa ukukhishwa kwesiteji. Umphumela weminyaka engu-40 yokudala umsebenzi wawuyi-original (cishe ngo-50), edalwe ngokubhaliwe kokubambisana, okusetshenziselwa futhi okuhunyushwa.

Imithombo ye "ugqozi"

Yonke imisebenzi ka-Ostrovsky isekelwe ekuqaphelisweni okuqhubekayo kokuphila kwamakilasi ahlukene, ikakhulukazi abathengisi kanye nobukhulu bendawo.

Ubuntwana kanye nentsha yomdlali wezemidlalo yayibanjwe eZamoskvorechye - isifunda esidala saseMoscow, esasikwakhiwa yi-bourgeois encane. Ngakho-ke u-Ostrovsky wayejwayelene kahle nendlela yokuphila kwabo kanye nokuzikhethela kobudlelwane be-intra-nomndeni nobuhlobo. Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, labo okuthiwa "abesomabhizinisi" baqhubeka bebonakala lapha - bazofaka isigaba esisha somthengisi.

Kwakuwusizo kakhulu umsebenzi ehhovisi le-Sovest Court yaseMoscow, lapho u-Alexander Nikolayevich wangena ngo-1843. Iminyaka engu-8 yokubheka izinsolo eziningi kanye nokuxabana kwabadayisi nezihlobo bavumela ukuqoqa izinto eziwusizo ngenxa yokuthi imisebenzi emihle ka-Ostrovsky izobhalwa.

Emsebentini we-playwright kuyisiko ukukhipha izikhathi ezingu-4 eziyinhloko. Ngamunye wabhalwa ngendlela ekhethekile ekuboniseni iqiniso kanye nokubonakala kwemidlalo ekhanyayo.

Iminyaka engu-1847-1851. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala

Imisindvo ebhaliwe ngomoya we "esikoleni semvelo" futhi ngokuhambisana namasiko abekwe nguGogol, yiletha isihloko sokuqala sokubhala "uColumbus Zamoskvorechye." Kodwa maduzane bathathelwa esikhundleni yizemidlalo ezazisusa ngokuphelele izinhlobo zama-epic.

Umsebenzi wokuqala ka-Ostrovsky - "Isithombe Somndeni", kuqala ufunde umlobi kusihlwa ku-S. Shevyrev. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlonishwa okuletha "i-Bancrut", kamuva ibizwa kabusha ngokuthi "Abantu bami - sizobala!" Ukusabela kudlalwa kwakungasheshi. Ukucwaningwa kwamaphoyisa kwavalwa ngokushesha (kubhalwe ngo-1849, kwavela endaweni kuphela ngo-1861), futhi u-V.Odoevsky wabeka "Neradoslem", "Woe kusuka kuWe" no "Umcwaningi". Iminyaka eminingana umsebenzi wawufundwa ngempumelelo emibuthanweni nasemini yokubhala, ukunikeza umbhali osemusha ukuqashelwa kwendawo yonke.

1852-1855. "Isikhathi se-Muscovite"

Lesi yisikhathi lapho u-Ostrovsky ejoyina "ebhodini elisha lokuhlela" lomagazini, eshumayela imibono yokwenza inhlabathi futhi owayenesithakazelo ekilasini lomthengisi. Abamele isigaba sezenhlalakahle, abangahlanganiswa ne-serfdom futhi abangaqothulwanga kubantu, bangaba ngombono ka A. Grigoriev, amandla amasha angakwazi ukuthonya ukuthuthukiswa kweRussia. Ngalesi sikhathi kukhona imisebenzi engu-3 kuphela ka-Ostrovsky, enye yayo - "Ubumpofu abuyena ophikisayo."

Isakhiwo sibonisa ubuhlobo emndenini womthengisi uTortsov. Ubaba onamandla nonamandla, uGordei, uhlela ukukhipha indodakazi yakhe, ethandana nomabhalane ompofu, uKorshunov ohlakaniphile nocebile. Lo ngumthengisi wesizukulwane esisha ongasoze aphuthelwa nguye. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umfowenu-mkhulu kungenzeka ukuba uLjubim - athambekele ebudakeni, engagcinwa isimo, kodwa kuyo yonke imithetho elandelayo yokuziphatha. Ngenxa yalokho, lolu daba luxazululwa ngokuphepha uLyuba, futhi umdlali wezemidlalo uqinisekisa ukunqoba kwabantu baseRussia amasiko namasiko phezu kweYurophu.

1856-1860 gg. Ukuguqulwa nge "Contemporary"

Imisebenzi yalesi sikhathi: "Indawo enenzuzo", "Esikhathini esidlangalaleni sezindlovu" futhi, "Yebo, ukuduma kwezulu" kwakuwumphumela wokuphinda ucabange indima yabadayisi bezinzalamizi empilweni yezwe. Ayisakhanga umdlali wezemidlalo, kodwa wazuza kakhulu izici zobushiqela futhi wazama ngokuqinile ukumelana nayo yonke into entsha neyentando yeningi (umphumela wethonya le-raznochintsy evela eSovremennik). Okucacile kakhulu, lo "mbuso omnyama" uboniswe enhlekeleleni kuphela yomsindo wezemidlalo "The Storm". Lapha kunabantu abasha abafuni ukubekezelela imithetho yokwakha indlu.

Ukuhlaziya imisebenzi eyenziwe eminyakeni engu-40-50, u- A. Grigoriev wabiza u-Ostrovsky A. N. ngempela "imbongi yabantu", okugcizelela ukulinganisa kwezithombe azibonise.

1861-1886. Ukuklama okuvuthiwe

Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25 yokuguqulwa komsebenzi, i-playwright yabhala imisebenzi ecacile, ehlukahlukene enhlobo kanye nesifundo. Zingahlanganiswa zibe ngamaqembu amaningana.

1. I-comedy mayelana nendlela yokuphila yomthengisi: "Iqiniso lihle, kodwa injabulo ingcono", "Akuwona wonke amakati ayingqayizivele."
2. Isingeniso: "Izimpisi Nezimvu", "Mad Money", "Ihlathi", njll.
3. "Izithombe zempilo yaseMoscow" kanye "namanani ase-backwoods" ngabantu "abancane": "Izinsuku ezinzima", "Umngane omdala ungcono kunamasha amabili", njll.
4. IziKronike ezihlokweni zomlando: "Kozma Zakhar'ich Minin-Sukhoruk", njll.
5. Idrama yengqondo: "I-Sacrifice Yokugcina", "I-Dowry".

I-play-story story "I-Snow Maiden" ihlukanisiwe.

Imisebenzi yamashumi eminyaka edlule ithola izici ezimbi futhi zefilosofi-kwengqondo futhi ihlukaniswa ukuphelela kwezobuciko kanye nendlela ebonakalayo yesithombe.

Umsunguli wezemidlalo yaseshashalazini

Amakhulu eminyaka adlula, kodwa imisebenzi ka-Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolayevich isabutha ukuthengiswa kwezigaba ezihamba phambili zezwe, eqinisekisa inkulumo I. I-Goncharov: "... ngemuva kwakho ... singaziqhenya ngokuthi: Sinezibuko zezwe zaseRussia." "Umlobokazi ompofu" futhi "Ungangeni Esikhathini Sakho", "I-Wedding of Balzaminov" nethi "Inhliziyo Ayilona Itshe", "Kwakungekho penny, kodwa ngokuzumayo u-Altyn" no "Kuzo zonke izihlakaniphi kunalokho kulula" ... Lolu hlu lwabantu abadumile Amagama emidlalo ka-Ostrovsky ingaqhutshwa isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yekhono lomdlali wezokudlala, izwe elikhethekile liye laphila esiteji, ligcwele izinkinga eziyohlale zikhathaza abantu.